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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempeiajari konsumsi glukosa. aktivitas spesifik LDHdan pola isozim LDH pada kondisi hipoksia sistemik kronik. Penelitian dilakukanterhadap hati tikus yang diinduksi hipoksia sistemik kronik 1, 3. 7 dan 14 hari.Konsumsi glukosa diukur dengan metode enzimatik Trlnder. Aktivitas spesiflk LDHdiukur dengan metode German Society of Clinical Chemistry (DGKC). Poia isozimLDH dianaJisis dengan eJektroforesis Titan Gel. Hasil peneHtian menunjukkan bahwakonsumsi g!ukosa pada hipoksia sistemik kronik cenderung rneningkat walaupuntidak. berbeda dengan kontrol. Aktivitas spesIfik LDH ditemukan paling tinggi padahipoksia 3 hari sedangkan pola elektroforesis isozim LDH menunjukkan perbeda.anpada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 hipoksia dengan kontroL Tidak terdapat hubungan antarakonsumsi glukosa dengan aktivitas spesifik LDH.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to observe glucose consumption, specific activity ofLDH and electrophoretic LDH isoenzyme patterns on systemic chronic hypoxia. Thestudy was carried out with Jiver tissue of rats exposed to systemic hypoxia for 3, 7and 14 days. Glucose consumption was measured by Trinder method. The specificactivity ofLDH was performed using Gcnnan Society of Clinical Chemistry (DGKC)method, while LDH isoenzyme patterns were analyzed using Titcm Gelelectrophoresis, Results indicated that glucose consumption showed tendencies toincrease compared to control group, although the difference were not sigr.itlcant. Thespecific activity of LDH was highest on day 3 of the hypoxic group. Electrophoreticpatterns of LDH isoenzyme showed differences on day 3 and day 7 of hypoxia withcontroL It is concluded that glucose consumption is not related to specific activity ofLDH."

"Latar Belakang: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resisten terhadap obat, menyebabkan infeksi kesehatan. Resistensi terhadap terapi pilihan meropenem merupakan ancaman serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan konsentrasi hambat minimum meropenem (KHM), perubahan ekspresi gen ampC, mexA, dan oprD, serta korelasi antara KHM dengan ekspresi gen ampC, mexA, dan oprD sesudah paparan meropenem.Metode: Digunakan sepuluh isolat P. aeruginosa dari Departemen Mikrobiologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Sesudah bakteri terbukti peka terhadap meropenem secara fenotip, gen resistensi intrinsik dideteksi menggunakan PCR. Sesudah paparan meropenem pada hari ke 5 dan 12 dilakukan uji kepekaan dengan metode gradien konsentrasi dan deteksi RNA menggunakan real-time RT-PCR.Hasil: Semua isolat P. aeruginosa yang peka secara fenotip terhadap meropenem mempunyai gen ampC, mexA, dan oprD. Peningkatan KHM, peningkatan ekspresi gen ampC dan mexA, dan penurunan ekspresi gen oprD diamati sesudah paparan meropenem. Terdapat korelasi yang sangat kuat dan signifikan (p ≤ 0,05) antara KHM dan ekspresi gen oprD sesudah hari ke-12 paparan meropenem.Kesimpulan: Meskipun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada ekspresi gen KHM dan ampC, mexA, dan oprD antara hari ke-5 dan hari ke-12, namun terdapat korelasi yang sangat kuat dan signifikan antara ekspresi gen KHM dan oprD pada hari ke-12 (p≤ 0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan ekspresi gen oprD berpotensi meningkatkan resistensi meropenem pada P. aeruginosa.......Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, drug-resistant, causes health infections. Resistance to the preferred therapy meropenem is a serious threat. This study aimed to analyze changes in meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), changes in ampC, mexA, and oprD gene expression, and the correlation between MIC and ampC, mexA, and oprD gene expression after meropenem exposure.Methods: Ten isolates of P. aeruginosa from the Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia were used. After the bacteria were shown to be sensitive to meropenem phenotypically, intrinsic resistance genes were detected using PCR. After meropenem exposure on Days 5 and 12, sensitivity testing was carried out with the concentration gradient method and RNA was detected using real-time RT-PCR.Results: All P. aeruginosa isolates that were phenotypically sensitive to meropenem had the ampC, mexA, and oprD genes. An increase in MIC, an increase in ampC and mexA gene expression, and a decrease in oprD gene expression were observed after meropenem exposure. There was a very strong and significant correlation (p ≤ 0.05) between MIC and oprD gene expression after Day 12 of meropenem exposure.Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences in MIC and ampC, mexA, and oprD gene expression between Day 5 and Day 12, there was a very strong and significant correlation between MIC and oprD gene expression on Day 12 (p≤ 0.05). This indicates that decreasing oprD gene expression has the potential to increase meropenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa."