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Abstrak :
Selama ini untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rompi anti peluru Indonesia mengimpor dari luar negri. Penelitian dibeberapa negara penghasil rompi anti peluru seperti Amerika Serikat, Belanda, Korea Selatan dan Prancis tentang pembuatan rompi anti peluru sifatnya tidak dipublikasikan karena menyangkut sistem pertahanan dan keamanan yang sangat rahasia. Sehingga sulit untuk mengetahui jenis material yang digunakan, cara pembuatan dan komposisi material penyusunnya. Untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap produk luar negri dilakukan penelitian internal oleh Balitbang DepHan RI untuk pembuatan rompi anti peluru dengan bahan dasar keramik. Kelemahan penggunaan keramik sebagai rompi anti peluru adalah sifatnya yang dapat mengabsorbsi air sehingga dapat menurunkan sifat mekaniknya. Selain itu proses pabrikasinya cukup sulit karena menggunakan hydoulic press untuk penekanannya. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian ini menggunaan material komposit yang terdiri dari kevlar®29 produksi DuPont, sebagai reinforcement material komposit anti peluru dipilih mengingat karakteristik fisikal kevlar® yang sangat baik. Sifatnya yang kuat, ringan, tahan terhadap panas sampai dengan suhu 400°C, stabil secara kimia dan fleksibel sangat mendukung untuk penggunaannya sebagai bahan dasar penyusun komposit material anti peluru.

Abstrak :
Pemanfaatan sumber energi merupakan hal yang penting untuk mengantisipasi kelangkaan dan mengurangi ketergantungan bahan bakar fosil di masa mendatang yang salah satunya adalah biodiesel. Diberlakukannya Keputusan No.3675K/24/DJM/2006 membuat biodiesel dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor. Namun, belum ada suatu sistem pendistribusian biodiesel yang terstruktur dan terintegrasi sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan pemanfaatannya dan menjaga keberlangsungan persediaannya. Dalam penelitian ini dirancang sebuah simulasi rantai suplai biodiesel sebagai bahan bakar substitusi atau pengganti BBM solar sepenuhnya dengan menggunakan campuran 5% dan 10% sebagai biosolar dengan studi kasus di DKI Jakarta. Simulasi rantai suplai ini melibatkan seluruh aspek yang terkait mulai dari pabrik pemasok CPO sampai SPB U. Pada studi ini terdapat dua Skenario rute yang dianalisa yaitu melalui pabrik olein dan tanpa melalui pabrik olein. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan harga biodiesel terendah pada skenario jalur distribusi yang melalui pabrik olein yaitu Rp 4821, - . Kondisi infrastruktur untuk skenario jalur distribusi yang melalui pabrik olein memerlukan tambahan satu buah unit blending pada tahun 2016 dan satu buah pabrik biodiesel pada tahun 2021.

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Energy alternative has been an important thing for anticipated the lack of fossil fuel and reduce its consumption. One of them is biodiesel. The regulation No.3675K/24/DJM/2006 makes biodiesel can be used as a transportation fuel. However, there is no structured and integrated system available for the distribution of biodiesel. This research will design the simulation of biodiesel supply chain to substitute solar fuel completely with 5% and 10% composition as biosolar with case study in DKI Jakarta. This simulation involve all aspect that related with biodiesel business which start from CPO producers until the fuel stations. This study has two alternative routes or scenarios that are being analyzed ; i.e through the olein industry and without the olein industry. The result of the simulation give the lowest price of biodiesel from scenario through olein industry which is Rp 4821,-. The infrastructure condition for scenario through olein industry needs one blending unit in 2016 and one biodiesel plant in 2021.

Abstrak :
Sebagai salah satu bentuk penghematan dan konservasi energi, perusahaan pembangkit listrik Muara Tawar akan mengganti Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) menjadi gas bumi. Titik suplai terdekat yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gas berada dilokasi Muara Bekasi. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pipa yang dapat menghubungkan kedua titik tersebut. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menghasilkan suatu rancangan sistem perpipaan transmisi gas dari titik suplai gas dengan tapping point Muara bekasi ke perusahaan pembangkit listrik Muara Tawar melalui jalur lepas pantai. Perancangan ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan data teknis dan data suplai-permintaan gas perusahaan pembangkit listrik Muara Tawar, dilanjutkan dengan analisis data, pembuatan rute serta hasil kondisi teknis desain. Standar desain yang digunakan adalah DnV 2000. Kebutuhan gas perusahaan pembangkit listrik Muara Tawar adalah 400 MMSCFD (Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day). Dari data sekunder, diperoleh panjang total rute alternatif 3,7 km. Diameter pipa Carbon Steel yang digunakan memiliki diameter nominal 22 inch. Tekanan suplai gas adalah 350 psig dengan tekanan di titik demand ditetapkan sebesar 500 psig sehingga dibutuhkan kompresor. Pada sistem perpipaan yang dirancang, diperoleh tekanan di titik akhir sebelum masuk kompresor adalah 321,7 psig. Faktor kestabilan pipa pada dasar laut menjadi faktor penentu dan diperoleh berat minimum pipa yaitu 793,16 ton, sedangkan hasil rancangan sebesar 932,6 ton. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut, dapat disimpulkan pipa akan stabil pada dasar laut.

