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Latar belakang: Proses belajar penting bagi seorang anak dalam perkembangannya. Anak dapat belajar dengan baik bila didukung kondisi yang baik pula. Salah satu faktor pendukung tersebut adalah fungsi memori kerja. Penelitian menunjukkan memori kerja merupakan prediktor kapasitas belajar yang lebih bermakna daripada intelligence quotient (IQ). Bila fungsi ini terganggu, anak dapat mengalami kesulitan belajar. Studi melaporkan gangguan memori kerja banyak ditemukan pada gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba mendapatkan data proporsi gangguan memori kerja pada anak GPPH dan perbandingan dengan anak tanpa GPPH. Data ini diharapkan dapat menjadi data dasar bagi pengembangan intervensi selanjutnya.

 

Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang pada bulan Mei 2017 hingga Mei 2019. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode randomized sampling menggunakan program SPSS. Instrumen Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview KID (M.I.N.I. KID) digunakan untuk membantu menegakkan 24 diagnosis gangguan jiwa anak dan remaja yang terdapat di DSM-IV dan ICD-10 secara komprehensif dan Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) dgunakan untuk menentukan ada tidaknya defisit memori kerja pada anak berusia 5-11 tahun dan telah divalidasi dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Wiguna, dkk. (2012).

 

Hasil: Proporsi gangguan memori kerja pada kelompok anak dengan GPPH berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kelompok anak tanpa GPPH (44% vs 0%, p<0,05). Pada uji analisis, didapatkan prevalence ratio (PR) sebesar 40,4 (95%CI 2,22 - 738,01), artinya anak dengan GPPH berisiko mengalami gangguan memori kerja 40,4 kali lebih besar dibandingkan anak tanpa GPPH. Rerata WMRS juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok subjek dengan GPPH dan kelompok subjek tanpa GPPH [50,48 (SB=11,08) vs 30,60 (SB=8,04), p<0,05] namun tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok subjek dengan GPPH yang mengkonsumsi metilfenidat hidroklorida  dan yang tidak mengkonsumsi metilfenidat hidroklorida [50,93 (SB=10,25) vs 50,09 (SB=11,26), p=0,85].

 

Simpulan: Gangguan memori kerja lebih banyak ditemukan pada anak dengan GPPH. Temuan ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian lainnya. Oleh karena itu, pemeriksaan memori kerja pada anak dengan GPPH sebaiknya dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi kesulitan belajar yang mungkin timbul di kemudian. Intervensi tambahan, seperti game therapy dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki gangguan memori kerja yang ditemukan pada anak-anak dengan GPPH.

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Background: Learning process is important in child’s development. Children may learn well if supported by good conditions. One of the supporting factors is working memory. Research shows working memory is more meaningful learning capacity’s predictor than intelligence quotient (IQ). If this function is interrupted, children can experience learning difficulties. Studies reporting working memory impairment often found in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, this study tried to obtain data on the proportion of working memory impairment in ADHD children and its comparison with healthy children. Results is expected to be the basic data for the development of further interventions.

 

Method: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design in May 2017 to May 2019. Sampling was done by randomized sampling method using the SPSS program. The Mini International Neuropsychiatry KID Interview Instrument (MINI KID) was used to establish 24 diagnoses of child and adolescent mental disorders comprehensively as in the DSM-IV and ICD-10, and the Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) was used to determine the presence or absence of working memory deficits in children aged 5-11 years and have been validated in Indonesian by Wiguna et al. (2012).

 

Results: Proportion of working memory impairments in ADHD group was significantly different compared to group without ADHD (44% vs 0%, p <0.05). Analysis test shows children with ADHD were at risk of experiencing working memory impairment 40.4 times greater than children without ADHD (prevalence ratio 40.4, 95% CI 2.22 - 738.01). The average WMRS scores also showed significant difference between group with ADHD and without ADHD [50.48 (SD = 11.08) vs 30.60 (SD = 8.04), p <0.05]

but not significantly different between who consumed and those who did not consume methylphenidate hydrochloride [50.93 (SD = 10.25) vs 50.09 (SD = 11.26), p = 0.85].

