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"Benzo(a)piren merupakan senyawa hidrokarbon polisiklik aromatik yang berpotensi karsinogenik pada manusia. Benzo(a)piren ditemukan dalam makanan yang dipanggang dengan pemanasan pada suhu tinggi diatas 200oC dan merupakan hasil dari pirolisis lemak. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) untuk menentukan benzo(a)piren secara kuantitatif dalam ikan bakar dengan menggunakan kolom Kromasil C18-RP. Benzo(a)piren dideteksi pada panjang gelombang eksitasi 345 nm dan panjang gelombang emisi 430 nm, fase gerak asetonitril-air (90:10), dan laju alir 1,2 mL/menit. Waktu retensi yang dibutuhkan benzo(a)piren adalah ± 10,0 menit. Empat sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yakni ikan bakar tanpa bumbu yang dibakar diatas arang hingga matang, ikan bakar bumbu yang dibakar diatas arang hingga setengah matang, ikan bakar bumbu yang dibakar diatas arang hingga matang, ikan bakar bumbu yang dibakar dalam oven hingga matang. Sampel disaponifikasi dengan KOH 2M dalam metanol menggunakan refluks selama tiga jam, kemudian disari dengan heksana. Filtrat heksana diuapkan dengan gas N2 sampai didapat ekstrak kering. Ekstrak kering dilarutkan dengan fase gerak. Kurva kalibrasi dibuat pada rentang 20 ? 200 ng/mL. Hasilnya menunjukkan nilai linieritas yang baik yakni 0,99985, batas deteksi 3,709 ng/mL, batas kuantitasi 12,366 ng/mL dan koefisien variasi sebesar 1,48 %. Dari empat sampel yang dianalisis, hanya satu sampel yang kadarnya dapat dihitung yaitu sampel III, ikan bakar bumbu yang dibakar diatas arang hingga matang dengan kadar sebesar 0,8256 ng/g ± 0,1173 ng/g.

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Benzo(a)pyrene having the potential carcinogenic for human is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzo(a)pyrene was found in food that was strongly heated to more than 200oC and formed from lipid pyrolysis. In this experiment, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for the quantitative determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in grilled fish using Kromasil C18-RP as column. Benzo(a)pyrene was detected at 345 nm excitation and 430 nm emission wavelength, asetonitril-water (90:10) as mobile phase, at the flow of 1.2 mL/minutes. Retention time of benzo(a)pyrene is about 10.0 minutes. Four samples were used in this experiment, i.e. grilled fish without spices in charcoal grilled until done, grilled fish with spices in charcoal grilled half done, grilled fish with spices in charcoal grilled until done, and grilled fish with spices in oven grilled until done. Samples were treated with KOH 2M in methanol for saponification followed by reflux for three hours, then the filtrate was extracted with hexane. The hexane phase was vapoured with N2 until the extract was dry. The residue obtained was dissolved with mobile phase. Calibration curve was performed in the range of 20 ? 200 ng/mL. Result showed good linierity with coefficient of correlation is 0.99985, limit of detection is 3.709 ng/mL, limit of quantitation is 12.366 ng/mL and the coefficient of variance is 1.48 %. One out of four samples can be calculated, i.e. grilled fish with spices in charcoal grilled (sample number three). The concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in sample number three is 0.8256 ng/g ± 0.1173 ng/g."

