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"Pencemaran udara merupakan masalah yang terjadi di kota besar seperti Jakarta, dimana hal ini dapat menyebabkan timbulnya gangguan kesehatan pada manusia. Gangguan kesehatan berupa penyakit saluran pernafasan yang dapat terjadi antara lain adalah penyakit ISPA, Bronkitis dan Asma.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kecenderungan kejadian pencemaran udara dan kecenderungan penyakit pernafasan serta untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi pencemaran udara dengan kejadian penyakit saluran pernafasan di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2003-2004. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan disain studi ekologi.Konsentrasi rata-rata tahunan zat pencemar udara adalah SO2 (4,9 ppb), NO2 (26,5 ppb), NO adalah (40,1ppb), NOx ( 64,8 ppb) dan partikulat (TSP) (92,79 ug/m3) . Rate penyakit saluran pernafasan per 100.000 penduduk memiliki rata-rata untuk ISPA adalah 1682,2, bronkitis 18,3 dan asma 56,3. Hubungan yang signifikan terjadi di beberapa kecamatan. Parameter yang signifikan di beberapa kecamatan adalah SO2 dengan ISPA, SO2 dengan bronkitis, NO dengan bronkitis, NO dengan asma, dan NOx dengan ISPA.Kejadian penyakit saluran pernafasan kemungkinan disebabkan oleh pencemaran udara Penanggulangan dapat dilakukan dengan penyediaan transportasi umum yang nyaman dan substitusi bahan bakar kendaraan dengan bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan serta pengaturan tata guna lahan dan tata ruang perkotaan.Daftar Pustaka : 47 (1993-2004)

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The Correlation Between Ambient Air Quality and Cases of Acute Respiratory Infection, Bronchitis, and Asthma in DKI Jakarta During 2003 ? 2004 (An Ecological Study in 15 Sub Districts)Air pollution is a problem commonly in large cities such as Jakarta and cause various respiratory problems such as acute respiratory infections (ARI), bronchitis, and asthma.

This study aims to determine the concentration of air pollution and the tendency of respiratory problems, as well as to determine the correlation between concentration of air pollution and incidence of respiratory infections in DKI Jakarta during 2003-2004. This study is descriptive in nature and is an ecological study in design.

The air pollutants annual are SO2 (concentration of 4.9 ppb), NO2 (26.5 ppb), NO (40,.ppb), NOx ( 64.8 ppb) and particulate matter (TSP) (92.79 uglm3) . The average rate of incidence per 100.000 people is 1682,2 for ART, 18,3 for bronchitis and 56,3 for asthma. Significant correlation of parameters in several districts are SO2 with ARI, SO2 with bronchitis, NO with bronchitis, NO with asthma, and NOx with ARI.

Respiratory problem are caused by air pollution. Means to minimize the number of cases include a better arrangement of land use, the available of pubic transport and substituting gasoline fuel with environment friendly fuel.

Bibliography: 47 (1993-2004)"

