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"[ABSTRAKKajian ini membahas tentang pemicu dan pembentuk budaya yang mendorongkinerja untuk meningkatkan efektivitas manajemen kinerja di pemerintahandaerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan soft systems methodology (Checkland &Scholes, 1990) dengan dual imperative of action research (McKay & Marshall,2001) melalui 4 (empat) tahapan SSM (Checkland & Poulter, 2006). Kajian inimemetakan permasalahan faktual di Pemerintahan Provinsi Jawa Timur yangmenunjukkan tidak efektifnya tahapan pembelajaran dikarenakan kurangnyabudaya yang mendorong kinerja. Kajian ini merekonstruksi konsep Marr (2009)tentang pemicu dan pembentuk budaya yang mendorong kinerja. Hasilrekonstruksi menunjukkan ada 5 (lima) pemicu budaya yang mendorong kinerja,yaitu adanya rasa kesatuan sebagai komunitas, tanggung jawab dan akuntabilitas,integritas dalam kejujuran dan keterbukaan, kesamaan visi dan persepsi tentangbudaya kinerja, dan kepemimpinan yang memberdayakan dalam kemitraan. Hasilrekonstruksi juga menghasilkan adanya 5 (lima) pembentuk budaya yangmendorong kinerja, yaitu kepemimpinan yang mendorong kinerja, pengakuan danpenghargaan kinerja, pelaporan kinerja yang efisien, reviu kinerja secarainteraktif, dan peta kinerja. Selain itu, bersama-sama dengan para aktor diPemerintahan Provinsi Jawa Timur, kajian ini melakukan pemecahan masalah(problem solving) terkait pengelolaan unsur-unsur pembentuk budaya yangmendorong kinerja dan menghasilkan rekomendasi yang disepakati berupaketerlibatan gubernur dalam Musrenbang, dimulainya program apresiasi kinerja,penyederhanaan proses penyusunan laporan kinerja, reviu periodik secaradialogis, pembangunan Pusat Data Kinerja dan penyusunan indikator kinerja yangterintegrasi;

