Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Murabahah financing in syariah banking with trading principle, make syariah bank different compared to conventional banks. The difference has caused different understanding for Tax officials, regarding the Value Added Tax. Financing service is a bank service type that is not subject to Value Added Tax, in contrast, is a bank perform sell-purchase activities, which is not a banking business, is an object of Value Added Tax, since in a trading activities, transfer of good exists from a seller to a buyer. Understanding of Tax officer on murabahah transaction is a trade, contrary to the understanding of syariah banking practitioners, who consider murabahah transaction as a financing activity.Understanding of Tax officer regarding murabahah as a trade is based on the interpretation of Act No. 18 of 2000 regarding Value Added Tax, particularly in article 1 section 5 regarding the definition of service, article 1 section 12 regarding trading, article I section 15 regarding Taxable Entrepreneur (PKP) in the event of delivery of goods. This was confirmed by letter from the Director General of Tax No. S-10711PJ.5312003 dated 11 April 2003 and No. S-2431PJ.5312003 dated 3 October 2003.Understanding of syariah banking practitioners on murabahah as a bank financing service is based on the interpretation of the Act number 7 of 1992. which have been amended by the Act No, 10 of 1998 regarding banking, particularly in article 1 section 13 regarding the definition of syariah principles, article 6 section m regarding bank business based on syariah principles. The understanding was confirmed by the Government Regulation number 144 of 2000 regarding Types of Goods and Services not subject to Value Added Tax, particularly article 5 section d regarding banking services, including types of services not subject to Value Added Tax, Article 8 section a regarding types of banking according to the provision of the Act no. 7 of 1992 as has been amended by the Act no. 10 of 1998. The understanding was confirmed by the Act No. 18 of 2000 regarding Value Added Tax, in article 4A verse 3 section 4 regarding banking services that are not subject to Value Added Tax.Using method of comparison of prevailing laws, a legal analysis could be done. As a result of legal analysis, it is found that the Act of Value Added Tax and Banking contains inconsistency in regulating types of banking service. in their application by Tax officer, law may be superseded by a decision of the Directorate General of Tax, which has juridical power lower than the law.In order to strengthen the legal analysis, a scientific analysis should be done using standard statistical method. In identifying murabahah transaction as a syariah bank financing service, AHP method is used, which is aimed to determine the priority weight as the most dominant financing. Priority determination was done on 15 experts, and 7 of them could give consistent answers. Based on the AHP analysis, it was identified that murahabah transaction is a syariah bank financing transaction, with order of the most influencing condition criteria, as follows: need, quality of goods, benefit, purchase power, and periodic payment. Factors prioritized most in murabahah transaction in order are; profit margin, goods, price, and financing terms.Overall result of the analysis categorizes murahabah transaction as a financing transaction by syariah bank, either in legal manner, which is based on laws, or scientifically using AHP statistic method. Thus, murabahah is not a-i object of Value Added Tax despite the use of trading principles. Trading principles in murabahah is not the same as trading, which contains delivery of goods as is usually done by.Tax collection shall be made based on law, which shall act as guidance for Tax officer is performing their duties. Any provision made shall be based on law, it shall not contrary to prevailing laws. If necessary, amendment of law shall undergo phases already established.Analysis with AHP method relies on experts' opinion in determining weight of each predetermined hierarchical element. Selection of experts shall be appropriate and conform to their disciplines. Irrelevant and inconsistent expert will produce bias information, which may cause bias analysis."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berusaha mengkaji basis ekonomi eksternal dan internal dari perkembangan pertelevisian swasta yang secara pesat berkembang sekitar empat tahun terakhir ini di Indonesia. Studi ini menunjukkan bukti-bukti yang mengkonfirmasi thesis bahwa televisi swasta memberi kemungkinan luas bagi berlangsungnya dominasi budaya dan komunikasi yang pada gilirannya membawa pada dominasi ekonomi negara-negara maju, terutama Amerika Serikat, terhadap masyarakat Indonesia. Berbeda dengan stasiun televisi pemerintah, stasiun swasta- karena serangkaian karakteristiknya sebagai lembaga bisnis yang sangat tergantung pada iklan. Hampir-hampir secara kodrati menggantungkan dari pada impor program televisi di Barat.Namun, studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa lahirnya kebutuhan akan tv swasta bukanlah sesuatu yang datang tiba-tiba. Ia justru menjadi mata-rantai, penting (bila bukan terpenting) dari sebuah proses panjang sejak awal Orde Baru."

"This article elaborates the concept of 'intercultural dialogue," which is often posed as an alternate solution to ongoing international conflicts. Intercultural dialogue seeks its way to end violence by tracing and deconstructing false perceptions among hostile entities. Bearing in mind that intercultural dialogue is extremely complex, in avoiding the possibility of turning it into mere propaganda, terms of intercultural dialogue need to be defined. Several critical notes are pointed here. Firstly, communication is not a linear process. Secondly, it needs to be conducted in an open system. Thirdly, communication has to be carried out simultaneously on multiple levels to enable participation from various actors. Fourthly, communication should be conducted with the 'right entities,' those who need to be engaged in a dialogue the most but are often neglected (based on the perception that they are hard to communicate with)."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui reaksi pasar terhadap penerbitan obligasi perusahaan (corporate bonds). Penerbitan obligasi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan akan mengubah struktur modal dan memberikan beberapa konsekuensi bagi perusahaan baik itu positif maupun negatif. Pasar kemudian akan menilai dampak tersebut dan jika dianggap signifikan maka pasar akan bereaksi dan mengakibatkan perubahan terhadap harga saham. Terdapat beberapa teori yang mencoba menjelaskan perilaku pasar pada saat perusahaan menerbitkan obligasi. Salah satu yang menjadi dasar bagi penelitian ini ialah cash flow problem yang melihat penerbitan obligasi dapat meningkatkan risiko penggunaan kas yang tidak optimal oleh pihak manajemen sebagai pengendali.Metode yang digunakan ialah event study untuk menguji signifikansi reaksi pasar dan kemudian regresi multivariabel untuk menguji variabel kas, dividend payout, dan peringkat obligasi yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap reaksi pasar. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 45 perusahaan yang menerbitkan obligasi selama periode 2003-2008.Kesimpulan yang didapat ialah tidak terdapat reaksi pasar maupun variabel uji yang signifikan. Hasil tersebut kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh masih banyaknya keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk memperbaiki kelemahan tersebut.

---

The aim of this study is to examine the market reaction when companies issuing bonds. Corporate bond issue will affect its capital structure and gives several consequences to the company whether it is favorable or unfavorable. The market then will appraise the effect. If the effect is significant the market will reacts and makes stock price change. This study is based on the cash flow problem theory that seeing bond issue may increase the risk of unoptimal use of cash by management as the controlling party.

This study use event study method to see the significance of market reaction and multivariable regression to see the significance of cash, dividend payout, bond rating variable that may affect the market reaction. The samples of this research consist of 45 companies issuing bonds during 2003-2008.

The conclusion is neither the market reaction nor the determinant variables are significant. These results may due to many limitations of this study, and hence need further study to overcome those limitations."