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Abstrak :
Namun penerapan pembatasan ekspor minyak bumi harus sesuai dengan ketentuan WTO/GATT yang telah diratifikasi dan mengikat Indonesia untuk menghindari adanya klaim dari negara anggota WTO/GATT lainnya. Ketentuan WTO/GATT tersebut diinterpretasikan secara harmonis dengan hukum internasional lainnya dalam hal ini prinsip permanent sovereignty of states over natural resources (PSNR). Pembatasan ekspor minyak bumi selain tarif (non tariff) pada dasarnya dilarang menurut ketentuan Pasal XI ayat 1 GATT kecuali dibenarkan menurut ketentuan Pasal XI ayat 2, XX dan XXI GATT. Indonesia telah menerapkan ketentuan/kebijakan yang dapat membatasi ekspor minyak bumi dalam bentuk non tarif berupa pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan minyak bumi bagian negara yang dihasilkan dari Kontrak Kerja Sama (KKS) dengan kontraktor oleh BPMIGAS dan PT Pertamina, ijin ekspor minyak bumi dan kewajiban kontraktor menyerahkan minyak bumi bagiannya menurut KKS bagi hasil sebesar 25% (dua puluh lima persen) (domestic market obligation). Ketentuan tersebut belum dapat membatasi ekspor minyak bumi sesuai kebutuhan dalam negeri dan, untuk ijin ekspor dan domestic market obligation, dapat melanggar ketentuan Pasal XI GATT. Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan perubahan aturan/kebijakan yang dapat membatasi ekspor minyak bumi sebagai solusinya yaitu perubahan ketentuan konsep KKS bagi hasil (production sharing) menjadi revenue sharing, penerapan KKS jasa dan tarif ekspor. ......This thesis regarding the crude oil export restrictions which is necessary to supply domestic needs. However, the crude oil export restrictions must be applied in accordance with the provisions of the WTO / GATT that have been ratified and binding on Indonesia to avoid any claim from other WTO/GATT's member. Such WTO/GATT provisions shall be interpreted in harmony with other international law, in this case the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (PSNR). Crude oil export restrictions other than tariffs are basically prohibited under Article XI:1 GATT unless justified under Article XI:2, XX and XXI GATT. Indonesia have applied non tariff measures which may restrict the crude oil export in the form of management and utilization of government's crude oil entitlement under Joint Cooperation Contract (JOC) by BPMIGAS and PT. Pertamina, crude oil export license and contractor's domestic market obligation equal to 25% (twenty five percent) of contractor's crude oil entitlement under JOC production sharing. Such provisions is unable to restrict crude oil export in accordance with domestic needs and, for crude oil export license and contractor's domestic market obligation, may conflict with the provisions of Article XI:1 of GATT. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the measures which can be used to restrict export of crude oil by replacing the concept of JOC production sharing with JOC revenue sharing as well as applying JOC services contract and export tariffs.

Abstrak :
This work is a well-researched study of the last few decades of the networks in the Global Justice Movement (GJM) and World Social Forums. It offers a more novel perspective on the traditions of protest, ethics, organizational forms, and visions among activists than is usually presented in the literature on GJM, which largely focuses on Latin America, the United States of America, and Europe. It is an ethnographically rooted account of the two conflicting discourses-one among activists in GJM and the other emanating from the World Bank-that have become intertwined locally within the same circle of activists. The author argues that local and transnational activist networks, no longer spatially and territorially limited, have become entangled with forces understood under the paradigms of neoliberalism, and relations among activists have changed in unexpected ways. Through a vivid description of transnational movements, this book aims to make evident the not-so-obvious yet intricate links between the World Bank, the United Nations, popular rock stars, and historical knowledge production among activists in South Asia and Japan in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

Abstrak :
Penggunaan angiografi dengan dosis tinggi memerlukan kendali mutu yang dilaksanakan oleh fisikawan medik klinis. Saat ini, AAPM telah memiliki protokol khusus kendali mutu angiografi, yakni AAPM Task Group 272. Sedangkan di Indonesia, protokol yang digunakan adalah Peraturan BAPETEN Nomor 2 tahun 2022 yang melingkupi seluruh jenis fluoroskopi. Karenanya, diperlukan studi komparasi kedua protokol untuk persiapan implementasi ke pesawat angiografi. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pembandingan antara komponen uji di kedua protokol tersebut. Ditemukan bahwa komponen yang memiliki kemiripan metode adalah pengukuran dosis, baik laju dosis tipikal maupun laju dosis maksimum. Perbedaan di kedua protokol terdapat pada geometri pengukuran. Penelitian juga membandingkan pengaruh nilai lolos uji kedua protokol terhadap status kelolosan uji dari data sekunder berupa hasil uji kesesuaian dari CMPB LST FMIPA UI periode 2013-2018. Adaptasi protokol AAPM Task Group 272 dapat meningkatkan jumlah lolos uji sebanyak 21% karena telah mengakomodir sistem digital. ......The use of high-dose angiography requires quality control performed by clinical medical physicists. Currently, AAPM has a special protocol for angiography quality control, namely AAPM Task Group 272. Whereas in Indonesia, the protocol used is BAPETEN Regulation No. 2 of 2022 which covers all types of fluoroscopy. Therefore, a comparative study of the two protocols is needed to prepare for implementation into angiography aircraft. In this study, a comparison was made between the test components in the two protocols. It was found that the component that has similarity in method is dose measurement, both typical dose rate and maximum dose rate. The difference in the two protocols is in the measurement geometry. The study also compared the effect of the test pass value of the two protocols on the test pass status of secondary data in the form of conformity test results from CMPB LST FMIPA UI for the period 2013-2018. Adaptation of the AAPM Task Group 272 protocol can increase the number of test passes by 21% because it has accommodated digital systems.