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"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Infertilitas pria paling banyak disebabkan gangguan proses spermatogenesis. Androgen merupakan hormon yang sangat penting pada proses spermatogenesis, dimana penurunan kadar hormon androgen berakibat menurunnya produksi sperma. Aksi biologis hormon androgen terjadi melalui interaksi dengan reseptor androgen (RA) yang merupakan protein regulator transkripsi di dalam nukleus. Ekson 1 gen RA mengandung pengulangan trinukleotida CAG yang bersifat polimorfik. Polimorfisme pengulangan trinukleotida CAG ini diduga mempengaruhi aktivitas reseptor androgen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara polimorfisme pengulangan CAG dengan gangguan spermatogenesis pada beberapa pria Indonesia. Penelitian meliputi isolasi DNA dari darah tepi 34 orang pria oligozoospermialazoospermia dan 25 orang pria normozoospermia. Selanjutnya dilakukan amplifikasi fragmen pengulangan trinukleotida CAG gen RA dengan teknik PCR. Penentuan panjang pengulangan CAG gen RA dilakukan dengan elektroforesis pada gel poliakrilamid 6%yang mengandung zat pendenaturasi.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan jumlah pengulangan CAG pada gen reseptor androgen antara pria oligozoospermialazoospermia (24,3 ± 3,4, rerata ± SD) dan pria normozoospermia (22,7 f 2,7). Berdasarkan uji i untuk sampel tidak berpasangan, perbedaan jumlah pengulangan CAG pada gen reseptor androgen antara kedua kelompok tersebut bermakna secara statistik (p = 0,03I). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan polimorfisme pengulangan CAG pads gen reseptor androgen antara pria oligozoospermialazoospermia dan pria normozoospermia. Namun tidak ditemukan hubungan antara jumlah pengulangan CAG gen RA dengan konsentrasi sperma (rs = - 0,038; p = 0,775). Ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah pengulangan CAG gen RA bukan sebagai penyebab utama gangguan spermatogenesis.

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The Correlation Of Cag Repeat Length Polymorphisms Of Androgen Receptor Gene And Spermatogenesis Impairment In Several Indonesian MenScope and methods of study : Spermatogenesis impairment is the main cause of infertility in men. Androgen is believed to play a critical role in regulating spermatogenesis as reduction of intratestiscular androgen results in the decreased of sperm production. Androgen acts by binding to the androgen receptor (AR) which is a protein regulator of DNA transcription. Exon I of AR gene contains a CAG repeat length polymorphism and it is believed to interfere AR function. The aim of this study is to investigate the assosiation of CAG repeat length polymorphism with spermatogenesis impairment in several Indonesian men. The study includes DNA isolation from peripheral blood of 34 oligozoospermic/azoospermic men and 25 normozoospermic men, processed for CAG repeat lengths determination using PCR and electrophoresis in 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel.Result and conclusion : This study found that the mean CAG repeat lengths were 24,3 ± 3,4 in the oligozoospermic/azoospermic men and 22,7 ± 2,7 in the normozoospermic men. The difference in CAG repeat length between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0,031, t-test). These result indicate that CAG repeat polymorphisms in the AR gene were differ between oligozoospermic/azoospermic men and normozoospermic men. Nevertheless, there was no correlation between CAG repeat lengths and sperms concentration (rs = -0,038; p = 0,775). This result indicate that the expansion of CAG repeat length was not the main cause of spermatogenesis impairment."

"ABSTRACTThe prevalence of childhood overnutrition is increasing in many parts of the world including Indonesia. National basic health research (RISKESDAS) 2010 showed that over-nutrition in urban children (10.4%) was greater than in rural areas (8.1%). The purpose of this study was to analyse risk factors for overnutrition on elementary students in urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru. This was an observasional analytical study with cross-sectional design. This study involved 137 urban and 113 rural students from six elementary schools in Pekanbaru recruited by quota sampling technique. This study was conducted between April-May 2018. The results showed that the proportions of overweight and obesity in urban Pekanbaru were 16.1% and 16.8% respectively, while in rural areas were 12.4% and 9.7%, respectively. Furthermore, outdoor activity and snacking habit were significant contributors of childhood overnutrition in urban area whereas frequency of main meal was associated with childhood overnutrition in rural area. In conclusion, there was no difference in the incidence of overnutrition among elementary students in urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru. This study indicated that obesity risk factors may be different between urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru."

