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"Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir,beberapa algoritma yang efektif untuk memecahkan masalah penjadualan dengan sumber daya yang terbatas telah diusulkan.Hal ini berdasarkan pentingnya masalah optimasi kombinatorial untuk ilmiah dan dunia industri.Bagaimanapun tantangan yang alami nya dirangkum dalam satus kuatnya NP-hard,membatasi efektivitas optimasi yang tepat untuk kasus yang relatif kecil.Elektromagnetism adalah populasi berbasis metaheuristik yang telah diusulkan untuk memecahkan masalah efektivitas yang terus-menerus. Untuk memecahkan masalah masalah ini kami menggunakan metaheuristik yang baru yang mengaplikasikan metodologi elektromagnetism untuk memecahkan masalah meminimalkan penalti atas kecepatan dan keterlambatan yang terjadi. Sepengetahuan kami,hanya ada sedikit penelitian untuk memecahkan masalah optimasi kombinatorial dengan elektromagnetism. Penelitian ini mencoba menggunakan konsep acak menggabungkan dengan elektromagnetism algoritma untuk mendapatkan skedul yang terbaik atau optimal untuk masalah meminimalkan penalti atas kecepatan dan keterlambatan yang terjadi. Pendekatan ini mencoba untuk mencapai efek konvergensi dan keragaman ketika proses iteratif diterapkan untuk memecahkan masalah.

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In the last few decades,several effective algorithms for solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem have been proposed. This is due to the importance of combinatorial optimization problems for the scientific as well as the industrial world. However, the challenging nature of this problem,summarised in its strongly NP-hard status,restricts the effectiveness of exact optimisation to relatively small instances.

Electromagnetism-like algorithm (EM) is a population-based meta-heuristic which has been proposed to solve continuous problems effectively.To solving this problem we using a new metaheuristic that applies the EM methodology to minimizing aeliness and tardiness penalties problem. To the best of our knowledge, there are only few researches in solving the combinatorial optimization problem (COP) by EM.

This research attempts to employ the random-key concept combining with Electromagnetism algorithm to obtain the best/optimal schedule for minimizing aeliness and tardiness penalties problems. This approach attempts to achieve the convergence and diversity effects when it is iteratively applied to solve the problem."

"This book presents a model of electromagnetic (EM) information leakage based on electromagnetic and information theory. It discusses anti-leakage, anti-interception and anti-reconstruction technologies from the perspectives of both computer science and electrical engineering. In the next five years, the threat posed by EM information leakage will only become greater, and the demand for protection will correspondingly increase.The book systematically introduces readers to the theory of EM information leakage and the latest technologies and measures designed to counter it, and puts forward an EM information leakage model that has established the foundation for new research in this area, paving the way for new technologies to counter EM information leakage. As such, it offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers and engineers involved in EM information leakage and countermeasures."

"This textbook presents the theory of classical fields as a mathematical structure based solidly on laboratory experiments. Here the student is introduced to the beauty of classical field theory as a gem of theoretical physics. To keep the discussion fluid, the history is placed in a beginning chapter and some of the mathematical proofs in the appendices. Chapters on Green’s Functions and Laplace’s Equation and a discussion of Faraday’s Experiment further deepen the understanding. The chapter on Einstein’s relativity is an integral necessity to the text. Finally, chapters on particle motion and waves in a dispersive medium complete the picture. High quality diagrams and detailed end-of-chapter questions enhance the learning experience."

"This book provides the latest and most comprehensive research on asymptotic and hybrid methods in electromagnetics, and offers guidance on how to apply multipole and asymptotic methods to solve diffraction problems."