 

Conclusions: Working memory disorders are more common in children with ADHD. This finding is in accordance with the results of other studies. Therefore, examination of working memory in children with ADHD should be done to anticipate learning difficulties that may arise later. Additional interventions, such as game therapy, can be considered to improve working memory impairment found in children with ADHD.

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"Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi mengenai proses belajar mengajar di kecamatan Matraman dan persepsi mengenai prestasi peserta didik dan terakhir adalah untuk mengetahui signifikasi hubungan antara proses belajar mengajar dengan prestasi peserta didik.Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi penelitian Kecamatan Matraman dengan sampel menggunakan teknik random menghasilkan 116 responden, alat analisis untuk menjawab hipotesis adalah korelasi dan uji hipotesis.Hasil observasi memperlihatkan bahwa persepsi responden terhadap variabel proses belajar mengajar menghasilkan nilai rata-rata pernyatan cukup baik artinya rata-rata responden memberikan pernyataan bahwa proses belajar mengajar sudah berada pada kondisi cukup baik dan cukup dapat diterima oleh responden. Pada variabel prestasi peserta didik dengan hasil rata-rata tanggapan responden berada pada klasifikasi baik artinya sebagian besar responden memberikan pernyataan bahwa prestasi peserta didik sudah dalam kondisi baik.Hasil uji statistik menghasilkan ada hubungan antara proses belajar mengajar dengan prestasi peserta didik dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0.488 dengan demikian terdapat hubungan positif relatif kuat antar variabel. R-square 0.238 atau 23.8% dengan demikian nilai constata atau nilai murni tanpa dipengaruhi oleh variabel prestasi sebesar 21199 dengan nilai regresi sebesar 0.438 dengan demikian bila proses belajar mengajar ditingkatkan sebesar 1 point maka akan menyebabkan peningkatan hasil uji hipotesis memperlihatkan maka (Ho) ditolak dan (Ha) diterima artinya ada hubungan antara proses belajar mengajar dengan prestasi peserta didik.

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The Relation Between Studying Teaching Process with the Achievement of StudentsThe purpose of this research is to find out about the perception of studying teaching process in Matraman sub-district and the perception of students' achievement and last is to find out about the significance of relationship between studying teaching processes with students' achievement.

This research uses descriptive and quantitative method to research population in Matraman Sub-district with sample using random technique resulting in 116 respondents, analysis tool to answer hypothesis is hypothesis correlation and test.

The result of observation shows that respondent perception to studying teaching process variables results in average value of statement is sufficiently good, meaning the average respondents giving the statement that the studying teaching process has been in sufficiently good condition and sufficiently acceptable by respondents. In achievement variable of students results in the average respondent?s responses in good classification, meaning most of the respondents giving the statement that the achievement of students have been in good condition.

The result of statistical test shows that there is a relation between studying teaching process with the achievement of students with correlation value of 0.488_ thus there is a relative strong relation among the variables. R-square of 0.238 or 23.8% thus the constant value or pure value without being affected by achievement variables of 21199 with regressive value of 0.438. So if the studying teaching process is improved to 1 point thus it would result in progression, the result of hypothetical test shows [t calculation > t rabic] thus (Ho) is turned down and (Ha) is accepted, meaning there is a relation between the studying teaching process with students achievements."

"Monetary crisis on mid 97 in Indonesia have evolved to multidimentional crisis becoming a a dark beginning for economic and business in Indonesia. Now, eventhough Indonesia has recovered bit by bit but the effect of the crisis still impacting on Indonesia economic many companies suffer from financial loss and many companies also go in bankruptcy. Meanwhile, it's a company obligation to pay tax and our duty as a good citizen for developing our country economic.These matters often became a dilemma for a company, especially for a company in recovery and reorganizing state. Because of these matters, we need tax planning to minimize tax that have to pay company has to pay , but all of that have to be under tax regulation.