"Caring dalam keperawatan adalah hal yang sangat mendasar, caring merupakan "heart" profesi, artinya sebagai komponen yang fundamental dan fokus sentral serta unik dari keperawatan. Fenomena di lapangan mengindikasikan adanya kecenderungan perawat tidak caring dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada klien yang berdampak pada kualitas asuhan yang pada akhirnya mempengaruhi kepuasan klien terhadap pelayanan keperawatan khususnya dan pelayanan kesehatan secara menyeluruh. Berkaitan dengan itu maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk rnengetahui gambaran perilaku caring perawat dan hubungannya dengan tingkat kepuasan klien. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional, populasi penelitian adalah seluruh klien pasca bedah yang dirawat sebanyak 299 orang, dengan sarnpel 101 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer, melalui angket. Perilaku caring perawat dan tingkat kepuasan klien diidentifikasi dengan instrumen yang merupakan modifikasi A Care Q-Questionnaire terdiri dari 6 komponen caring yaitu ; kesiapan membantu; penjelasan dan kemudahan; kenyamanan; tindakan antisipasi; membina hubungan saling percaya dengan klien; pemantauan dan pengawasan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak komputer. Analisa data rnenggunakan analisis univariat (distribusi frekuensi), bivariat (kai-kuadrat), dan multivariat (regresi logistik). Dari karakteristik klien diketahui proporsi wanita dan pria relatif seimbang (54,5%, 45,5%), lebih dari separuh berusia diatas 35 tahun (56,5%), sebagian besar pendidikan rendah (62,3%), bekerja (63,4%), dirawat dikelas III (62,4%). dan biaya perawatan ditanggung (ASKES dan 3PS) 55,4%. Hampir separuh perawat dinilai tidak caring (48.5%), secara umurn caring perawat termasuk kategori cukup (X - 5.94). Komponen caring yang cukup baik adalah kesiapan membantu ( X 6,77), sedangkan penjelasan dan kemudahan memiliki nilai terendah (X - 5,51). Sebagian besar klien tidak puas terhadap perilaku caring perawat (79,2%). Komponen yang memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap kepuasan adalah kesiapan membantu (X 20,35) dan terendah penjelasan dan kemudahan (X 14,73), namun secara proporsi menunjukkan kecenderungan semakin baik caring perawat akan meningkatkan proporsi kepuasan klien. Uji multivariate menunjukkan kesiapan membantu merupakan komponen yang paling dominan memberikan kepuasan kepada klien (OR 3,9516), dan karakteristik klien bukan merupakan confounder terhadap komponen kesiapan membantu (perbedaan < 10%). Dari hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa perawat belum sepenuhnya berperilaku caring dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan, dan tingkat kepuasan klien masih sangat rendah. Dari keenam komponen caring, hanya kesiapan membantu yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kepuasan klien (p value 0.015). Beberapa saran yang dapat direkomendasikan kepada pihak yang berkepentingan adalah manajerial Perjan RSMH Palembang agar mengupayakan peningkatan sikap dan perilaku caring perawat. Bagi institusi pendidikan untuk melatih dan menanamkan sikap dan perilaku caring, organisasi profesi melakukan pembinaan secara intensif terhadap anggotanya. Bagi perawat sendiri agar menjadi role model bagi lingkungan, dan bagi peneliti lain agar menggunakan desain dan metoda yang berbeda seperti quasi eksprimen atau metoda kualitatif

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Caring in nursing is a matter of foundation of nursing services. It is the heart of nursing profession. Caring becomes a fundamental component and central focus, and also unique of nursing care. The phenomena in the clinical field showed that there was a tendency of nurses who were not caring when they gave services. The Nursing care of the patient will influence the quality of caring, finally affected to patient satisfaction, especially in the entirely health service. This study aims to determine the description of behavior on caring'snurses and its relationships to patient satisfaction level. The study's design used cross-sectional, the population of this study is 299 post operative patient s at in-patient's wards. With the sample number is 101 patients. The data source was obtained from primary data, which were collected through questionnaire. The caring behavior nurses and the level of patient satisfaction is classified using instrument which is modified from A care - Q questionnaire. It consists of six components of caring, they are accessible; explains and facility; comfort; anticipates; trusting relationship; monitor and follows. The data analyzing used computer software, by univariate (frecuency distribution), bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (multiple regretion logistic) analysis. The patients characteristics were found male and female sexes are balancing (54.5%; 45.5%), most of them > 35 years old (56,5%), lower education (62.3%), working (63.4%), hospitalized at economics-class (62.4%), and pay the hospital fee insurance 55,4% (Askes & JPS). Based on univariate analysis it is known that almost a half nurses are not performing caring behavior (48.5%), and in general the categorized of nurses caring behavior is enough ()-5.94). The accessible component in caring is good (X 6.77), however the component of explains and facility has the lowest score (X 5.51). The most of patients were not satisfaction to caring behavior of nurses (79.2%). The component that most contribute to patient satisfaction is accessible (X 20.35), and the lowest is explains and facility (14.73). However purposively other components showed to tend positive. The more nurses performed caring behavior, the most patient satisfaction will be achieved. In multivariate analysis the component which has dominant relationship to patient satisfaction is accessible (OR 3,9516). After controlled by explains and facility components, and trusting relationship, the characteristic of patients are not confounded to accessible (different < 10%). Based on this study, it can be concluded that nurses in giving nursing care is not performing optimal caring behavior. The level of patient satisfaction to nursing care is still low. Out of six components, accessible is the component that having significant relationship to patient satisfaction (p value 0.015). Some suggestions that can be recommended to stake holders are the managerial of RSMH, public service enterprise of Palembang should provide improvement on attitude and caring behavior of their nurses. For education Institution to train and educate the attitude and caring behavior to their students, to the profession organization should give guidance intensively to their members. For nurses themselves should be a Role Model for their environment. For other researchers should develop other designs and different methods such as quasi experimental or qualitative method."