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ABSTRACTThe implementation of performance management has its own drawbacks. When aparticular performance management technology is applied in an organization, it does notalways come to fruition. Sometimes it ends as a formality, sometimes it stops atmeasurement phase and never reaches the management phase. This assertion is supportedby a number of factual problems found in the local government of East Java province,and a number of conceptual problems from the pervious theories. To solve theseproblems, we need to employ a set of enablers and building blocks of Performance-Driven Culture; which are expected to bring improved effectivity in the application ofPerformance Management. Mar (2009) states that, to achieve the desired Performece-Driven Culture, a set of factors that consist of five enablers and five building blocks arerequired. This study has successfully reconstructed those factors. This study finds that inIndonesian government, especially in East Java province, there are 5 (five) buildingblocks of performance-driven culture, namely: (1) leadership that encouragesperformance, (2) acknowledgement and appreciation of performance, (3) efficientperformance reporting, (4) interactive performance review, and (5) performance map.Furthermore, together with the actors in the Government of East Java Province, this studyalso performed problem solving upon the problem related to the management of elementsthat construct Performance-Driven Culture. The result of this problem solving processleads to a number of agreed recommendations, namely the involvement of the governor inMusrenbang, the initiation of performance appreciation program, the simplification ofperformance report framing, dialogic periodical review, establishing Performance DataCenter, and the framing of integrated performance indicator;The implementation of performance management has its own drawbacks. When aparticular performance management technology is applied in an organization, it does notalways come to fruition. Sometimes it ends as a formality, sometimes it stops atmeasurement phase and never reaches the management phase. This assertion is supportedby a number of factual problems found in the local government of East Java province,and a number of conceptual problems from the pervious theories. To solve theseproblems, we need to employ a set of enablers and building blocks of Performance-Driven Culture; which are expected to bring improved effectivity in the application ofPerformance Management. Mar (2009) states that, to achieve the desired Performece-Driven Culture, a set of factors that consist of five enablers and five building blocks arerequired. This study has successfully reconstructed those factors. This study finds that inIndonesian government, especially in East Java province, there are 5 (five) buildingblocks of performance-driven culture, namely: (1) leadership that encouragesperformance, (2) acknowledgement and appreciation of performance, (3) efficientperformance reporting, (4) interactive performance review, and (5) performance map.Furthermore, together with the actors in the Government of East Java Province, this studyalso performed problem solving upon the problem related to the management of elementsthat construct Performance-Driven Culture. The result of this problem solving processleads to a number of agreed recommendations, namely the involvement of the governor inMusrenbang, the initiation of performance appreciation program, the simplification ofperformance report framing, dialogic periodical review, establishing Performance DataCenter, and the framing of integrated performance indicator, The implementation of performance management has its own drawbacks. When aparticular performance management technology is applied in an organization, it does notalways come to fruition. Sometimes it ends as a formality, sometimes it stops atmeasurement phase and never reaches the management phase. This assertion is supportedby a number of factual problems found in the local government of East Java province,and a number of conceptual problems from the pervious theories. To solve theseproblems, we need to employ a set of enablers and building blocks of Performance-Driven Culture; which are expected to bring improved effectivity in the application ofPerformance Management. Mar (2009) states that, to achieve the desired Performece-Driven Culture, a set of factors that consist of five enablers and five building blocks arerequired. This study has successfully reconstructed those factors. This study finds that inIndonesian government, especially in East Java province, there are 5 (five) buildingblocks of performance-driven culture, namely: (1) leadership that encouragesperformance, (2) acknowledgement and appreciation of performance, (3) efficientperformance reporting, (4) interactive performance review, and (5) performance map.Furthermore, together with the actors in the Government of East Java Province, this studyalso performed problem solving upon the problem related to the management of elementsthat construct Performance-Driven Culture. The result of this problem solving processleads to a number of agreed recommendations, namely the involvement of the governor inMusrenbang, the initiation of performance appreciation program, the simplification ofperformance report framing, dialogic periodical review, establishing Performance DataCenter, and the framing of integrated performance indicator]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan mengeksplorasi pola-pola penggunaan media komunikasi pada siklus hidup keluarga tradisional Jawa dalam aktivitas sosial, politik, dan kebudayaannya. Juga untuk mengetahui bagaimana keluarga tradisional Jawa memaknai media komunikasi dalam kehidupannya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode etnografi dengan unit analisis keluarga tradisional Jawa yang berkultur abangan. Sebagai subjek aktif mereka memaknai keluarga tidak hanya berdasarkan ikatan biologis saja, terjadi perluasan makna, yaitu sebagai sebuah ikatan keluarga yang sepakat untuk mempertahankan nilainilai keutamaan Jawa, seperti rukun, hormat, dan harmoni. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: pertama, terdapat dua pola dalam penggunaan media komunikasi, yaitu pola umum dan pola khusus. Pada pola umum, media digunakan telah melintasi kurun waktu panjang yang didasarkan pertimbangan kesepakatan dan peristiwa terencana; sementara pola khusus, mereka harus memilih media yang akan digunakan ketika peristiwa tidak terencana, inisiatif penggunaan bersifat individual, dan harus bernegosiasi dengan nilai hormat dan sopan. Media berkategori modern pada kedua pola tersebut, digunakan karena aspek efisiensi terkait jarak geografis dan kebutuhan kecepatan pengiriman informasi tanpa melupakan negosiasi dengan nilai hormat dan sopan. Kedua, media komunikasi dimaknai sebagai segala sesuatu yang mampu memfasilitasi kebutuhan komunikasi terkait berbagai aktivitas dalam siklus hidupnya. Seleksi dilakukan secara ketat dan bernegosiasi terhadap kehadiran semua jenis media baru yang masuk dalam kehidupannya. Proses negosiasi itu senantiasa merujuk pada nilainilai dan etika keluarga yang berlangsung secara cermat, karena keluarga tradisional Jawa sangat khawatir akan kehilangan rasa sebagai satu ikatan keluarga. Sekuat apa pun sumber daya yang dimiliki media dan kemampuan besar untuk mempengaruhinya, tetapi dalam keluarga tradisional Jawa tetap digunakan secara selektif merujuk pada nilai-nilai keluarga komunalnya.