"ABSTRACTAmphipods inhabit many marine benthic habitats and have an important ecological role. However, there is a lack of information about Indonesian amphipod diversity and distribution, especially in the shallow subtidal sediments of Probolinggo and Tangerang. During the transition to the monsoon season in September 2014, eight subtidal stations were sampled in Bayeman (Probolinggo) on East Java and seven subtidal stations were sampled in Kramat Kebo (Tangerang) in West Java. A total of 7346 amphipods individuals were collected, comprising flve genera. Genus Photis was the most abundant group, followed by Grandidierella and Synchelidium. Multivariate analyses of these data indicated that sampling location and sediment granulometry were major determinants of distribution and composition of amphipods in Probolinggo and Tangerang."

"Tingginya input fosfat ke dalam sistem akuatik mengakibatkan eutrofikasi yang berujung pada terjadinya ledakan alga (algae blooming). Hal tersebut mendasari perlunya pengukuran fosfat di lingkungan. Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk pengukuran konsentrasi fosfat pada lingkungan perairan. Metode DGT pada penelitian ini menggunakan binding gel TiO2. Metode baru ini memperkenalkan penggunaan TiO2 dari hasil sintesis melalui metode sol-gel, bukan titanium dioksida berbasis adsorben (Metsorb) yang tersedia secara komersial. Pada penelitian ini diuji kemampuan binding gel TiO2 yang diperoleh dari hasil sintesis metode sol-gel dalam mengikat fosfat akibat gangguan anion, asam humat dan fosfat organik serta alikasi DGT pada lingkungan perairan. Pengaruh anionik diselidiki dengan menggunakan anion Cl-, SO42-, dan HCO3- dengan konsentrasi sampai 2.5 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, dibuktikan bahwa Cl- and SO42- tidak mempengaruhi binding gel dalam menyerap ortofosfat, sedangkan anion HCO3- mempengaruhi penyerapan fosfat. Berdasarkan penelitian ini juga diketahui bahwa keberadaan asam humat dan fosfat organik (asam fitat) dalam larutan fosfat mempengaruhi jumlah fosfat yang terikat pada binding gel TiO2. Percobaan ini membuktikan bahwa DGT tidak hanya mengikat ortofosfat yang bioavailable tetapi juga mengikat spesi fosfat organik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa DGT yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk memprediksi spesi fosfat yang bioavailable ternyata memiliki kelemahan.

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High input of phosphorus (P) as phosphate in aquatic system resulting eutrophication that lead to algae blooming. That is why the measurement of phosphate is in need. Diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) is already applied as in situ measurement method to determine the phosphate concentration in environmental water. DGT technique was investigated using TiO2 binding gel. This new method introduces the using of TiO2 synthesized via sol-gel method instead of the commercially available titanium dioxide based adsorbent (Metsorb). In fact, this research will introduce another observation towards synthesized TiO2 binding gel regarding the interferences of anions, humic acid, organic phosphate (phytic acid) and also reported measurement in environmental water using DGT method. The interferences of anionic investigated with anions Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3- with the concentration for each anion is up to 2,5 mg/L. From the experiments, it proves that Cl- and SO42- do not affect the adsorption of orthophosphate to binding gel, but anionic HCO3- does affect the adsorption. This research also figured out that the existence of humic acid and organic phosphate (phytic acid) in phosphate solution stirred for CDGT phosphate measurement affect the total amount of phosphate bind onto TiO2 gel. The experiment proved that the DGT is not only binding bioavailable orthophosphate but also binding the species of organic phosphate. Thus DGT as the prediction device of bioavailable species for phosphate has the disadvantage."

"Dimasa ini kebutuhan masyarakat akan alat bukti semakin meningkat guna dapat menjamin kepastian hukum dalam setiap perbuatan. Alat bukti yang memiliki kekuatan hukum pembuktian yang sempurna adalah alat bukti yang otentik, dimana alat bukti tersebut diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris diberikan wewenang kepada notaris sebagai pejabat umum untuk membuatnya. Namun seiring perkembangan zaman, tidak jarang dijumpai kasus yang melibatkan notaris. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian secara yuridis normatif, yakni penelitian hukum yang meletakkan hukum sebagai sebuah bangunan sistem norma. Guna melindungi profesi notaris dari tindakan kriminalisasi yang melibatkan notaris, maka atas kewenangan yang diberikan oleh undang-undang, maka menteri hukum dan hak asasi manusia membentuk majelis kehormatan pusat dan majelis kehormatan wilayah sebagai lembaga yang melindungi notaris dalam menjalankan jabatannya.

