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"Dalam riset ini akan dilakukan pemodelan perhitungan tarif pengangkutan gas bumi melalui pipa untuk beberapa golongan shipper dalam suatu ruas pipa transmisi open access. Pemodelan dilakukan untuk memperoleh pembagian tarif sesuai dengan golongan shipper. Pemodelan multi tarif dilakukan dengan mengembangkan model dari perhitungan sistem single tarif melalui modifikasi pembagian volume pengaliran gas bumi sesuai golongan shipper. Hasil penerapan multi tarif pada ruas pipa transmisi PT X menunjukan penurunan tarif antara 20 hingga 70 pada masing-masing golongan shipper bila dibandingkan dengan sistem single distance tarif dan single postage stamp tarif yang sebelumnya telah diterapkan pada pipa transmisi tersebut. Untuk melihat pengaruh perubahan volume, perubahan Internal Rate of Return IRR , dan perubahan komposisi equity terhadap perubahan besaran multi tarif maka dilakukan uji sensitivitas. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan kenaikan nilai IRR berbanding lurus terhadap kenaikan multi tarif. Kenaikan IRR membuat waktu pengembalian modal Break Even Point menjadi lebih cepat, kenaikan volume gas berbanding terbalik terhadap multi tarif dan penurunan proporsi equity berbanding lurus dengan penurunan multi tarif.

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In this research will be modeling the calculation of the tariff of natural gas transportation through pipes for several classes of the shipper in an open access pipe transmission line. Modeling to obtain tariff distribution according to shipper class. Multi tariff modeling by developing a model of single tariff system calculation through modification of natural gas distribution volume according to shipper class. The result of the multi tariff application on the PT X transmission pipeline shows a tariff reduction of between 20 and 70 on each shipper class when compared to the single distance tariff system and the single postage stamp tariff previously applied to the transmission pipe. To see the effect of volume change, change of Internal Rate of Return IRR , and change of equity composition to change of multi tariff quantity hence conducted sensitivity test. The calculation result shows the increase of IRR value is directly proportional to the multi tariff increase. Increased IRR makes Break Even Point time faster, increases in gas volume inversely to multi tariffs and a decrease in the proportion of equity is directly proportional to the multi tariff reduction."

"The objective of this study was to compare the impacts of financing investment scenarios on piped-natural GPs for households in Indonesia using government, business entity, and mixed investment scenarios. Simulations of cash flow were used for a case study of domestic GPs in City X in Indonesia, which originally used only one investment scheme. The GPs is calculated using the cash flow (CF) method. With the cash flow, GPs is calculated based on the sum of investment costs (Capital Expenditure), operating and maintenance costs (O & M), gas purchase costs, administrative costs (A), tax (t), and margin (m) divided by gas volume. A sensitivity test was performed using the models to observe the effects of changes to each component of each variable regarding price calculations for natural gas. The government divided the type of household into two, one class consisting of simple house and small house and the second group consists of luxury homes, apartments, and condominiums. For 100% government investment scenarios, prices were formulated using management fee systems. For 100% business entity investment scenarios, prices were formulated with a method in which an internal rate of return (IRR) equaled a weighted average cost of capital (WACC). For mixed government and business entity investment scenarios, prices were derived by modifying 100% government investment scenarios calculations. A study of setting piped-natural GPs for households that are equiTable, fair, transparent, and able to meet citizens’ purchasing powers was then conducted. Using the calculations and simulations, it was concluded that the government investment scenarios provided the lowest GPs but burdened the state budget. The business investment scenarios provided high GPs and benefitted the firm but not the community. The mixed investment scenario with 50:50 government and business entity investment compotition was recommended for setting GPs; they increased investments and public welfare, could be just and fair, and could meet citizens’ purchasing powers."

"Ruas Pipa Transmisi Semarang – Batang (Cisem Tahap 1) merupaan salah satu dari jaringan pipa transjawa. Semula pipa ini akan dibangun oleh Badan Usaha, tetapi kemudian dikembalikan ke negara karena tidak ekonomis secara bisnis. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis dan memodelkan perhitungan tarif pengangkutan gas bumi untuk pipa Semarang – Batang yang akhirnya dibangun oleh pemerintah melalui anggaran negara. Pengembangan model dilakukan dengan merubah formulasi umum penghitungan tarif dengan dua kategori yaitu dengan skema Penyertaan Modal Negara (PMN) dan model Barang Milik Negara (BMN). Dalam skema PMN Pemerintah meminta pengembalian modal atas aset yang sudah diinvestasikan dengan keuntungan yang dibatasi maksimal sama dengan persentase pengembalian Surat Hutang Negara sedangkan dalam skema BMN Pemerintah tidak pengembalian modal atas aset yang sudah diinvestasikan sehingga tarif hanya berupa management fee. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan perhitungan tarif dengan skema BMN, menghasilkan nilai yang paling rendah dan efisien yaitu 57,1% lebih rendah dibandingkan jika dihitung dengan formulasi umum penghitungan tarif dan 27,4% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan skema PMN. Selain itu dalam studi ini juga dilakukan implementasi profesionalisme, kode etik keinsinyuran dan keselamatan kesehatan kerja dan lingkungan (K3L).

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Trans Java pipeline networks include the Semarang-Batang Transmission Pipeline Segment (Cisem Phase 1). This pipe was supposed to be constructed by a company, but since it would not be profitable for them, the state eventually got it back and The government funded the pipeline's construction through the state budget. The goal of this study is to analyze and simulate how the Semarang-Batang pipeline's natural gas transportation tariffs were determined. To build the model, the general formula for calculating tariffs was modified into two main types: the State Property (BMN) model and the State Capital Participation (PMN) scheme. In the case of the PMN scheme, the government asks for a return of capital on invested assets, with profits limited to the percentage of return on government debt securities. While the BMN scheme only allows for management fees as the government does not return capital on invested assets. The results of the calculation show that the BMN scheme generates the lowest and most efficient value when applied for calculating tariffs; it is 57.1% cheaper than when calculated using the conventional tariff calculation formulation and 27.4% cheaper than when calculated using the PMN scheme. Furthermore, this study included engineering codes of ethics, environmental safety, occupational health (K3L), and professionalism."