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Abstrak :
Tesis ini mengkaji dan membahas topik fenomena Peran Fraksi-Fraksi DPR RI Periode Periode 2014 ndash;2019 dalam Perumusan Ambang Batas Parlemen dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. Topik ini berangkat dari adanya upaya pembubaran fraksi DPR RI oleh Gerakan Nasional Pemberantasan Korupsi GNPK karena keberadaan fraksi dinilai banyak berperan di dalam pelaksanaan fungsi, tugas dan wewenang DPR dan dinilai bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Sehubungan dengan itu, penelitian ini memfokuskan pada salah satu pelaksanaan fungsi DPR, yaitu fungsi legislasi dalam perumusan ambang batas parlemen dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. Hal ini diangkat karena di Indonesia, ambang batas parlemen parliamentary threshold/PT merupakan salah satu isu krusial yang cukup alot dibahas. Fraksi DPR RI, yang merupakan kepanjangan tangan partai politik, memegang peran penting dalam perumusan ambang batas parlemen tersebut. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori elite dan teori oligarki. Sementara, penelitian ini dianalisis dari perspektif Ilmu Politik dengan pendekatan rancangan penelitian kualitatif, yaitu jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan strategi penelitian studi kasus, dan teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui studi dokumen dan wawancara. Sementara, teknis analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan hasil studi dokumen dan wawancara yang digunakan untuk memperdalam analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran fraksi-fraksi DPR RI dalam perumusan ambang batas parlemen dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum, kuat dan mendominasi. Hal ini sebagaimana terlihat, baik dari aspek penentuan substansi kebijakan maupun aspek pengambilan keputusan. Implikasi teoritis menunjukkan bahwa teori elite Pareto, Mosca, Mills, dan Keller ; dan teori oligarki Michels dalam penelitian ini terbukti dan terkonfirmasi.

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This thesis examines and discusses the topic of the Role of Factions of the DPR RI of 2014 ndash 2019 Period in the Formulation of Parliamentary Thresholds in Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Election. This topic is based on the effort to dissolve factions of the DPR RI by the National Movement for Corruption Eradication GNPK because while its existence is considered to play a significant role in the implementation of the functions, duties and authority of the DPR RI, its existence is also considered to be contradictory to the 1945 Constitution. With those considerations in mind, this research focused on the implementation of one function of the DPR RI, namely its function on legislation in the formulation of parliamentary threshold in Law Number 7 Year 2017 on General Election. This topic was raised because in Indonesia, the parliamentary threshold PT is one of the crucial issues intensely discussed. Factions of the DPR RI, as they are the extension of political parties, plays an important role in the formulation of parliamentary threshold. The theory used in this research is elite theory, oligarchy theory. Meanwhile, this research is analyzed from the perspective of Political Science with qualitative research design approach, that is qualitative research type, with case study research strategy, and data collection technique through document study and interview. Meanwhile, technical data analysis is conducted based on the results of document studies and interviews used to deepen the analysis. The results showed that the role of factions of the DPR in the formulation of parliamentary threshold in Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Election, was strong and dominating. This is as seen, both from the aspect of determining the substance of policy and decision making aspects. Theoretical implications show that elite theory Pareto, Mosca, Mills, and Keller and Michels rsquo oligarchy theory in this research is proven and confirmed.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini mengkaji dan membahas topik fenomena peran fraksi DPR RI, sebagai isu yang tengah mengemuka, yaitu adanya upaya pembubaran fraksi oleh Gerakan Nasional Pemberantasan Korupsi (GNPK) karena fraksi dinilai banyak berperan di dalam pelaksanaan fungsi, tugas dan wewenang DPR dan dinilai bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Sehubungan dengan itu, maka penelitian ini difokuskan pada salah satu pelaksanaan fungsi DPR, yaitu fungsi legislasi dalam penentuan ambang batas parlemen dalam pembahasan RUU tentang Perubahan atas UU No. 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilu Anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD. Hal ini diangkat karena dalam penentuan ambang batas parlemen terjadi perdebatan alot di antara fraksi-fraksi DPR. Di satu pihak, fraksi kecil (FPPP) yang khawatir gagal meraih suara signifikan, bersikeras mempertahankan besaran ambang batas parlemen 2,5%, sedangkan fraksi menengah (FPKS) menginginkan besaran ambang batas parlemen 3%-5%. Di pihak lain, fraksi besar (FPG), dengan hasrat meraih kursi lebih banyak, bersikukuh menaikkan besaran ambang batas parlemen 5%. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif analitis. Data diperoleh melalui tinjauan pustaka dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran fraksi DPR kuat dan mendominasi dalam pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi DPR, yaitu dalam penentuan ambang batas parlemen dalam pembahasan RUU tentang Perubahan atas UU No. 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilu Anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD. Hal ini sebagaimana terlihat, baik dari aspek pengorganisasian anggota fraksi, aspek substansi kebijakan fraksi maupun aspek sistem pengawasan fraksi. Sementara, jika ditinjau dari teori perwakilan politik maka termasuk dalam teori kebebasan dengan tipe hubungan yang partisan.

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This study examined and discussed the phenomenon topic on the role of the House of Representatives’ factions, as the central issue raised during the discussion, namely the dissolution of factions by the National Anti-Corruption Movement (GNPK) since factions were being assessed as playing a significant role in the execution of the functions, duties, and powers of the House of Representatives which were against the 1945 Constitution. Accordingly, this study focused on the exercise of one of the functions of the House, that is the legislation function in deciding parliamentary threshold during discussion on Bill on the Amendments to Law No. 10 of 2008 on the Election of Members of DPR, DPD and DPRD. The issue was raised because there were tough discussions among factions before the floor made any decisions on parliamentary threshold. On the one hand, faction with small number of MPs (PPP Faction) that was concerned on the failure to reach significant number of vote insisted on maintaining massive parliamentary threshold of 2.5%, while faction with not to large number of MPs (PKS Faction) wanted a massive parliamentary threshold of 3%-5%. On the other hand, faction with larger number of MPs (PG Faction), with an enthusiasm of getting more seats on the next election, insisted in raising thkeye percentage to 5% of parliamentary threshold. This study used a qualitative research design with descriptive analysis. Data were obtained through literature reviews and interviews. The results showed that the ruling faction played significant role and dominated the legislation functions of the House, especially during the discussion on parliamentary threshold decision on Bill on the Amendments to Law No. 10 of 2008 on Election of Members DPR, DPD and DPRD. That conclusion was clearly manifested both in organizational aspect of faction members, faction's policy substance aspect as well as faction’s supervision system aspect. While, based on the review of the theory of political representation, it can be concluded that there was a theory of freedom with a partisan type of relationship that worked within.