"Promosi Kesehatan adalah upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk memelihara, meningkatkan dan melindungi kesehatan diri dan lingkungannya. Program unggulan promosi keehatan adalah PHBS yang mencakup lima tatanan diantaranya tatanan Institusi Kesehatan yang disebut PKRS, dengan sasaran masyarakat rumah sakit dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Tujuan PKRS adalah mengembangkan pemahaman pasien dan keluarganya tentang penyakit yang diderita serta hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan oleh keluarganya, dalam membantu penyembuhan dan mencegah terserang kembali oleh penyakit yang sama. Apabila dilaksanakan dengan baik PKRS dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan mutu dan citra pelayanan kesehatan.PK Saint Carolus merupakan salah satu rumah sakit swasta tipe utama yang telah melaksanakan program PKRS, dirintis sejak tahun 1991 hingga saat ini, namun pelaksanaannya masih dalam pembenahan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam, FGD dan analisa data sekunder. Dengan informan penentu kebijakan, ketua pelaksana PKRS, koordinator bidang, petugas di rawat inap dan pasien.Hasil dan Kesimpulan dari penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa:Jumlah tenaga PKRS di PK Saint Carolus untuk tingkat rumah sakit berjumlah 15 orang dan cukup memadai, dengan pendidikan minimal S1 di Bidang Kesehatan dan telah mengikuti lokalatif tentang PKRS. Selain sebagai panitia PKRS, seluruhnya telah mempunyai tugas pokok dan fungsi utama. Untuk PKRS tingkat pasien, petugas belum terlatih dan jumlahnya dirasa masih perlu ditambah. Dana untuk pelaksanaan PKRS dibebankan pada anggaran Direksi P.K. Saint Carolus. Sarana dan prasarana, telah ditetapkan SK Panitia PKRS dan telah tersedia ruang sekretariat, lengkap dengan peralatan meja, kursi, lemari buku, media cetak dari beberapa sumber, komputer, OHP, Wireless, VCD berada di Unit kebidanan serta multimedia berada di biro direksi, box-box PKRS terletak di setiap bidang. Televisi yang ada disetiap ruang tunggu dan ruang perawatan belum digunakan secara maksimal.Perencanaan kegiatan PKRS, menggunakan sistem bottom up, yaitu unit-unit kerja membuat rencana kemudian dibicarakan dengan seluruh panitia dan diusulkan kepada Direksi. Pengorganisasian PKRS dalam bentuk kepanitiaan, dilengkapi dengan uraian tugas yang belum dapat dilaksanakan sepenuhnya, PKRS di unit perawatan dilakukan secara perorangan antara petugas dan pasien, jarang diadakan penyuluhan kelompok, kecuali unit kebidanan. Di tingkat Rumah Sakit PKRS dilaksanakan berupa penyuluhan, seminar, lokalatif dan telah direncanakan studi banding PKRS di RS Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Belum pernah dilakukan tindak lanjut penilaian/evaluasi, baik dari manajemen RS, Depkes. maupun Dinkes provinsi DKI. Langkah-langkah pengelolaan kegiatan PKRS, jika dilihat dalam buku Panduan Promosi Kesehatan, pada umumnya PKRS PK Sint Carolus telah melaksanakan sesuai tahapan.Saran penulis untuk meningkatkan kualitas PKRS di PKSC yaitu Sarana televisi agar dimanfaatkan lebih maksimal sebagai sarana PKRS dengan menambah alat berupa sentral audio, PKRS diusulkan mendapat dukungan dari pihak pengelola program yaitu Depkes khususnya Ditjen Yanmed dan Pusat Promosi Kesehatan serta rencana PKRS masuk sebagai salah satu komponen akreditasi RS supaya ditindak lanjuti. Bagi peneliti lain, agar bisa menindaklanjuti penelitian ini khususnya untuk pelaksanaan PKRS yang di luar rumah sakit.Analysis on Implementation of Health Promotion in Hospital at Saint Carolus Health Service, Jakarta 2003Health Promotion is an empowerment effort of community in preserving, increasing, and protecting their health and environment. The prime program of health promotion is PHBS that covers 5 (five) arrangements: among others is Health Institution which called Health Promotion in Hospital (HPH), with the community of hospital and its surrounding as the targets. The objective of HPH is to develop the comprehension of patients and their families regarding the disease suffered and things that need to be done by the families themselves in helping the recovery and preventing the relapse condition of the same disease. If it is done well, HPH can give its contribution towards the increase of quality and health service image.