"Latar Belakang: Tumor sistem saraf pusat (SSP) meningkatkan tekanan intrakranial dan menyebabkan berbagai gangguan neurologis yang dapat memengaruhi status gizi pasien. Status gizi memengaruhi imunitas bawaan dan adaptif. Pada hampir semua jenis keganasan kadar asam amino rantai cabang (AARC) didapatkan rendah. Asam amino rantai cabang meningkatkan imunitas dengan meningkatkan fagositik neutrofil, proliferasi limfosit, sintesis protein, menjaga jalur pensinyalan yang sensitif terhadap nutrisi. Rasio neutrofil limfosit (RNL) menggambarkan keseimbangan sistem imunitas dengan inflamasi. Peningkatan RNL dihubungkan dengan penurunan respon imun tubuh, terapi, harapan hidup dan prognosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan AARC terhadap RNL pada pasien tumor SSP.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien tumor SSP yang dirawat di RSCM. Karakteristik subjek berupa usia, jenis kelamin, jenis tumor, defisit neurologis, status performa karnofsky, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status gizi berdasarkan ASPEN, penyakit komorbid, status infeksi, kemoterapi, radiasi, dan atau kemoradiasi, terapi glukokortikoid, asupan energi dan protein, asupan AARC, serta nilai RNL. Dilakukan analisis hubungan antara dua kelompok asupan AARC yang dibagi sesuai median populasi penelitian terhadap RNL.Hasil: Terdapat 66 subjek penelitian dengan median usia 48 tahun, mayoritas subjek perempuan (56,1%), dengan jenis tumor sekunder sebanyak 38 subjek (57,6%). Defisit neurologis tertinggi berupa nyeri kepala (60,6%), proporsi status performa karnofsky terganggu sedang-berat (60,6%). Proporsi IMT estimasi normal sebanyak 34,8%, rerata IMT 23,46 ± 4,95 kg/m2, dengan mayoritas malnutrisi (54,5%) berdasarkan kriteria ASPEN. Mayoritas subjek tidak memiliki komorbid (65,2%), tidak infeksi (80,3%), tidak menjalani kemoterapi, radiasi dan atau kemoradiasi (84,8%), serta tidak mendapat glukokortikoid (71,2%). Rerata asupan energi 1519 kkal, protein 65 g/hari, median AARC 9 g/hari. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai RNL (p=0,047) pada kelompok asupan AARC <9 g/hari (median RNL 4,9); pada kelompok asupan AARC ≥9 g/hari (median RNL 3,1).

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Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors increase intracranial pressure and cause various neurological disorders that can affect the nutritional status of patients. Nutritional status influences both innate and adaptive immunity. In almost all malignancies, low levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are observed. Branched-chain amino acids enhance immunity by increasing neutrophil phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation, protein synthesis, and maintaining nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the balance of the immune system with inflammation. An elevated NLR is associated with decreased body immune response, therapy outcomes, life expectancy, and prognosis. This study aims to determine the relationship between BCAA intake and NLR in CNS tumor patients.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study on CNS tumor patients treated at RSCM. Subject characteristics include age, gender, tumor type, neurological deficits, Karnofsky performance status, body mass index (BMI), nutrition status based on ASPEN, comorbidities, infection status, chemotherapy, radiation, and/or chemoradiation, glucocorticoid therapy, energy, and protein intake, BCAA intake, and NLR values. The analysis examines the relationship between two groups of BCAA intake divided according to the study population's median with NLR.

Results: There were 66 study subjects with a median age of 48 years, mostly female subjects (56,1%), with 38 subjects (57,6%) having secondary tumors. The highest neurological deficit was headache (60,6%), and the majority have a moderately to severely impaired Karnofsky performance status (60,6%). The proportion of estimated normal Body Mass Index (BMI) was 34.8%, with a mean BMI of 23,46 ± 4,95 kg/m2, and the majority were malnourished (54,5%) based on ASPEN criteria. Most subjects had no comorbidities (65,2%), no infections (80,3%), did not undergo chemotherapy, radiation, and/or chemoradiation (84,8%), and did not receive glucocorticoids (71.2%). The mean energy intake was 1519 kcal, protein intake 65 g/day, and the median BCAA was 9 g/day. There was a significant difference in the NLR values (p=0,047) between the group with BCAA intake <9 g/day (median NLR 4,9) and the group with BCAA intake ≥9 g/day (median NLR 3,1).

Conclusion: BCAA intake is related to NLR values in CNS tumor patients. Higher BCAA intake is associated with lower NLR values."