The purpose of this thesis are to explain about tax planning for taxpayer using regulation abot right of the taxpayer, which is handled by regulations. Because this thesis using case study of PT X, so we only observed tax planning action of PT X such as : revaluation of fixed assets and import tax-free according to PPh article 22. Beside that the purpose are to analyze PT X Tax Planning whether in the tax regulation or not and analyzing the tax saving of PT X by using PT X right as a taxpayer.

The type of research we use in this thesis are descriptive analytic with data gathering such as field research and library research which is from literature books, magazine, journal, tax regulation, ministerial regulation, letter of taxation directory general and intents interview under strictly guidance with auditor of company PT X, Tax Consultant, Tax Authority, and scholars.

Some research finding are ; (1)Tax planning from PT X using tax free PPh article 22 and revaluation of fixed assets are the right of PT X as a taxpayer, (2) Tax planning mechanism iifom PT X still under the tax regulation, because it isn?t violating the tax regulation, (3) Income tax saving from PT X, using taxpayer right such as import tax free PPh article 22 and revaluation of fixed assets causing a good significan result. With import tax Hee PPh article 22, PT X has made good efficiency of cash How and time value of money. By using outgoing fund in investment, PT X will gain retum for the investments. Revaluation of Fixed assets is very efficient for optimizing loss carry-forward, avoiding the PPh article 25 (board). Besides, in the future PT X can charge the depreciation cost from the fixed assets reevaluating so can decreased the total debt.

From the explanation above, the recommendation for PT X is the company has to increased the understanding about taxation regulation due to tax planning, and follow up with all changes, So PT X could find a good opportunity from tax planning and PT X could gain tax saving. In the other side, Goverment has also increased the competency of appraisal and giving import tax free PPh article 22 selectively."

"Skripsi ini membahas hubungan bauran promosi dengan penjualan dan laba penjualan polis asuransi studi kasus pada PT. Asuransi Umum Bumiputera Muda 1967. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan data sekunder berupa biaya promosi, hasil penjualan dan laba penjualan untuk melihat hubungan biaya promosi dengan penjualan dan laba penjualan polis asuransi pada PT. Asuransi Umum Bumiputera Muda 1967. Setelah dilakukan uji korelasi statistik non parametrik, diketahui bahwa bauran promosi tidak berhubungan dengan penjualan, namun pada bauran promosi dimensi promosi penjualan dan hubungan masyarakat terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan laba penjualan. Untuk itu PT. Asuransi Umum Bumiputera Muda sebaiknya membentuk ulang strategi pemasaran yang lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan penjualan serta melakukan inovasi-inovasi terhadap bauran promosi produknya.

