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"Latar Belakang: Ikterus obstruktif merupakan salah satu komplikasi tersering keganasan sistem bilier. Keadaan ini akan memicu pelepasan sitokin proinflamasi. Terdapat kontroversi mengenai pengaruh drainase bilier terhadap perubahan kadar sitokin proinflamasi pada penderita kanker pankreatobilier.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kadar Tumor Necrosis Faktor alfa (TNF-alfa) dan Interleukin 6 (IL6) sebelum dan sesudah Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) atau Percutaneus Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) pada penderita ikterus obstruksi etiologi kanker pankreatobilier.Metode: Desain penelitian adalah one group before after study. Pemilihan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Sampel darah diambil sebelum dan lima hari sesudah ERCP atau PTBD. Pengukuran kadar TNF-alfa dan IL-6 dengan cara Enzyme Linked Immunosorbed Assay (ELISA).Hasil: Terdapat 40 orang responden yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini, 22 laki laki dan 18 perempuan dengan usia rata rata 55,3 tahun. Berdasarkan imaging dan endoskopi, ditegakkan diagnosis kolangiokarsinoma sebanyak 22 orang, tumor ampula Vateri 10 orang, dan tumor pankreas 8 orang. Kadar rata-rata TNF- alfa sebelum tindakan 4,81 (2,91) pg/ml dan sesudah tindakan 8,05 (6,7) pg/ml, terdapat peningkatan yang bermakna setelah tindakan drainase bilier (p:0,02). Kadar rata-rata IL-6 sebelum tindakan 7,79 (1,57) pg/ml dan sesudah tindakan 7,75 (1,76) pg/ml, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna setelah tindakan drainase bilier (p:0.52). Kadar rata-rata bilirubin sebelum tindakan 15,5 mg% dan sesudah tindakan 11,3 mg%.Simpulan: Terjadi peningkatan kadar rata-rata TNF-alfa secara bermakna setelah drainase. Tidak ada penurunan yang bermakna kadar rata-rata IL-6.

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Background: Obstructive jaundice represents the most common complication of biliary tract malignancy. Obstructive jaundice causes releases of proinflammatory cytokine. There has been controversy about effect of biliary drainage on the change in proinflammatory cytokine level in pancreatobiliary cancer patients.Objective: The present study was designed to determine levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-Alpha) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in preprocedure of either Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) or Percutaneus Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) and postprocedure of them in obstructive jaundice patient caused by pancreatobiliary cancer.Methods : The study method is before- and- after case study design with consecutive sampling. Blood was collected five days prior to either Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) procedure or Percutaneus Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) procedure and five days after either of them. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbed Assay (ELISA) was used to determine TNF-Alpha and IL-6.Results: Forty subjects were included in this study which consisted of 22 men and 18 women. The mean age was 55.3 years old. According to the results of imaging and endoscopy procedure, twenty two (22) people were diagnosed cholangi carcinoma, ten (10) people were diagnosed ampulla varteri and eigth (8) people were diagnosed pancreatic tumor. In preprocedure, the mean of TNF-Alpha concentration was 4.81 (2.91) pg/mL, the mean of IL-6 concentration was 7.79 (1.57) pg/mL and the mean of bilirubin concentration was 15.5 mg%. In postprocedure, the mean of TNF-Alpha concentration was 8.05 (6.7) pg/mL, there was significant increase in TNF-Alpha concentration (p:0.02). However, the mean of IL-6 concentration was 7.75 (1.76) pg/mL, there was not any significant chance in IL-6 concentration (p:0.52). The mean of bilirubin concentration was 11.3 mg%.Conclusions: On one hand, there was significant increase in mean concentration value of TNF-Alpha after biliary drainage procedure. On the other hand there was not any significant decrease in mean concentration value of IL-6 after biliary drainage procedure."