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ABSTRACTThis research is aimed at investigating and exploring the communication media patterns used in the traditional Javanese family life cycle in their social, political and cultural activities. In addition to this, it also investigates how the traditional Javanese families perceive the communication media in their daily lives. This qualitative research employs an ethnography method with the unit of analysis of families which in this study is identified as traditional Javanese family adopting the abangan culture. As active subjects, they do not limit family members to the ones belonging to biological kinship only but also to those belonging a wider relationship which agrees to maintain similar virtues such as a compatible, respect and harmonious value. The result of this research shows that: first, the are two communication media patterns used in the traditional Javanese family; a general pattern and a specific pattern. In the general pattern, the media has undergone a long period of time based on the agreement and planned communication events; whereas in the specific patterns, families have to select the media used during unplanned communication events which are selected based on individual preferences initiative and the type of events in which they have to negotiate in a respectful and polite manner. In these cases, the modern media is used in both patterns due to its efficiency aspects concerning the geographical distance and the speed of information delivery without disregarding the importance of respect and polite manner. Second, in a traditional Javanese family, the communication media is more perceived as a means facilitating all communication needs in various activities in their life cycle. For that reason, they conduct a thorough selection and always negotiate to any new media presence in their lives. This negotiation process always refers to the family values and ethical norms in a scrupulous manner since the traditional Javanese family is very much concerned of their tight family bond. The traditional Javanese family selectively refers to its communal family values when selecting any media to be used no matter how powerful or big of influence that the media has."

"Masalah desentralisasi di Indonesia berkaitan dengan pengalihan urusan ke daerah yang dimaknai dan diwujudkan dalam pembentukan organisasi perangkat daerah melalui regulasi lokal. Organisasi perangkat daerah yang dibentuk belum sepenuhnya mengakomodir prinsip dan karakter desentralisasi. Sebagai kota periphery dari Jakarta, kota Tangerang dijadikan sebagai city example. Organisasi Perangkat Daerah dianalisis dengan mengadopsi konsep hirarkhi proses kebijakan dari Broomley, berfokus pada analisis tiga level pelembagaan regulasi, regulasi nasional pada level makro, regulasi daerah pada level meso dan mikro. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) digunakan sebagai analisis metodologi karena bersifat holistic serta pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber data melalui wawancara terhadap beberapa key informant.Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada level makro, analisis penataan ulang pembentukan organisasi perangkat daerah mengisyaratkan perlunya merevisi Undang-Undang tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan Peraturan Pemerintah terkait muatan tentang kelembagaan organisasi perangkat daerah dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan Kota. Pada level meso, penerapan desentralisasi dilakukan dengan mengubah Peraturan Daerah sesuai dengan UU dan PP; pada level mikro-1, organisasi efektif dapat terbentuk apabila SKPD mampu bersifat adaptif, pimpinan yang memiliki kapabilitas dan kapasitas kompetensi dan manajemen kerja yang didukung SDM aparatur. Pada level mikro-2, peningkatan efektifitas organisasi dapat terbentuk apabila dilaksanakan optimalisasi struktur, tugas pokok dan fungsi organisasi yang adaptif terhadap kebutuhan lingkungan.Rekomendasi level makro adalah revisi dan pengesahan UU dan PP tentang Pembentukan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah; pada level meso Peraturan Daerah tentang SKPD segera disusun dan diformulasikan agar organisasi perangkat daerah dapat terbentuk sesuai dengan prinsip desentralisasi; pada level mikro-1, pengembangan struktur, tugas pokok dan fungsi secara organisasional dilakukan agar organisasi perangkat daerah dapat adaptif dengan dinamika perubahan; pada level mikro-2, dilakukan melalui penyusunan struktur, tugas pokok dan fungsi berdasarkan pada konsep local governance.

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The problem of decentralization in Indonesia is related to transfer of control to local government. This has been implemented by the formation of local government organization under various forms of local regulations. However, this formation has not yet in line with the principles and characteristics of decentralization. As the peripheral city, Tangerang was considered as a city example. The organization of local government was analyzed by adopting the Broomley?s hierarchy concept of policy process. It focused on three levels of institutional regulation, namely national regulation on macro level, and local regulation on mezzo and micro levels. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) was used as the methodology analysis for its holistic nature. Qualitative method with data source from interviews of some key informant was also employed in this research.

