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"Tujuan : Mengetahui apakah HTA Indonesia 2003 sudah berjalan di departemen bedah RSCM dan mengetahui pengeluaran pemeriksaan rutin yang mungkin bisa ditekan. Meningkatkan kemampuan pemeriksaan fisik dan memilih pemeriksaan prabedah lebih selektif dan efisien.Tempat : Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo.Metodologi : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dan data disajikan dalam bentuk deskripif. Sebanyak 106 pasien diambil datanya dari status pasien yang masih dirawat (44 orang) dan dari status pasien rawat jalan (62 orang). Pengambilan subjek dengan consecutive sampling untuk yang masih dirawat dan acak sederhana pada pasien rawat jalan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik pasien, sebaran penyakit/kelainan sitemik, sebaran pasien pra dan pascabedah, komplikasi pascabedah, permintaan foto toraks sesuai HTA dan rutin berikut biaya, penyakit sistemik yang mendasari pemeriksaan fate toraks, pemeriksaan darah rutin, pemeriksaan BTICT sesuai HTA dan rutin berikut biaya, pemeriksaan kimia darah sesuai HTA dan rutin berikut biaya, pemeriksaan foto torak dan darah sesuai HTA dan rutin.Hasil : Berdasarkan karakteristik pasien kelompok yang sehat lebih banyak dari pasien dengan kelainan sistemik. Penyakitlkelainan sistemik terbanyak adalah kardiopulmonal diikuti tuberculosis dan anemia. Prabedah dalam kondisi baik dan tidak ada komplikasi pasca bedah. Terdapat perbedaan foto toraks HTA dan rutin ( 21 dan 85 dengan biaya Rp.1.050.000 dan Rp.4.250.000). Terdapat perbedaan pemeriksaan BTICT HTA dan rutin (2 dan 104 dengan biaya Rp.30.000 dan Rp.1.560.000). Terdapat perbedaan pemeriksaan kimia darah HTA dan rutin dengan biaya Rp.2.175.000 dan Rp.6.993.500 dan pemeriksaan kimia darah dan foto toraks menurut HTA dan rutin: 7 dan 99 dengan biaya Rp 2.525.000 dan Rp 12.803.500.Kesimpulan : Pemeriksaan prabedah sesuai HTA belum berjalan.pemeriksaan rutin masih dominan dengan selisih biaya tiga sampai enam kali lebih mahal dari pemeriksaan sesuai HTA dan juga tidak efisien karena tidak terdapat komplikasi pascabedah.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to know whether HTA Indonesia 2003 had been performed in the department of surgery RSCM and to know how much its cost for the preoperative routine examination. To improve physical examination and selective choosing preoperative examination based on physical findings.

Place: Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Method: The design was descriptive and cross-sectional retrospective study. There was 44 patients in the ward room and 62 patients at out patience clinics all taken from the status. The sample was taken with consecutive sampling for patients who still in the ward and simple random for patients at out patients clinics. Data collected were characteristics of the patients, systemic diseases, preoperative and postoperative, complications, chest x-ray according HTA and routine with its cost, chest x-ray with systemic diseases, routine blood test, coagulation test, blood chemistry test routine and HTA, blood test and chest x-ray routine and HTA.

Results: Most patients were in good conditions. Sistemic disesase were cardiopulmonal, tuberculosis, and anemia_ Preoperative were in good conditions and there were no complications. There were differences between HTA and routine chest x-ray (21 and 85 with the cost Rp 1.050.000 and Rp 4.250.000), HTA and routine coagulation test were 2 and 104 with the cost Rp 30.000 and Rp 1.560.000, HTA and routine blood chemistry test were Rp.2.175.000 and Rp.6.993.000, HTA and routine chest x-ray and blood chemistry test were 7 and 99 with cost Rp 2.525.000 and Rp 12.803.500.

Conclusions: HTA preoperative examination had not been performed yet, routine preoperative test were dominant and were cost three and six times more expensive than HTA. There were no complications postoperatively, so routine preoperative test should be considered."

"ABSTRAKSakarin banyak digunakan di berbagai industri. Selain digunakan pada industri sakarin juga diderivatisasi dan diuji aktivitas biologisnya, seperti antioksidan, antibakteri, antikanker, dan antiinflamasi. Basa Mannich diketahui dapat meningkatkan berbagai aktivitas biologis. Salah satu amin yang digunakan untuk mensintesis basa Mannich adalah 2,6-dimetilmorfolin yang menunjukkan profil farmakologis dengan spektrum luas. Derivatisasi sakarin dengan basa Mannich memiliki potensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan, selain itu derivatisasi sakarin belum banyak dilakukan sehingga perlu digali lebih lanjut. Eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh derivat sakarin yang tersubstitusi basa mannich 2,6-dimetilmorfolin. Sintesis derivat sakarin dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaksi Mannich, dengan 2,6-dimetilmorfolin dan 4-metoksibenzaldehid. Hasil sintesis berupa cairan kental berwarna kuning cerah dengan rendemen crude 89,67 . Produk hasil sintesis lalu dimurnikan dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif dengan hasil rendemen 5,64 . Uji kemurnian dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis dan densitometri. Setelah itu strukturnya dielusidasi menggunakan spektrofotometri FTIR dan spektrofotometri 1H-NMR. Hasil interpretasi spektrofotometri FTIR menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktur dari senyawa pemula, namun interpretasi spektrum 1H-NMR berbeda dengan apa yang diprediksi. Berdasarkan data yang didapat, hasil sintesis sudah terbentuk namun kurang stabil dan diduga terurai kembali.

