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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Keputihan merupakan sering dijumpai menjadi alasan wanita berobat ke dokter. Pengenalan faktor risiko dan gejala yang menyertainya serta kaitannya dengan penyebab mikrobiologi keluhan keputihan dapat berguna bagi klinisi dalam praktik sehari-hari. Penelitian ini mencari hubungan antara faktor risiko dan gejala yang dialami terhadap temuan mikrobiologi penyebab keputihan pada wanita usia reproduksi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di Departemen Obstetri & Ginekologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Wawancara dilakukan pada pasien di poliklinik dengan keluhan keputihan untuk identifikasi faktor risiko dan gejala. Temuan mikrobiologi dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan yang spesifik sebagai baku emas. Hasil: Sebanyak 81 subjek ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Candida sp merupakan penyebab infeksi tunggal terbanyak yang ditemukan (17 subjek, 12,3%). Hubungan seksual yang sering (≥3 times/week, p<0,001) dan keputihan meningkat setelah berhubungan seksual (p=0.04) bmerupakan faktor risiko dan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Bacterial vaginosis, berturut-turut. Bau amis (p=0,09), nyeri vulva (p=0,026), dan peningkatan keputihan setelah hubungan seksual (p=0,002) merupakan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Trichomonas vaginalis. Gatal (p=0,028), keputihan seperti gumpalan susu (p<0,001), dan keputihan meningkat setelah hari ke-14 siklus menstruasi (p<0.001) berhubungan dengan Candida sp sementara penggunaan pil KB kombinasi (p=0,03) dan perdarahan setelah hubungan seksual (p=0,009) merupakan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Chlamydia trachomatis. Kesimpulan: Beberapa faktor risiko dan gejala berhubungan dengan temuan mikrobiologi spesifik sebagai penyebab keluhan keputihan pada populasi wanita usia reproduksi.;

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ABSTRACT Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.