The research concluded that on macro level, the analysis of reconstructing the organization formation indicated that it is required to revise the Law on Local Government and the Government Regulation on Organization of Local Government in accordance with the needs of the city. On mezzo level, the implementation of decentralized system can be employed efficiently by revising Local Regulations in accordance with the Law and the Government Regulation; on micro-1 level, an effective formation of organization shall be formed when the local government is adaptive and that the senior officers in that organization obtain good capability and capacity. Moreover, they ought to develop work management which will be supported by their staffs. On micro-2 level, the effectiveness of organization shall be achieved when the structures, tasks and functions of organization is optimal and adaptive towards the environment.

The recommendation of macro level is that there is a need of revising and stipulating of the Law and Government Regulation on the Formation of Local Government Organization; on mezzo level, it is concluded that the Local Regulation on the Local Government Organization needs to drafted and formulated so that it can be utilized in accordance with the principles of decentralization; on micro-1 level, the structures, tasks and functions development needs to organized so that it will be adaptive towards the dynamic changes; on micro-2 level, there is a need of revising structures, tasks, and functions that are based on the local governance concept."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi konsep kebijakan dalam mendorong upgrading teknologi Industri Pesawat Terbang yang memiliki tipologi Global Value Chain (GVC) Hierarki. Sejak era reformasi hingga era Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, dukungan kebijakan terutama dalam perspektif tiga level hierarki proses kebijakan relatif lemah dibandingkan dengan periode orde baru. Padahal, sejak 2011-2013, terdapat sejumlah program pengembangan pesawat terbang yang berbasis pada penguasaan kemampuan pengembangan teknologi seperti pesawat N 219, program N 245 yang merupakan upgrading dari CN 235, dan Program Upgrading N 250 menjadi R-80.Kegagalan Program N 250 IPTN menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan program upgrading teknologi tidak hanya disebabkan oleh masalah lemahnya manajemen perusahaan, tetapi juga tidak adanya kesinambungan dukungan politik pemerintah. Karena kebijakan untuk mendorong upgrading teknologi bersifat kompleks dan problematis, baik terkait dukungan secara regulasi maupun political will dari pemerintah, maka penelitian ini menggunakan Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) untuk mengkonstruksi konsep kebijakan untuk mendorong upgrading teknologi pada GVC Industri Pesawat Terbang dengan mempertimbangkan systematically desirable dan culturally feasible.Penelitian ini juga melakukan analisis komparatif khususnya dengan Embraer Brazil dalam program pesawat EMB 120 yang sekelas dengan pesawat N 250 IPTN. Penelitian ini memberikan empat rekomendasi: pertama, selain dukungan secara regulasi, dukungan secara politik dibutuhkan untuk keberhasilan program upgrading teknologi. Kedua, komunikasi dua arah antar level kebijakan nasional dengan level inter sektoral sangat diperlukan, khususnya dalam proses pengarusutamaan arah kebijakan iptek sektor dirgantara. Ketiga, Industri Dirgantara dalam hal ini IPTN/PT DI harus memperkuat value chainnya baik terkait kemampuan manajemen, produksi dan jejaring. Keempat, tipologi GVC Industri Pesawat Terbang yang efektif bagi program upgrading teknologi pesawat terbang adalah bukan hierarki murni, karena kemampuan lead firm dalam melakukan codifiability dan kemampuan supplier untuk memenuhi requirement dari lead firm yang dibutuhkan justru sangat tinggi. Penelitian lanjutan dapat difokuskan pada analisis konsep proses kebijakan sebagai hierarki pada dinamika tipologi GVC sehingga upgrading teknologi yang dilakukan dapat lebih efektif.

