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"Pencarian sumber energi baru dan terbarukan sebagai sumoer energi alternatif terus dilakukan, mengingat semakin berkurangnya cadangan sumber energi hidrokarbon di dunia. Salah satu potensi sumber energi altematif yang dapat dikonversikan menjadi energi listrik di Indonesia adalah energi ombak. Hal ini mengingat kenyataan bahwa tujuh puluh persen dari luas wilayah Indonesia berupa laut. Teknologi konversi energi ombak yang sudah dikembangkan adalah teknologi "Saluran meruncing" (Tapered Channel) atau Tapchan, teknologi "Kolom Air Berosilasi" (Oscillating Water Column/OWC) seperti Mighty Whale, "Tangki udara bertekanan tetap" (Constant Air Pressure Tank) dan sebagainya. Pada tesis ini akan dibahas mengenai potensi ombak di Indonesia yang dilanjutkan dengan studi pemanfaatan energi ombak untuk pembangkitan tenaga listrik dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai hal seperti tinggi, periode ombak serta besarnya daya yang dapat dimanfaatkan.

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The search for new and renewable energy as alternative energy resources is still being done due to the depletion of hydrocarbon reserves all over the world One of this alternative energy resources which can be converted into electrical energy in Indonesia is sea wave energy. This is because of the fact that 70% of Indonesia's surface consists of the sea. Sea waves energy conversion technologies already being developed are the Tapered Channel technology or Tapchan, Oscillating Water Column technology like Mighty Whale, Constant Air Pressure Tank, etc. This thesis discusses the sea waves energy potential in Indonesia followed by a study to utilize it for electric power generation by keeping in mind many points like height, periods of sea waves and the power which can be utilized."

"Reflector is used to increase the amount of solar radiation that the solar panels are exposed with, thus increasing the production of electric power. Parameters and I-V characteristic curve of a solar panel is strongly influenced by the amount of solar radiation received by the solar panels. This paper will discuss the effects of flat reflectors on the parameters and I-V characteristic curve of the solar panels. The parameters are solar radiation and temperature at solar panel, maximum power output (PMPP), voltage when PMPP is reached (VMPP), current when PMPP is reached (IMPP), short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), and Fill Factor (FF). In this study, the types of reflector material are stainless steel mirror and aluminum foil. Reflector is placed beside solar panels. Reflector tilt angle was varied at 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees. The measurement results show that the greatest increases in solar panel producing electric power are achieved at 75 degrees tilt angle. Aluminum foil reflector and stainless steel mirror can increase power output of solar panels until around 31.5 % and 21.5% respectively. In this tilt angle, for these two types of material reflector, VOC and VMPP tend not to change, ISC, IMPP, solar radiation and temperature on solar panel are increasing, whereas FF is decreasing around 4%. Changes in these parameters refer to the condition without a reflector."

"The performance of solar panels is determined based on the Maximum Power Output and the Fill Factor (FF) under a Standard Test Condition (STC). STC is a standard test condition in which the solar panels ideally work. STC testing methods do not consider the factors that affect the performance of solar panels, such as solar radiation and temperature changes. This study discusses a method that is simple and easy to determine the performance of crystalline solar panels. This method is based on comparison of the normal cumulative probability distribution of the Fill Factor on radiation and temperature variations to STC conditions. The experiment shows that A-180 Photovoltaic (PV) has a better performance rating than B-180 PV with a probability ratio of 27.12% and 16.09, respectively. The Gaussian Method which is used also can be verified by maximum power measurement at radiation of 1000 W/m2. Results show that A-180 PV has a better power ratio with 81.55%, which is higher than B-180 PV with 78.6%."