Saint Carolus Health Service is one of prime-type private hospital that has conducted the program of HPH. It has begun in 1991 up to now; nevertheless the implementation is still in straightening-up.

It is a qualitative research using in-depth interview method, FGD and secondary data analysis. By the informant of policy maker, the chief of Implementation HPH, the officers for hospital treatment, and patients.

Based on the result and conclusion of this research, it can be found that:

The amount of HPH officers at Saint Carolus is 15 people for the hospital level, which it is quite sufficient. The have minimum education of Master Degree majoring in health and have followed HPH training. Besides as committee of HPH, they all have had main duties and functions. For HPH in the patient level, the officers have not been trained yet, and the amount is felt need to be added. The budget for implanting HPH is from Saint Carolus Direction Board budget. The equipment and infrastructure have been determined in Decree Letter of HPH committee; they are a secretariat room which is completed with table, chairs, book shelf, printed-media from several sources, computer, OHP and wireless, VCD which is in obgin Unit, multimedia that is direction bureau, boxes HPH located in every field, and television that exists in each waiting room and nursery room used in maximal yet.

The planning of HPH uses bottoms-up system which is each working units has made the plan that will be discussed next entire committee and will be proposed to the Direction. The organization of HPH is in the form of committee that is completed by the job description that has not been fully conducted. HPH in nursery unit is done personally between officer and patient. It is rarely done in-group expect for obgin unit. In the hospital level of HPH is done education, seminar, training and has been planned a comparison study on HPH at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya. It has never been done an evaluation follow up from Ministry of Health (MOH), Hospital management or provincial Health Office of DKI. The organizing steps of HPH can be seen in the Health Promoting Guideline which Saint Carolus generally has been done based on its steps.

The suggestion of the writer to increase the quality of HPH in Saint Carolus Health Service is the means of television is better to be used in maximal as the means of HPH by adding audio central. HPH is proposed to get support from program implementers which is MOH, especially Directorate General of Medical Service and Central of Health Promotion as well as the plan of HPH that is included as one of hospital accredited component so that it can be followed up next. Other researchers need to pay their attention in following up this research particularly the implementation of HPH that is done Outreach hospital."