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This research combines the concept of policy process as hierarchy and the concept of Global Value Chain (GVC) in reconstructing the concept of policy in upgrading technology in GVC of an aircraft industry with a hierarchical typology. Since the reformation order until the era of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, policy support for aircraft industry is relatively weak compared to the period of the New Order. However, since 2011 until now, there has been a number of aircraft development programs that were based on technology development, both on-going and at the stage of planning, such as N 219 Air Craft Program, N 245 which is upgrading of CN 235 or R-80 which is upgrading of N 250.Based on the failure of IPTN Indonesia, particularly the termination of N 250 program, which was not only caused by the poor management of the company as well as sectoral policy and national policy, but also by the lack of political commitment from the government. Because support for technology upgrade is very complex and problematical, either related to regulatory support or government political will, this research employs Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to find the concept of policy for supporting technology upgrade in GVC- National Aircraft Industry which are both arguably desirable and also culturally feasible. This study provides an illustration of comparative analysis between EMB 120-Embraer Brazil and N 250 IPTN.This paper recomends four conclusion: First, in addition to regulation support of the national development direction, political support from the government is also required. Second, a two-way communication is required between policy level and sectoral level, especially science and technology research sector, in the effort to mainstream aerospace technology development in the national development planning. Third, Aircraft Industry should also strengthen its value chain, especially improving the management system in terms of production, marketing and networking. Fourth, a GVC typology of aircraft industry which is effective for aircraft technology upgrade program is not completely hierarchical since lead firm codifiability and supplier competence in complying with the lead firm requirements are very high. For further research, the analysis of the concept of policy process as hierarchy for supporting technology upgrade with regarding to dynamic of typology of GVC could be conducted for carrying out technology upgrade effectively."

"Kebijakan pendistribusian Raskin yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah di tingkat nasional kenyataannya mengalami perubahan di tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dinamika pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal, dampak pendistribusian Raskin di tingkat lokal dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok RTS dan implikasi pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal terhadap aspek keadilan distributifnya.Hasil penelitian kualitatif ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika yang terjadi dapat dilihat dari munculnya berbagai aturan yang mengatur pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal. Selanjutnya, pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal berdampak pada upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok yang belum optimal. Selain itu, pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal berimplikasi pada belum terwujudnya keadilan distributif.

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The distribution policy of the raskin (subsidized rice) program set by the central government changes at the local level. This study aims to explain the dynamics of raskin distribution at the local level, its impact on fulfilling the basic needs for target households (RTS), and its implication on distributive justice. This research employs qualitative approach.The results show that the dynamics can be observed from the various rules in managing the raskin distribution at the local level. Furthermore, the local distribution seems to reduce the program?s potential to fulfill the basic needs of RTS and to improve distributive justice."

"Kualitas pelayanan sosial untuk kesehatan mental lansia dipengaruhi interaksi antara praktisi kesejahteraan sosial dan klien. Interaksi melibatkan banyak aspek, termasuk spiritualitas, maka penelitian ini menggali pemahaman spiritualitas praktisi dan praktiknya dalam pelayanan, bagaimana spiritualitas dihayati lansia, dan bagaimana lansia menghadapi penderitaan. Kajian kualitatif ini melibatkan 20 informan praktisi dan klien dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan kajian dokumen. Proses coding menggunakan NVivo untuk mempermudah analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spiritualitas praktisi dihayati dan diekspresikan dalam berbagai komponen dan dipraktikkan ketika berinteraksi dengan klien. Spiritualitas lansia juga tercermin dalam sejumlah kategori yang punya peran penting menjaga kesehatan mental ketika menghadapi penderitaan hidup.

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Service quality for elderly mental health is influenced by interaction between practitioners and clients. The interaction involves spirituality, so this study explores practitioners? understanding of spirituality and its implementation in service, how the elders live spirituality, and how they cope with sufferings. This qualitative study recruited 20 informants explored through interview, observation, and document review. NVivo software was used to organize coding results for analysis process. This study finds that practitioners? spirituality is lived and expressed in various components that is used in interaction. The elders have also spiritual sides echoed through some categories having contributions to their mental health."