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Power plant Muara Tawar will substitute the need of oil fuel to gas as form of economizing and energy conservation. The nearest supply point to fulfill natural gas needed on Muara Bekasi. So that Power Plant Company needed to develop gas pipeline infrastructure to joining the point.The purpose of this study is to create a system of gas transmission pipeline from gas supply point at Muara Bekasi to Power Plant Muara Tawar trough to offshore area. Design of gas transmission pipeline is started with technical data collection and supply-demand analyzing, continued with data analysis, rute construction and result of condition operation. The standard design of this design is DnV 2000. Gas demand in Power Plant Muara Tawar is 400 MMSCFD. From secondary data had been obtained total length of alternative route 3.7 km. Carbon Steel pipe diameter which had been used 22 inch nominal diameter. Gas supply pressure is 350 psig with pressure of demand point is setted on 500 psig. On pipeline system design the preesure before put in to compressor is around 321.7 psig. The design on bottom stability factor is the main concern. From the design calculation the total minimum pipe weight is 793.16 ton, whereas the design around 932.6 ton. Therefore, the pipe will be stable on bottom of sea.

Abstrak :
Dimethyl ether (DME) is a type of renewable energy that could replace the use of fossil fuel in Indonesia. Nevertheless, DME can cause degradation of rubber-based materials. Therefore, the performance of rubber that has been degraded by DME must be improved. This research study aims are to determine the degradation characteristics of modified vulcanized natural rubber in a DME environment. The effect of the filler (carbon black) and plasticizer (minarex-B) components of vulcanized natural rubber was examined. The vulcanized rubber samples were comprised of 10, 30, and 60 parts per hundred rubbers (phr) of filler and 0, 10 and 20 phr of plasticizer. The degradation of the mass and mechanical properties of the rubber were investigated. Degradation testing was conducted by immersing the samples inside a pressure vessel that was filled with the liquid phase of DME. The results indicate that the increasing of the filler composition reduces the impact of degradation, while the increasing of the plasticizer composition has the opposite effect. The plasticizer is needed to distribute the filler to all parts of the rubber. Consequently, a filler composition of 30 phr and a plasticizer composition of 10 phr provide a vulcanized natural rubber with optional protection against the degradation caused by DME. The characteristics of natural rubber, as measured by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) proved that DME does not damage the structure of the polymer chains, although DME may react with some ingredients in the rubber that have a similar polarity.

Abstrak :
Dimethyl ether (DME) is a type of renewable energy that could replace the use of fossil fuel in Indonesia. Nevertheless, DME can cause degradation of rubber-based materials. Therefore, the performance of rubber that has been degraded by DME must be improved. This research study aims are to determine the degradation characteristics of modified vulcanized natural rubber in a DME environment. The effect of the filler (carbon black) and plasticizer (minarex-B) components of vulcanized natural rubber was examined. The vulcanized rubber samples were comprised of 10, 30, and 60 parts per hundred rubbers (phr) of filler and 0, 10 and 20 phr of plasticizer. The degradation of the mass and mechanical properties of the rubber were investigated. Degradation testing was conducted by immersing the samples inside a pressure vessel that was filled with the liquid phase of DME. The results indicate that the increasing of the filler composition reduces the impact of degradation, while the increasing of the plasticizer composition has the opposite effect. The plasticizer is needed to distribute the filler to all parts of the rubber. Consequently, a filler composition of 30 phr and a plasticizer composition of 10 phr provide a vulcanized natural rubber with optional protection against the degradation caused by DME. The characteristics of natural rubber, as measured by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) proved that DME does not damage the structure of the polymer chains, although DME may react with some ingredients in the rubber that have a similar polarity.

Abstrak :
The electronic industry’s need for semiconductor material is increasing each year due to technology’s rapid development. Semiconductor material has an electric conductivity of approximately 10-8-103 S/cm, and it is used as an important component in electronic devices. Semiconductor material is generally made of plastic modified with conductive filler. The problem with using semiconductor material is that the discarded components can be plastic waste that requires significant time to degrade; therefore, the synthesis of semiconductor material from natural substances must be observed. One of these natural substances is nata de coco fiber modified with a conductive filler. The impregnation method is used in the synthesis of the nata de coco fiber composite. The fillers used in this study are ZnO and silica, and the size of the filler particle and the concentration of the filler suspension are used as variations. From the SEM-EDX results, it can be seen that the filler is successfully deposited on the nata de coco fiber. Silica filler gives a higher conductivity than ZnO filler because of its lower energy band gap. The highest conductivity result is obtained from the composite impregnated in a 0.3-0.4 mm particle diameter of filler with 3% w/v suspension concentration for three days, producing the conductivity result of 6.95×10-6 S/cm for ZnO filler and 10.1×10-6 S/cm for silica filler, or about 16 times higher than the conductivity of nata de coco fiber.