"ABSTRAKA study on microbiological quality of Nasi Rames was carried out ifrom December 1996 to January 1997. One hundred and two samples of Nasi Rames were collected and 102 food handler were interviewed. The microbiological contamination was assessed by using the method of enumeration of Indicator organisms (Aerobic Plate Count, Coliforms, and Escherichia coli) in PetrifilmTM at SEAMEO TROPMED Laboratory, Jakarta. High microbial counts were found in food samples. More than 21 % of food samples contained APC higher than 106 CFUIg food. Coliform counts higher than 102 CFUIg was found in 75.5% of Nasi Rames and 42.2% of the samples were contaminated with E. coll. The study did not find geographical pattern of microbiological contamination in studied area or any significant differences between districts as well as environment. Statistical analysis showed there was significant difference in microbial counts between vendor 1 and vendor 2. Further statistical analysis on risk factors contribute to microbial contamination showed that water source was associated with high counts of APC (p=0.016) and that the manner of waste disposal was associated with E. coli contamination (p=0.025). The study has suggested that the basic facilities were essential in the street vending operation. Considering that street food cater for numerous people, there are urgent needs to improve the microbiological quality of street foods. Actions should be taken to provide basic facilities and introduce the knowledge on food hygiene to street food vendors as well as the consumer."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem kemitraan kegiatan kerja antara Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas I Tangerang dengan PT. Ikezaki Tekindo Tama dalam bidang aerosol dan non aerosol tahun 2004-2006. Untuk membahas hal tersebut, pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan kemitraan ditinjau dari teori sistem. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 10 informan yang terlibat dalam kegiatan kemitraan. Dari analisis terhadap basil wawancara disimpulkan bahwa : 1) Lingkungan kurang mendukung kemitraan, 2) Input kurang sesuai ketentuan, 3) Proses tidak optimal, 4) Output tidak sesuai target, 5) Impact kurang optimal, 6) Feedback, perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap input dan proses. Hasil penelitian menyarankan perk' adanya komitmen kalapas dalam pelaksanaan kemitraan dan model yang dapat dijadikan acuan pelaksanaan kemitraan di lembaga pemasyarakatan.

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The purposes of this research is to analysis the partnership system between First Class Tangerang Correctional Institution with PT. Ikezaki Tekindo Tama in the prisoners autonomous program. Related with that case the research use qualitative descriptive interpretive to describe about the partnership that is observed by system theory. The number of informan are ten people consist of stakeholder that involve in the partnership program, aerosol and non aerosol production in 2004-2006. This research is qualitative descriptive interpretive. The data was collected by means of deep interview through 10 informans that involve in the partnership. The following are the research : I) Environment is not support enough, 2) Input is not sufficient to support the partnership, 3) Process is not optimal, 4) Output is not comfort with the target, 5) Impact is not optimal, 6) Feedback that clarify have to evaluate input and process. These research suggest that have to commitment of Chief to support the partnership and provide partnerships model which can help in partnership implementation."

"Karaoke merupakan sebuah kegiatan yang diikuti oleh hampir seluruh masyarakat Jepang, bahkan kegiatan karaoke telah dikenal hampir di seluruh dunia. Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa karaoke merupakan salah satu kebudayaan populer Jepang. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan studi kepustakaan. Teori yang digunakan adalah kriteria tentang kebudayaan popular yang dikemukakan oleh Yoshio Sugimoto dalam bukunya An Introduction to Japanese Society.Dari penulisan skripsi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa karaoke merupakan kebudayaan yang muncul pada era Jepang kontemporer dan sejak itu terus berkembang dan semakin diminati oleh berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan karaoke memenuhi kriteria mengenai kebudayaan populer yang dikemukakan oleh Yoshio Sugimoto, sehingga karaoke dapat dikategorikan sebagai kebudayaan populer.

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Karaoke is an activity done by almost all members of Japanese Sociey, moreover today karaoke is known worldwide. The purpose of this study is to prove that karaoke is one of Japanese popular culture. This study used analytical descriptive and literature methods. The theory that is used in this study is the popular culture's criteria started by Yoshio Sugimoto in his book An Introduction to Japanese Society.It can be concluded from the analysis that karaoke is a culture which born in the Japanese contemporer era and since then had grwn and well-liked by all. Therefore, karaoke passed all criteria about popular culture started by Yoshio Sugimoto and could be categorized as popular culture."