"Dalam disertasi ini penulis meneliti tentang tawuran antar pelajar SLTA di Jakarta yang dari tahun ke tahun terus menerus terjadi. Sudah banyak upaya penanggulangannya, namun mengapa masih banyak tawuran antar pelajar? Penulis tidak ingin meneliti ?mengapa terjadi tawuran?, karena sudah banyak penelitian tentang masalah itu. Di Jakarta Selatan, terdapat beberapa pelajar SLTA tertentu yang hampir setiap tahun terlibat dalam tawuran antar pelajar, namun ada pula suatu sekolah yang tadinya sering terlibat tawuran, dalam kurun waktu tertentu menjadi tidak tawuran lagi. Akan tetapi di sisi lain, ada sekolah yang awalnya tidak pernah tawuran, menjadi terlibat tawuran antar pelajar pada beberapa tahun terakhir. Hal tersebut ditengarai adanya permusuhan kolektif yang berbentuk laten berubah menjadi permusuhan yang sifatnya aktual, sehingga timbul tawuran antar pelajar. Salah satu sekolah yang tingkat keterlibatan siswanya dalam tawuran adalah Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri T (SMK N T) Jakarta Selatan, namun keadaan menjadi berubah pada tahun 2006, disebabkan banyaknya kegiatan sekolah yang membanggakan berakibat waktu luang berkurang dan melupakan tawuran. Sebaliknya pada Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri C (SMA N C) Jakarta Selatan yang siswanya semula tidak tawuran, sejak tahun 2007 terlibat tawuran. Menurut Wakil Kepala Sekolah Bidang Humas disebabkan menurunnya aktifitas patroli oleh para guru, sehingga waktu luang bertambah dan timbul tawuran. Analisis dan Pengujian yang telah dilakukan pada aspek Pengalaman Tawuran, kelompok pelajar SMK Negeri T mempunyai musuh yang jumlahnya lebih kecil dibanding kelompok pelajar SMA Negeri C. Dari hasil analisis pada aspek Tindakan Sekolah, kelompok SMK Negeri T membiasakan konsisten dalam penerapan tata tertib dan sanksi, sehingga para guru mempercayai siswanya untuk menghindar dari tawuran. Sedangkan pihak Sekolah kelompok SMA Negeri C mengetahui siswanya yang melakukan tawuran, maka dalam mengatasinya diperbanyak kegiatan sekolah seperti kesenian dan olahraga. Dari penjelasan tersebut, ada hubungan antara kegiatan sekolah dan guru sebagai bentuk pengendalian sosial siswa dengan keterlibatan siswa dalam tawuran antar pelajar.

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In this dissertation the author examines the brawl between high school students in Jakarta that continually occur. There have been many efforts to overcome, but why is still a lot of fighting between students? The author does not want to investigate "why does brawl happen? because it has a lot of research on the matter. In South Jakarta, there are some specific high school students almost every year are involved in the brawl between students, but there is also a school which was often involved brawl, within a certain time becomes no longer brawl. But on the other hand, there are schools that initially was never brawl, became involved fighting between students in recent years. It is considered the collective hostility in the form of latent hostility turned into an actual character, so that the resulting brawl between students.

One of the schools that the level of involvement of students in the brawl is T Vocational High School (SMK NT) South Jakarta, but the situation changed in 2006, because of too many school activities that boast result in reduced free time and forgets the brawl. On the other hand C Senior High School (SMA NC) South Jakarta that students initially did not brawl, since 2007 involved in brawl. According to Deputy Head of the School of Public Relations patrols due to decreased activity by the teachers, so that their leisure times increases and the resulting brawl.

Analysis and Testing that has been done on this aspect Fighting Experience, a group of students SMK T has an enemy whose numbers are smaller than the group of high school students of State C. From the result of analysis on aspects of school actions, group SMK T familiarize consistent in the application of rules and sanctions, so that the teachers believe their students to avoid the clash. Meanwhile, the SMA Group C schools know their students who do brawl, then the reproduced overcome school activities such as arts and sports. From these explanations, there is a link between the activities of schools and teachers as a form of social control students with student involvement in the brawl between students."