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In this time, people is increasing evidence in order to guarantee legal certainty in every deeds. Evidence which have the force as perfect proof is authentic evidence, which is evidence was base from Regulation of Civil Law and Notary Regulation was given an authority to notary as a public official to make it. But over time, it is not rare cases anymore that involving a notary. Therefore this research using a research method in normative juridical, namely legal research that put the law as a system of norms. In order to protect the profession notary from criminalization of actions involving a notary, then base on authority that given by law, Minister of Law and Human Rights form a Board of Honor Notary In Region as the intitusion that protects Notary in running their function."

"ABSTRAKBentuk oval pada sepertiga apikal saluran akar gigi premolar dua dan molar satu rahang atas serta molar satu rahang bawah seringkali tidak dapat terpreparasi dan dapat menyebabkan kegagalan. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi variasi penampang melintang sepertiga apikal saluran akar gigi premolar dua dan molar satu rahang atas serta molar satu rahang bawah. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 sampel gigi, di-scan menggunakan micro-CT Bruker SkyScan 1173. Masing-masing sepertiga apikal saluran akar dipotong dengan perangkat lunak DataViewer. Rasio diameter maksimum dan minimum dihitung dengan perangkat lunak Fiji ImageJ dan dikategorikan: bulat, oval, long oval, flat. Hasil: Prevalensi penampang melintang saluran akar premolar dua rahang atas, oval 66,7 , long oval 24,6 , flat 7 , bulat 1,7 . Molar satu rahang atas akar mesiobukal, oval 68,2 , long oval 22,7 , flat 9,1 ; distobukal, oval 94,1 , long oval 5,9 ; palatal oval 100 . Molar satu rahang bawah akar mesiobukal, long oval 47,4 , oval 36,8 , dan flat 15,8 ; mesiolingual oval 100 ; dan distal, oval 68,4 , long oval 21,1 , flat 10,5 . Kesimpulan: Penampang melintang oval pada sepertiga apikal saluran akar gigi premolar dua dan molar satu rahang atas serta molar satu rahang bawah ditemukan paling banyak, kecuali pada akar mesiobukal gigi molar satu rahang bawah ditemukan long oval 47,4 .

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ABSTRACTOval shaped in apical one third maxillary second premolars, maxillary first molars, and mandibular first molars often can rsquo t be cleaned and shaped, and could cause failure in the process. Objective To know the prevalence variation of apical one third cross section in root canals of maxillary second premolars, maxillary first molars, and mandibular first molars. Methods This research used 80 tooth samples, were scanned using micro CT Bruker SkyScan 1173. Each of apical one third root canal were sectioned using DataViewer software. Maximum and minimum diameter ratio was calculated using the Fiji ImageJ software and categorized round, oval, long oval, and flat. Results Prevalence of apical one third root canal cross section shape in maxillary second premolar, oval 66,7 , long oval 24,6 , flat 7 , round 1,7 . Maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root, oval 68,2 , long oval 22,7 , flat 9,1 distobuccal, oval 94,1 , long oval 5,9 and palatal oval 100 . Mandibular first molar mesiobuccal root, long oval 47,4 , oval 36,8 , flat 15,8 mesiolingual oval 100 and distal, oval 68,4 , long oval 21,1 , flat 10,5 . Conclusion Oval shape in cross section of apical one third in root canals of maxillary second premolars, maxillary first molars, and mandibular first molars were most found, except in mesiobuccal root in mandibular first molar was found long oval 47,4 . "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan representasi perselingkuhan dalam drama serial Fishbowl Wives (2022) serta implikasinya terhadap stereotipe alasan perselingkuhan berdasarkan gender dengan menggunakan teori representasi oleh Stuart Hall (1997) sebagai kerangka berpikir. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan pertanyaan kuesioner dari Infidelity Questionnaire (INFQ), metode analisis teks dan metode interpretasi komposisi visual sebagai metode analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Fishbowl Wives memperkuat stereotip dikotomi gender bahwa perempuan melakukan perselingkuhan karena alasan emosional, sedangkan laki-laki karena alasan kepuasan seksual tetapi di saat yang bersamaan menampilkan pula kerumitan yang berlapis di balik alasan tersebut.

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This study aims to reveal the representation of infidelity in the Fishbowl Wives (2022) drama series and its implications for the gender stereotype behind the reasons for infidelity by using representation theory by Stuart Hall (1997) as the theoretical framework. This study utilizes questionnaires from the Infidelity Questionnaire (INFQ), text analysis methods, and visual composition interpretation methods as analytical tools. The results show that Fishbowl Wives reinforces the gender stereotype that women commit adultery for emotional reasons, while men for sexual satisfaction but at the same time show the complexity behind these reasons."