"Perencanaan pajak secara agresif yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan multinasional merupakan permasalahan global. Sebagian besar dari transaksi lintas batas terjadi antar pihak yang memiliki hubungan istimewa dalam perusahaan multinasional. Adanya gaps dan celah dalam peraturan domestik dan internasional sering dimanfaatkan untuk mengalihkan laba/keuntungan dari satu negara ke negara lain dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi jumlah pajak yang dibayar. Sebagai langkah melawan praktik penghindaran pajak secara agresif, negara-negara yang tergabung dalam G20 bersama dengan Organization for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) mendeklarasikan 15 Rencana Aksi yang berkaitan dengan Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS). khususnya action plan ke-13 mengembangkan peraturan terkait dengan dokumentasi transfer pricing dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan transparansi dalam administrasi pajak yaitu country reporting. Country-by-country reporting mengharuskan perusahaan multinasional untuk melaporkan pendapatan, pajak dibayar, dan ukuran aktifitas ekonomi di masing-masing yuridiksi dimana mereka melakukan usaha. Laporan tersebut menyediakan informasi kepada grup stakeholder yang akan berguna untuk mengawasi praktik korupsi, corporate governance, pembayaran pajak, dan arus perdagangan dunia. Country-by-country reporting juga dapat menguntungkan investor melalui pengungkapan perusahaan yang beroperasi di wilayah yang keadaan politiknya tidak stabil, tax havens, wilayah peperangan, dan area sensitif lainnya. Meskipun tidak dapat menghentikan semua tindakan penghindaran pajak, namun diharapkan hasil dari country-by-country reporting akan menjamin perusahaan membayar pajak sesuai dengan bagiannya di setiap negara mereka beroperasi, yang artinya menjamin lebih banyak pajak dibayar di negara berkembang. Dengan meningkatnya penerimaan pajak, negara berkembang dapat menciptakan kemandirian untuk mendanai penyediaan jasa dan belanja negara. Sehingga pada akhirnya pengungkapan informasi melalui country-by-country reporting dapat membangun kembali kepercayaan masyarakat kepada negara.

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Aggressive tax planning by multinational company become a global problem. A major part of global cross-border transactions happen between related parties in multinational company. This type of transaction is susceptible to abuse gaps and loopholes in domestic and international tax law that allow profit shifting from country to country, with intention of reducing the tax paid. As a measure against aggressive tax planning, the countries incorporated in G20 together with Organization for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) declare 15 Action Plans related to Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS). BEPS Action Plan, especially action plan 13th develop the regulation related to transfer pricing documentation to improve transparency in tax administration namely country-by-country reporting. Country-by-country reporting requires multinational company to report annualy income, tax paid and accrued, and measurement of economy activity in each jurisdiction where they perform the business. The report provides information to stakeholder that will be useful to oversees corruption practice, corporate governance, tax payment, and global trading. Country-by-country reporting also can be profitable for the investor through disclosure of company operating in the area with unstable political condition, tax havens, war area, and other sensitive area. Even though country-by-country reporting cannot prevent all of tax evasion, but the result of country-by-country reporting be expected will guarantee the company to pay the tax according to their part in every country where they operate, which means to guarantee more taxes being paid in developing country. With the improvement of tax revenue, developing country can create independence to fund the provision of state service and expenditure. So that, in the end the information disclosure through country-by-country reporting can re-build the trust of society to the state."

"Setiap pemimpin menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan yang berbeda antara satu dan lainnya. Jenis kepemimpinan yang populer di Jawa adalah Astha Brata. Konsep kepemimpinan Astha Brata kemudian digunakan untuk melihat etika kepemimpinan seorang tokoh bernama Pangeran Mangkubumi dalam Babad Giyanti. Pemilihan konsep Astha Brata didasari oleh ciri kepemimpinan Jawa yang bersifat sinkretis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan laku atau etika kepemimpinan Pangeran Mangkubumi serta melihat konsepsi dan relevansi kepemimpinan Astha Brata hingga masa kini. Kerangka teori yang digunakan antara lain konseptual kepemimpinan Astha Brata dalam Serat Ajipamasa, kepemimpinan etis Gary Yukl, dan teori etika perspektif filsafat dari Franz Magnis Suseno. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan objektif dari Abrams dalam buku Pengkajian Sastra: Teori dan Aplikasi dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang digunakan berasal dari hasil transliterasi naskah Babad Giyanti yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Pustaka. Hasilnya, Pangeran Mangkubumi memiliki semua sifat Astha Brata yang menunjukkan keseimbangan Pangeran Mangkubumi sebagai seorang pemimpin. Keberhasilan penerapan konsep Astha Brata dalam Pangeran Mangkubumi menunjukkan bahwa Astha Brata dapat menciptakan pemimpin yang ideal dan etis bagi manusia Jawa. Adapun kepemimpinan Astha Brata masih eksis dan relevan untuk digunakan hingga saat ini.

