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"Pada organisme aerob, oksigen direduksi sempurna menjadi air di akhir rantai pernafasan di mitokondria yang menyediakan energi untuk menjaga fungsi normal set. Tetapi di dalam mitokondria ada molekul oksigen yang direduksi sebagian membentuk superoksida. Superoksida adalah radikal bebas, senyawa kimia yang mempunyai elektron tidak berpasangan. Radikal bebas sangat penting untuk banyak proses biologi seperti untuk melawan mikroorganisme yang patogen. Namun radikal bebas dapat merusak bila tidak dikontrol dan menyebabkan stres oksidatif.Stres oksidatif terjadi pula di jantung saat direoksigenasi setelah hipoksia, cedera yang terjadi disebut reperfusion injury. Jantung akan kehilangan fungsinya terutama kontraktilitasnya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek kurkumin pada cedera reperfusi. Kurkumin adalah antioksidan yang mempunyai 2 cincin fenol. Kurkumin diduga' dapat mencegah ceders reperfusi setelah hipoksia jantung yang dilakukan pads model the isolated working heart. Penelitian ini menggunakan marmut jantan yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok kurkumin 0,25 1.tM, clan kelompok kurkumin 0,5 µM. Efek proteksi kurkumin dilihat dengan mengukur aliran darah koroner, aliran darah aorta, tekanan sistolik dan pengamatan histopatologi jantung.Aliran darah koroner meningkat selama reoksigenasi setelah 60 menit hipoksia, dengan kurkumin aliran darah koroner cenderung menurun. Aliran darah aorta dan tekanan sistolik menurun selama reoksigenasi setelah hipoksia 60 menu, dan cenderung meningkat setelah pemberian kurkumin. Histopatologi jantung yang direoksigenasi setelah hipoksia 60 menit memperlihatkan perubahan pada sel jantung. Kurkumin dosis 0,25 p.M cenderung iebih balk clan pada dosis 0,5 p.M dalam memproteksi jantung selama reoksigenasi setelah hipoksia 60 menit.

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The Effect of Curcumin Toward Coronary Flow, Aortic Flow, And Systolic Pressure in Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Isolated Working Heart Guinea PigIn aerobic organisms oxygen is converted to water at the end of the respiratory chain in mitochondria which provide the energy needed to maintain normal body function and metabolism. However, in the same mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxygen is "partially reduced" to form super oxide. Super oxide is a free radical, a chemical species with an unpaired electron. Free radicals are essential for many normal biological processes, i.e., they are essential in the response of tissue to invading microorganisms. However, they can be destructive if they are not tightly controlled.The oxidative stress also changes the heart in reoxygenation after hypoxia, which is called as reperfusion injury. The heart loses its function, especially contractility.The present study was conducted to find out the effect of curcumin in reoxygenation injury. Curcumin is an antioxidant, a symmetrical compound with two phenyl rings. It is hypothesized that curcumin is active to reduce reperfusion injury after hypoxia in the heart, assayed by the working guinea pig heart model. Three groups of male guinea pigs were used in this study, consisting of control group, curcumin 0, 25 µM, and curcumin 0,5 pM groups. The protective effect of curcumin was investigated by measuring coronary flow, aortic flow and systolic pressure, and by observing the histopathology of the heart.Reoxygenation of the heart after 60 minutes of hypoxia resulted in increased coronary flow, and curcumin decreased the coronary flow. Aortic flow and systolic pressure decreased during reoxygenation after 60 minutes of hypoxia, and curcumin increased aortic flow and systolic pressure. histopathology of the heart after reoxygenation and 60 minutes of hypoxia showed changes of the myocardium. Curcumin 0,25 µM was better than curcumin 0,50 p.M as a protective agent during reoxygenation after 60 minutes of hypoxia."

"Minyak Tradisional X yang mengandung daun sirih, daun pegagan, jahe, lengkuas clan cengkeh merupakan salah satu obat tradisional yang thproduksi di Kawasan Tangerang, biasa dipergunakan dalam kalangan keluarga besar produsen untuk mengobati luka pasca khitan, sehingga luka tersebut menjadi cepat sembuh clan tidak mengalami infeksi. Oleh sebab itu diteliti efek dari Minyak Tradisional X dalam hal penyembuhan luka tersebut. Telah ditakukan Uji Antibakteni pada Minyak Tradisional X, minyak buatan clan infus daun sinih terhadap bakteri yang biasa terdapat pada luka. Pengambilan sampet diambil secara acak sebanyak 3 sampel dari 3 bulan produksi yaitu bulan Juni, Juli, clan Agustus 1996. Juga dilakukan analisa senyawa eugenol dengan menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah metode dilusi penipisan lempeng agar untuk penentuan Kadar Hambat Minimal Minyak Tradisional X terhadap bakteni uji Staphylococcus aureus clan Pseudomonas aeruginosa serta pemeriksaan senyawa eugenol dengan Metode kromatog rafi Lapis Tipis. HasH penelitian menunjukan bahwa Minyak Tradisional X dan minyak buatan tidak mempunyai efek hambatan maupun daya bunuh terhadap kedua jenis kuman uji yang dipakai. Infus daun sirih sebagai pembanding menunjukan efek menghambat dan membunuh pada konsentrasi 8% untuk Staphylococcus, aureus dan 16% untuk Pseudomonas aeru ginosa . Minyak Tradisional X dan minyak buatan juga tidak menunjukan adanya senyawa eugenol yang diduga terdapat di dalam Minyak Obat Tradisional dan berefek antibakteri.

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The Traditional X Oil containing simplisia Piper betle leaf, pegagan leaf, ginger, Iengkuas, and clover, as one of traditional medicine which is commonly used by members of the big family of the producer for treatment of post circumsision wound, so that the wound shows no infection and cure is achieved in several days only. Therefore, the effect of the Traditional X Oil to the curing of the wounds is examined. Tested is the antimicrobial activity of The Traditional X Oil to microba that might exist in wounds. Collecting sample had been done three times randomly from three months production in June, July, and August 1996. Also, it had been examined oil which made and infusion Piper betle according to the comparison of the Traditional X Oil. In this experiment agar plate thinning dillution methods had been used to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration to the tested bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and examining whether such oil contain of eugenol substance by using TLC. As a result of the experiment indicates that the Traditional X Oil had neither bactericide nor bacteriostatic activity to both of species of bacteria which had been used. The made oil also indicated to the same effect within the Traditional X Oil. Infusion of Piper betle which was used as comparison in the experiment showed bacteriostatic effect in a concentration of 8% for Staphylococcus aureus and a 16% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Traditional X Oil had not eugenol constituent that had been predicted before as antibacteria."