"Penerapan e-Government (e-gov) sudah menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dihindari di dalam organisasi publik pada saat ini. Masih banyak organisasi publik di Indonesia belum maksimal dalam menerapkan e-gov, disebabkan oleh keterbatasan kompetensi sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur. Akan tetapi, data lengkap mengenai penerapan e-gov di Indonesia belum tersedia dengan sahih, sehingga pemerintah memandang perlu untuk melakukan pemeringkatan e-gov Indonesia (PEGI). Terdapat banyak model pemeringkatan e-gov selain PEGI antara lain United Nations E-government Survey dan Waseda University. Akan tetapi, semua model tersebut tidak secara holistik dengan pendekatan yang disampaikan David Darcy, yaitu menjadikan elemen politik sebagai salah satu dari delapan elemen yang diperhitungkan. Untuk itu, Pendekatan Darcy dipandang mampu mengakomodasi kondisi di Indonesia saat ini yang nuansa lingkungan politiknya perlu menjadi salah satu elemen yang diperhitungkan. Dalam melakukan analisa penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamik.Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa penerapan e-gov di ke tiga kementerian yang diteliti masih didominasi oleh elemen stakeholder dari ke depalan elemen Pendekatan Darcy. Disebabkan adanya perbedaan karakteristik ketiga kementerian tersebut, dinamika penerapan e-gov juga bervariasi. Pada Kementerian Koordinator Perekonomian, tingkat transparansi adalah elemen yang paling mendukung tingkat kepercayaan stakeholder yang dikikuti oleh elemenelemen lainnya. Pada Kementerian Keuangan, kompetensi pimpinan merupakan elemen yang dapat mendorong tingkat kepercayaan stakeholder. Kementerian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi, kompetensi pimpinan dalam mengelola teknologi yang dengan melibatkan stakeholder secara maksimal, dimana dalam Pendekatan Darcy terdapat unsur yang penting yaitu dukungan politik yang dapat mempengaruhi terpotong atau tidaknya rantai transaksi dalam proses pelayanan ataupun birokrasi agar sesuai dengan filosofi e-government.

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E-Government implementation was needed in public organization. Today, many public organizations in Indonesia did not implement e-government because of the limitations of human resource competency and infrastructure. Beside it, there is no actual and valid data about e-gov implementation in Indonesia, so that Indonesia government saw the needs to rate Indonesia e-government through PEGI ?Pemeringkatan E-Government Indonesia?. There are many e-government rating survey models except PEGI, such as United Nations E-Government Survey and Waseda University. Nevertheless, all those models were not more holistic than Darcy Approach because Darcy's Approach enacted political environment as the important element besides the other seven elements. Political environment so relevant with Indonesia?s current situations. This study used dynamic system approach to analyze the data.

The findings of the study showed that from eight elements of Darcy's Approach, stakeholder dominated those three ministries on e-government. The differences were found based on the differences in characteristics of those three ministries. Beside it, the study found dynamics e-government implementation. In Coordinating Ministry for The Economy Affairs, transparency level gave maximum support for stakeholder element. In Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, leadership competency pushed the stakeholder element to e-government implementation. Political environment element in Darcy's Approach was one of important element to release transactional cost of public services process and in line with e-government objectives. "

"ABSTRAKJumlah anak autis di Indonesia terus meningkat tahun 2010 1: 300 dantahun 2015 di setiap 250 kelahiran ada 1 anak yang lahir autis. Anak autis masihdianggap sebagai pihak ketiga (third party) sekaligus stressor bagi keluarga.Kestabilan kondisi keluarga seperti ini sulit untuk dicapai sebab ada sebuahuncertainty (ketidakpastian) kapan kondisi ini akan berakhir dan memang tidakada jaminan kapan anak autis akan menjadi mandiri. Inilah yang memicuketegangan hubungan spouse maupun parenting dalam hubungan segitiga(triangle relationship). Sehingga penelitian ini ingin memaparkan pola dialektikahubungan interpersonal dalam keluarga dengan anak autis dan melihat bagaimanamereka menegosiasikan kontradiksi tersebut dalam mencapai suasana yangkondusif (harmonis) di sistem keluarganya. Relational dialectics theorydigunakan untuk menjelaskan kontradiksi dan dialektika hubungan interpersonalini. Metode Interpretative Phenomenologycal Analysis digunakan untuk melihatpola dialektika keluarga autis dari penuturan pengalaman masing-masing anggotakeluarga non autis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi ketidakseimbangan dalam polahubungan interpersonal keluarga dengan anak autis yang memiliki sistem tertutuptetapi bukan berarti mengarah ke centrifugal karena tergantung pada autisticchild background, personal background, family background dan beliefsbackground seperti respon cepat ?bangkit? (resilience) dari kesedihan, menerimadengan ikhlas, bersyukur, pasrah ketika usaha sudah maksimal, tidakmenyalahkan diri sendiri ataupun pasangan, semua respon tersebut lebihmengarahkan ke keharmonisan (centripetal) antar individu dalam keluarga dengananak autis. Budaya patriarki masih terlihat di mana bapak berkorban finansialsedangkan ibu berkorban tenaga. Menariknya, walaupun ibu mengeluarkan tenagayang besar untuk anak autisnya tetapi ketika bapak hanya memberikan sedikitperhatian terhadap ibu dengan mengajak jalan/makan, menonton bioskop berduaataupun mengucapkan ?tidak usah bangun terlalu pagi untuk memasak? karenabapak tahu lelahnya ibu, hal itu mampu ?meluruhkan? beban berat dan?menentramkan? perasaan ibu yang seharian mengurus anak autisnya