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Every leader has a leadership style that is different from one another. One of the more popular leadership type in Java is Astha Brata. Astha Brata's leadership concept is then applied to analyze the leadership ethics of a character named Pangeran Mangkubumi in Babad Giyanti. The choice of the Astha Brata concept was based on the syncretic characteristics of Javanese leadership. This research aims to reveal Pangeran Mangkubumi's leadership behavior or ethics, as well as to look at the conception and relevance of Astha Brata's leadership in the present. The leadership conceptual framework used is Astha Brata in Serat Ajipamasa, also leadership ethics from Gary Yukl. This research employs Abrams’ objective approach based from the book Pengkajian Sastra: Teori dan Aplikasi with descriptive and qualitative methods. This research employs a framework of ethical theory from the philosophical perspective Franz Magnis Suseno. The data used comes from the transliteration of the Babad Giyanti manuscript published by Balai Pustaka. This research has shown that Pangeran Mangkubumi has all the characteristics of Astha Brata which shows Pangeran Mangkubumi's balance as a leader. This successful application of the Astha Brata concept in Pangeran Mangkubumi shows that Astha Brata can create ideal and ethical leaders for Javanese people. Astha Brata's leadership archetype is still relevant until the present.

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"Sistem Self Assessment dalam perpajakan Indonesia memberikan Wajib Pajak kewenangan menghitung, membayar, dan melaporkan pajak secara mandiri. Ini membuka peluang penyalahgunaan, penyimpangan, dan penyelundupan pajak, mengakibatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak rendah di DJP. Evaluasi efektivitas menggunakan Teori Efektivitas Campbell (1989). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh kegiatan penyuluhan dan peran petugas fungsional penyuluh pajak terhadap perubahan perilaku kepatuhan pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) Tahunan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Matraman. Penelitian ini studi kasus dengan metode kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif, melibatkan informan dari KPP Pratama Jakarta Matraman. Hasilnya menunjukkan peran Penyuluh Pajak sangat efektif dalam kriteria keberhasilan program, meskipun tingkat keberhasilan sasaran kurang efektif. Penilaian rata-rata cukup efektif, dengan tantangan terkait kesesuaian target yang memerlukan perbaikan agar penyuluhan dapat efektif meningkatkan kepatuhan pelaporan Wajib Pajak. Rekomendasi mencakup implementasi penyuluhan kolaboratif dan peningkatan fasilitas untuk meningkatkan efektivitas peran Penyuluh Pajak di KPP Pratama Jakarta Matraman). 

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The Indonesian tax system employs a Self Assessment mechanism, granting taxpayers autonomy to compute, pay, and disclose their tax obligations. However, this approach fosters opportunities for misuse, deviations, and tax smuggling, resulting in suboptimal taxpayer compliance at the DJP. Evaluating effectiveness relies on Campbell's Effectiveness Theory (1989). The aim of this research is to analyze how much influence counceling activities and the role of Functional Extension Officers have on changes in compliance behavior in reporting Individual Taxpayers’ Anuual Tax Return (SPT) at KPP Pratama Jakarta Matraman. This case study, utilizing qualitative methods and descriptive analysis, focuses on KPP Pratama Jakarta Matraman. Findings indicate the Tax Instructor's functional role is highly effective based on program success criteria, while target success rates are less effective. Overall, Reliable Instructor, Work Load, Organizational Support, and Internal Control contribute to a moderately effective rating. Addressing target alignment issues is crucial to enhance counseling's efficacy in bolstering taxpayer reporting compliance. Recommending collaborative counseling implementation, along with improved facilities, aims to elevate the functional role of tax instructors at KPP Pratama Jakarta Matraman."