"Obstructive: jaundice represents the most common complication of biliary tract Malignancy. Obstructive jaundice causes releases of proinflammatory cytokine. There has been controversy about effect of biliary drainage on the change in proinflammatory cytokine level in pancreatobiliary cancer patients. The present study was designed to determine levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alfa) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in preprocedure of either endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and postprocedure of them in obstructive jaundice patient caused by pancreatobiliary cancer.Method: The study method was before-and-after case study design with consecutive sampling. Blood was collected five days prior to either endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) procedure or percutaneus transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) procedure and five days after either of them. Enzyme linked immunosorbed assay (ELISA) was used to determine TNF-alfa and IL-6.Results: Forty subjects were included in this study which consisted of 22 men and 18 women. The age was 55.3 (SD 13.7) years old. According to the results of imaging and endoscopy procedure, twenty-two people were diagnosed cholangicarcinoma, ten people were diagnosed ampulla vateri and eigth people were diagnosed pancreatic tumor. In preprocedure, the TNF-alfa concentration was 4.81 (SD 2.91) pg/mL, the IL-6 concentration was 7.79 (SD 1.57) pg/mL and the bilirubin concentration was 15.5 (SD 6,9) mg%. In postprocedure, the TNF-alfa concentration was 8.05 (SD 6.7) pg/mL, there was a significant increase in TNF-alfa concentration (p = 0.02). However, IL-6 concentration was 7.75 (SD 1.76) pg/mL, there was not any significant chance in IL-6 concentration (p = 0.52). The bilirubin concentration was 11.3 (SD 6,5) mg%.Conclusion: There was a significant increase in mean concentration value of TNF-alfa after biliary drainage procedure. On the other hand there was not any significant decrease in the mean concentration value of IL-6 after biliary drainage procedure"

"Diabetes melitus merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius dan menurut survei PAPDI (1993) menempati urutan nomor lima sebagai penyebab ra\'vat inap1. Berdasarkan surYei epidemiologis, kekerapan diabetes melitus di Indonesia berkisar 1,4%-2,3% 2. Sejak ditemukannya insulin oleh Banting dan Best pada tahun 1921, komplikasi diabetes melitus berangsur-angsur bergeser ke komplikasi menahun. lmpotensi merupak.an salah sa tu komplikasi menahun diabetes melitus. lmpotensi adalah suatu keadaan ketidakmampuan penis untuk ereksi baik parsial maupun menyeluruh dan atau mem.pertahankannya agar dapat penetrasi ke dalam vagina 3. Penelitian yang dilal.-ukan The h1assachussets h1ale Aging Study (MMAS) pada tahun 1987-1989 yang melibatkan 1290 orang, mendapatkan angka kejadian impotensi 5% - 15% pada pria sehat usia 40 - 70 tahun. Angka ini menjadi 3 kali lipat apabila menderita diabetes melitus4. Penelitian di Indonesia yang melibatkan subyek dalam jumlah besar belum ada. Ian Effendi dkk5, mendapatkan angka kejadia11 impotensi pada pasien diabetes melitus sebesar 43% sedangkan Nasution AW dkk6, mendapatkan angka sebesar 46%. Angka yang tepat sukar ditentukan karena kelainan ini, apabila ti.dak ditanyakan, tidak selalu dikemukak.an pasien karena malu. Meskipun demikian, tidak jarang bahwa in1potensi merupakan keluhan utama yang membawa pasien maupun istrinya mengunjungi dokter.

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Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem and according to the PAPDI survey (1993) ranks number five as a cause of hospitalization1. Based on epidemiological surveys, the frequency of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is around 1.4% -2.3% 2. Since the discovery of insulin by Banting and Best in 1921, diabetes mellitus complications have gradually shifted to chronic complications. Impotence is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Impotence is a condition of the inability of the penis to erect either partially or completely and/or maintain it so that it can penetrate into the vagina. 3. Research carried out by The Massachusetts Age Aging Study (MMAS) in 1987-1989 involving 1290 people, found an incidence of impotence of 5% - 15% in healthy men aged 40 - 70 years. This figure triples if you suffer from diabetes mellitus4. There is no research in Indonesia involving large numbers of subjects. Ian Effendi et al5, found that the incidence rate of impotence in diabetes mellitus patients was 43%, while Nasution AW et al6, obtained a figure of 46%. The exact figure is difficult to determine because this disorder, if not asked, is not always brought up by the patient because of embarrassment. However, it is not uncommon for in1potency to be the main complaint that brings the patient and his wife to visit the doctor."