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ABSTRACTNumber of children with autism in Indonesia continues to increase with the trendin 2010. 1:300 and 2015 in every 250 births there was one autistic child born.Children with autism are still regarded as a third party once the stressor forfamilies. The stability of autistic family are difficult to be achieved because thereis an uncertainty such as when these conditions will end and there is no guaranteewhen the autistic child will become independent. These conditions cause tensionin spouse or parenting relationships or in the triangular relationship. Thus, thisstudy aims to expose the pattern of interpersonal relationships dialectic in familieswith an autistic child and see how they negotiate the contradiction in achieving aconducive atmosphere (harmony) in the family system. Relational DialecticsTheory is used to explain the contradictions and their dialectics. InterpretativePhenomenologycal Analysis is used to see a pattern of relational dialectic inautism families from the non-autistic family members? narrative about theirexperience.The results showed there was imbalance relationships pattern in closed familysystem with autistic child but it did not mean that it was centrifugal because itdepends on autistic child background, personal background, family backgroundand beliefs background such as rapid response to resilience, accept willingly, begrateful, be resigned when efforts have the maximum, do not blame yourself oryour partner, all the responses are more directed to harmony (centripetal) amongindividuals in families with an autistic child. Patriarchal culture is still visiblewhere the father is more sacrifice financially while the mother sacrificesphysically. Interestingly, although mothers expend so much time and energy toher autistic child, but when the father paid little attention to the mother by takingthe road/dining together, watch the movie or just saying the words "do not have toget up too early to cook" because father knows how exhausted mother is, it hasbeen able to "shed" a heavy burden and to "pacify" the mother feeling taking careof children with autism all day."

"ABSTRAKFokus disertasi ini melakukan analisis struktur jaringan komunikasi dalam gerakan sosiallingkungan pada komunitas adat Samin di Pati Jawa Tengah, khususnya analisis faktor-faktoryang mempengaruhi sentralitas jaringan komunikasi dan kontribusinya untuk mendorongpartisipasi masyarakat dalam suatu gerakan sosial lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, mencakup analisis struktur jaringan komunikasi denganUCINET dan analisis statistik dengan Path Analysis. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkanbahwa (1) struktur jaringan yang terbentuk pada Komunitas Adat Samin di Dukuh Bombong,terkait isu rencana pendirian pabrik semen memiliki kohesifitas yang rendah, pola jaringankomunikasi yang terbentuk menyebar dan mengalami fragmentasi, (2) faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi tingkat sentralitas jaringan yaitu persepsi individu dan tingkat politicalengagement, (3) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi dalam gerakan sosialyaitu tingkat political engagement, tingkat keterlibatan dalam afiliasi, dan tingkat sentralitas.Dengan demikian, terbukti bahwa sentralitas jaringan komunikasi memiliki pengaruhterhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam gerakan sosial ?tolak pabrik semen?.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this dissertation is to analyze the structure of the communication networks in theenvironmental social movement in Samin indigenous communities in Pati, Central Java, toanalyze the factors affecting communication networks centrality and its contribution topromote public participation in a enviromental movement. This study used quantitative andqualitative approach, used structural analysis with UCINET communications networks andstatistical analysis with Path Analysis. The results of this study showed that (1) networkstructure formed in Samin Indigenous Communities related to the establishment of cementfactory had a low cohesiveness, patterns communication networks had a spread andfragmented shaped, (2) factors that affect the level of the centrality of the network that is theperception of the individual and the level of political engagement, (3) the factors thatinfluence the level of participation in social movements, namely the level of politicalengagement, the level of involvement in the affiliate, and the degree of centrality. Thus, it isevident that the centrality of communication networks had an influence on people'sparticipation in social movements "Tolak Pabrik Semen"."