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This script is talking about the relations of promotion mix with sales and sales profit of insurance policy, case study for PT. Asuransi Umum Bumiputera Muda 1967. The research in this script is quantitative research which is using secondary data such as promotion cost, sales product and sales profit to see the relations of promotion cost with sales and sales profit of insurance policy at PT. Asuransi Umum Bumiputera Muda 1967. After statistic correlation non parametric test is done, is known that promotion mix is not related with the sales, however, at promotion mix combination the dimention of sales promotion and public relations have a significant relations with sales profit. For that, PT. Asuransi Umum Bumiputera Muda 1967 should remake the marketing strategy to be more effective in increasing the sales and do some innovation to promotion mix of its product."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efektivitas mengunyah permen karet dan intervensi mobilisasi dini. Sebuah penelitian time series, 46 wanita pasca bedah sesar elektif dengan anestesi spinal dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok. Uji man-whitney dan chi-square digunakan untuk analisis statistik. Frekuensi bising usus (7 ± 5-10 dibanding 6 ± 1-8,). Waktu pertama kali flatus (7 ± 6-10 dibanding16 ± 11-20), secara signifikan lebih cepat muncul pada kelompok mengunyah permen karet dan intervensi mobilisasi dini dibandingkan dengan yang intervensi mobilisasi dini. Nilai masing-masing p=0,00 dan p=0,00. Mengunyah permen karet dan intervensi mobilisasi dini efektif dalam mempercepat pengembalian motilitas usus pasca bedah sesar dan dapat digunakan sebagai manajemen protokol pasca operasi;The aim of study was to prove the effectiveness of gum‑chewing and early mobilization intervention. A time series study with fourty-six women for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were divided into two groups. The Student’s man-whitney and chi‑square test were used for statistical analysis. The frequency of bowel sounds (7 ± 5-10 vs 6 ± 1-8). The first passage of flatus (7 ±6-10 vs 16 ± 11-20), were significantly reduced in patients that chewed gum and early mobilization intervention compared with early mobilization intervention. p=0,00 and p=0,00, respectively. Gum‑chewing and early mobilization intervention have a beneficial effect on early return of bowel function following cesarean section and should be included in the postoperative management protocol., The aim of study was to prove the effectiveness of gum‑chewing and earlymobilization intervention. A time series study with fourty-six women for electivecaesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were divided into two groups. TheStudent’s man-whitney and chi‑square test were used for statistical analysis. Thefrequency of bowel sounds (7 ± 5-10 vs 6 ± 1-8). The first passage of flatus (7 ±6-10 vs 16 ± 11-20), were significantly reduced in patients that chewed gum andearly mobilization intervention compared with early mobilization intervention.p=0,00 and p=0,00, respectively. Gum‑chewing and early mobilizationintervention have a beneficial effect on early return of bowel function followingcesarean section and should be included in the postoperative managementprotocol.]"

"Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini merupakan analisis dan rangkaian kegiatan praktik residensi ners spesialis keperawatan maternitas, dengan penerapan teori keperawatan konservasi Levine dan unpleasant symptoms pada proses keperawatan ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia berat. Teori konservasi Levine memungkinkan individu untuk beradaptasi guna mempertahankan integritasnya dengan hasil akhir berupa konservasi. Fokus utama konservasi adalah keseimbangan antara suplai dan kebutuhan energi agar terjaga seluruh aspek keutuhan individu. Sedangkan teori unpleasant sympthom digunakan dalam mengurangi gejala - gejala ketidaknyamanan dengan cara meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap sekumpulan gejala ketidaknyamanan dari berbagai konteks dan menyediakan informasi yang bermanfaat serta memberikan dampak negatif dari gejala ? gejala ketidaknyamanan. Laporan akhir residensi juga memaparkan pencapaian target kompetensi dan berusaha memodifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi selama praktik.

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The final paper is an analysis of maternity nursing practice spesialist with the application Concervation Levine and unpleasant symptoms on nursing process with severe preeclampsia pregnant women. Levine conservation theory allows individuals to adapt in order to maintain its integrity with the final result of conservation. The main focus of conservation is a balance between supply and demand, in order to keep all aspects of individual integrity. While unpleasant theory sympthom use in reducing the symptoms - symptoms of discomfort by increasing the understanding of the group of symptoms of discomfort from a variety of contexts and provide useful information and that had a negative impact on the symptoms - symptoms of discomfort. The final report also describes residency achievement of competence and attempt to modify the constraints faced during practice."