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ABSTRACTSaccharin is widely used in many industries. Besides being used in the industry, saccharin also derivatized and being tested for its biological activity, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiinflammation. The Mannich base is known to enhance various biological activities. One of the amines used to synthesize a potent Mannich base is 2,6 dimethylmorpholine which exhibits a broad spectrum pharmacological profile. The derivatization of saccharine with Mannich base has high potential to be developed. Besides derivatization of saccharin has not been done so much and need to be explored further. This experiment aims to obtain a derivate of substituted saccharine with mannich 2,6 dimethyl morpholine. Synthesis of saccharin derivatives was performed using Mannich 39 s reaction, with 2,6 dimethylmorpholine and 4 methoxybenzaldehyde. The result of synthesis is bright yellow liquid with yield of crude 89,67 . The synthesis product was then purified by preparative thin layer chromatography with yield of 5.64 . The purity test was performed using thin layer chromatography and densitometry. After that the structure was elucidated using FTIR spectrophotometry and 1H NMR spectrophotometry. The results of the FTIR spectrophotometric interpretation indicate a structural change of the compound, but the interpretation of the 1H NMR spectrum is different from what was predicted. Based on the data obtained, the synthesis results are formed but less stable and allegedly decomposed again."

"Konversi luka bakar merupakan perubahan zona kedalaman dari dangkal menjadi dalam pada 3–7 hari pasca luka bakar. Saat ini, proses autofagi, inflamasi, iskemia, infeksi, dan reactive oxygen species dianggap berperan dalam patogenesis konversi luka bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor risiko terjadinya konversi luka bakar pada pasien dewasa dan mengembangkan sistem skor untuk memprediksi kejadian konversi luka bakar sebagai acuan tatalaksana konservatif dan operatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode nested case control pada pasien luka bakar dewasa yang dirawat di Unit Luka Bakar RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Subjek direkrut dengan metode consecutive sampling pada Februari 2019–Agustus 2020. Faktor risiko yang diteliti adalah karakteristik klinis, pemeriksaan klinis lokal, dan pemeriksaan klinis sistemik. Faktor risiko dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat regresi logistik.Terdapat 40 subjek kelompok kasus dan 20 subjek kelompok kontrol. Luka bakar di regio trunkus (OR = 3,67; p = 0,028), regio tungkai (OR = 6,93; p = 0,001), luas luka bakar yang dihitung dengan ImageJ ³ 9,49 %TBSA (OR = 32,11 p < 0,001), suhu permukaan luka yang diukur dengan termografi FLIR ONE® ≤ -1,55 oC (OR = 13,78; p < 0,001), kadar prokalsitonin ≥ 0,075 ng/mL (OR = 12; p < 0,001), dan kadar laktat darah ≥ 1,75 mmol/L (OR = 7; p = 0,001) memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan konversi luka bakar. Dikembangkan 3 model konversi luka bakar dari variabel bermakna. Model 1 diterapkan di fasilitas kesehatan tersier dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sebesar 92,5% dan 85% (IK95% 0,835–1,00; p < 0,001). Model 2 dan 3 dapat diterapkan di fasilitas kesehatan primer dan sekunder dengan model 2 memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sebesar 95% dan 70% (IK95% 0,830– 1,00; p < 0,001) dan model 3 memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sebesar 92,5% dan 85% (IK95% 0,832–1,00; p < 0,001). Model skor yang dibuat dapat dipertimbangkan digunakan dalam praktek seharihari terutama sebagai acuan tatalaksana konservatif dan operatif.

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Burns are a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Burn wound conversion describes the process by which superficial-partial thickness burns convert into deeper burns within 3–7 days after the burn. Currently, autophagy, inflammation, ischemia, infection, and reactive oxygen species are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of burn wound conversion. This study aims to assess risk factors for burn wound conversion and develop a scoring system to predict burn conversion as a reference for burn wound management.

The study was conducted using the nested case control method, in adult burn patients who were treated at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling method in February 2019–August 2020. The role of clinical characteristics, local clinical examination, and systemic examination as predictors of burn wound conversion were assessed. The risk factors were analyzed using bivariate and logistic regression multivariate analysis.

There were 40 subjects in case group and 20 subjects in control group. Involvement of trunk (OR = 3.67; p = 0.028), limbs (OR = 6.93; p = 0.001), burn extent measured using ImageJ ³ 9.49 %TBSA (OR = 32.11 p < 0.001), wound surface temperature measured using FLIR ONE® thermography ≤ -1.55 oC (OR = 13.78; p < 0.001), procalsitonin level ≥ 0.075 ng/mL (OR = 12; p < 0.001), dan blood lactate level ≥ 1.75 mmol/L (OR = 7; p = 0.001) had significant relationship with burn wound conversion. Three scoring models were developed based on the significant variables with model 1 to be applied in tertiary health facilities and model 2 and 3 to be applied in primary and secondary health facilities with sensitivity and specificity of 92.5% and 85% (95% CI 0.835–1,00; p < 0.001)), 95% and 70% (95% CI 0.830–1.00; p < 0.001) and 92,5% and 85% (95% CI 0.832–1.00; p < 0.001), respectively).

The scoring models can be considered to be used in daily practice, especially as a reference for conservative and operative management."