"Terorisme masih menjadi ancaman bagi masyarakat dunia termasuk Indonesia. Penanggulangan terorisme di Indonesia dengan metode deradikalisasi yang efekif telah menjadi suatu kebutuhan yang sangat mendesak. Hal ini dikarenakan masih adanya tindakan teror oleh para pelaku baru dan lama yang terkait dengan jaringan atau kelompok. Teori identitas sosial dipilih untuk mengkaji bagaimana proses seorang teroris meninggalkan jalan terornya dan bahkan menjadi aktor perubahan yang turut terlibat melakukan program deradikalisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, studi kasus, survei lapangan, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi literatur. Penulis mengkaji seorang mantan narapidana teroris yang menyadari kesalahannya sebagai seorang teroris. Mantan Narapidana tersebut bernama Khairul Ghazali. Sejak keluar dari penjara, Khairul Ghazali mendirikan Pondok Pesantren Al-HIdayah khusus untuk anak-anak dari napiter dan mantan napiter di Desa Sei Mencirim, Kecamatan Kutalimbaru, Deli Serdang, Medan. Sumatera Utara. Murid-murid di Pesantren ini selain dihuni oleh santri dan santriwati dari anak-anak mantan narapidana terorisme juga ada murid-murid dari lingkungan setempat. Yang membedakan pesantren ini dengan pesantren lainnya adalah “Kurikulum Deradikalisme”. Tujuannya menerima murid selain anak-anak dari teroris dan mantan teroris adalah agar mereka dapat berbaur dengan lingkungan. Hal ini menjadi salah satu langkah untuk menghilangkan trauma sebagai anak mantan teroris. Penulis berhipotesa bahwa keberhasilan dari deradikalisasi Khairul Ghazali adalah dari kurikulum “deradikalisme”. Mereka dapat menangkal paham-paham radikal sehingga tidak mengikuti jejak orang tuanya.

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Terrorism is still a threat to the world community, including Indonesia. Counter terrorism in Indonesia with an effective method of deradicalization has become a very urgent need. This is because there are still acts of terror by new and old perpetrators related to the network or group. Social identity theory was chosen to examine how the process of a terrorist leaves the path of terror and even becomes an agent of change who is involved in the de-radicalization program. This research uses qualitative research methods, case studies, surveys, interviews, documentation and literature studies. Researcher examine an Ex-terrorist convict who realized his mistake as a terrorist. The Ex-terrorist was named Khairul Ghazali. Since being released from prison, Khairul Ghazali established Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School specifically for children from terrorists or ex-terrorists in Sei Mencirim Village, Kutalimbaru District, Deli Serdang, Medan. North Sumatra. Students in the Pesantren are not only inhabited by female and female students of children of ex-convicts of terrorism, there are also students from the local environment. What distinguishes this pesantren from other pesantren is the "Deradicalism Curriculum". The purpose of accepting students other than children from terrorists and ex-terrorists is so that they can blend in with the environment. This is one step to eliminate trauma as a child of a former terrorist. Researchers hypothesize that the success of Khairul Ghazali's deradicalization is from the curriculum of "deradicalism". They can ward off radical notions so they don't follow their parents."

"Ex-migrant workers are often found dealing with the lack of union that could cater their needs. These people that are mostly female are often excluded from the process of decision making in their own villages.In 2013, a program from civil society organization called Desbumi (Desa Peduli Buruh Migran or Migrant Workers Care Village) Initiative was launched in Wonosobo District, with the aim to improve migrantworkers’ living conditions - especially female - through empowering female ex-migrant workers group. In 2016, a similar program called Desmigratif (Desa Migran Produktif or Productive Migrants Village)Initiative was spearheaded by the Ministry of Manpower, which shares the same goal with Desbumi Initiative. Building upon the debates surrounding the concept of sisterhood provided by Bell Hooks andRobin Morgan, this study discusses whether the top-down approach in organizing female ex-migrant workers residing in Kuripan, Lipursari, Rogojati, and Sindupaten Village through Desbumi and Desmigratifinitiative could result in any forms of sisterhood formed during the implementation of the programs, and challenges that they faced along the way. This study found that characteristics associated with sisterhoodof friendships were apparent in all female ex-migrant groups, signified by mutual support among women, shared experience, journey of self-discovery, and collective identity built upon similarities. On thediscussion of challenges, several obstacles such as lack of regeneration, women’s domestic burden, and the issue of sustainability appeared along the journey of the sisterhood of ex-migrant workers."