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"Kegiatan pengusahaan minyak dan gas bumi, adalah suatu kegiatan yang mempunyai tingkat risiko yang sangat tinggi, risiko bahaya bagi pelaksanaan operasi, instalasi dan peralatan serta lingkungan dari proses kegiatan. Disamping itu juga mempunyai dampak lingkungan dan sosial yang besar. Dalam rangka mewujudkan kegiatan pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi yang aman, andal, efisien dan berwawasan lingkungan, maka diterapkan LK3 untuk menilai sejauh mana kinerja SMK3 kontraktor maka dibuat suatu ukuran kinerja yang terpilih dan terkait langsung dengan sasaran perusahaan sebagai salah satu alat untuk mengukur keberhasilan organisasi. Ukuran kinerja ini dapat mencerminkan hasil upaya pengelolaan lingkungan, kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja.Tingginya angka kecelakaan pada kontraktor merupakan alasan melakukan penelitian berupa studi evaluatif untuk melihat perbedaan risiko kecelakaan karyawan dan perbedaan risiko pada lingkungan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan SMK3 Kontraktor berdasarkan data sekunder Accident report year 1998-1999 (sebelum) dan Accident report year 2002-2003 (sesudah) dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 40 perusahaan kontraktor PT. CNOOC.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan desain Studi evaluatif untuk melihat perbedaan yang signifikan resiko kecelakaan terhadap karyawan dan resiko atau dampak terhadap lingkungan berdasarkan data sekunder berupa Accident Record Year 1998-1999 (sebelum penerapan SMK3 Kontraktor) dan Accident Record Year 2002-2003 (sesudah penerapan SMK3 Kontraktor) Berta RPL?RKL 2001 dengan sampel sebanyak 40 perusahaan kontraktor PT. CNOOC.Analisa bivariat dengan menggunakan uji t dependen didapatkan mean rata-rata risiko pada karyawan sebelum adalah 2,48 dan mean rata-rata sesudah penerapan SMK3 Kontraktor adalah 2,13 dengan nilai p = 0,011.Hasil analisis untuk lingkungan, didapatkan mean rata-rata risiko pada lingkungan sebelum adalah 1,50 dan sesudah penerapan SMK3 Kontraktor adalah 1,23 dengan nilai p = 0,032.Dengan demikian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan mean rata-rata risiko pada karyawan dan lingkungan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan SMK3 Kontraktor di PT. CNOOC.Daftar bacaan :18 (1995 - 2003)

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Evaluation Study of Risc Occupational Health and Safety Relationship with Contractor Safety Management System at PT. Cnooc In 2003The activity effort of oil and gas is an activity that has a very high risk level, a hazard risk to the operation, installation and equipment and to the environment of processing activities. In other hand it also has an impact on social and environment In order to create a safe, reliable, efficient and environmental oriented of oil and gas activities, therefore it was implemented the Occupational Safety, Health and Environment to evaluate the Contractor Safety Management System performance, and refer to that matter a suitable performance measurement of company goals has made as an indicator of company's success. This performance measurement reflects an achievement of occupational safety, health and environment treatment.

The high rate of accident in contractor is a reason to do a research by doing an evaluative study research to observe a difference of employee accident rise and a difference risc in environment before and after the implementation of Contractor Safety Management System according to secondary data of Accident Report Year 1998-1999 (before) and Accident Report Year 2002-2003 (after) by taking 40 contractors of CNOOC. Ltd.

Design of this research is evaluative study approach to view a significance difference of accident risk on the employee and environment with a secondary data which is Accident Record Year 1998-1999 (before the implementation Contractor Safety Management System) and Accident Record Year 2002-2003 (after the implementation of Contractor Safety Management System ) and RPI JRKL 2001 by taking 40 contractors of CNOOC Ltd as samples .

Bivariate analysis with dependent t test for employee obtained rise mean before contractor safety management system implementation is 2.48 and after implementation is 2.13 and p value is 0.011.

Bivariate analysis with dependent t test for environment obtained rise mean before contractor safety management system implementation is 1.50 and after implementation is 1.23 and p value is 0.032.

Therefore, it concludes that from the above result there are significance difference risc mean on employee and environment before and after contractor safety management system is implemented in CNOOC Ltd.

References : 18 (1995 -- 2003)"

"This research analyses utterances produced by English speakers who interact via computers in chat rooms, chat.yahoo.com. This study is aimed at investigating how the participants interact and develop topics under computer-mediated constraints.The data consist of corpus containing sequenced-postings produced by multi-participants in Lobby, part of the chat room regarded as a public domain. Conversation Analysis Model introduced by Birmingham School was used for data analysis.The findings of the study show that the chat has some unique features, which are different from the features of interaction in face-to-face conversation. Those unique features decrease the coherence of the interaction. The linearity of the sequence is disrupted by the presence of initiation without responses and the presence of multi-responses for one initiation. Then, the unity of the interaction is loosened by the absence of organizational exchanges or the presence of less discourse markers tying up explicitly the interaction units in each rank of the interaction. After that, the immediacy relationship between elements of adjacency pairs is loosened by the presence of other utterances between them. Finally, the structure of the utterance is loosened by the fragmentation of the utterance into smaller units and the positioning of those units in the different postings.The chat has several unique features of interaction strategies that may decrease the coherence of the interaction and differ them from those in face-to-face interaction. First, the one person speak in one time rule is not applicable in the chat since who is currently speaking cannot be identified. Second, the competitive nature of the interaction requires an adjustment of the strategy for managing the turn. It is not necessary for the chatters to hold the turn; instead they have to send repetitive postings to maintain their presence. Finally, turn-taking strategies are very limited in the chat interaction. The strategy for taking the turn is limited to clean strategy and the strategy for yielding the turn is limited to the use of selection (turn design) and give-up strategies.The topic introduction and closing in the chat is not so different from those in the face-to-face interaction. The topic development displays unique structure, in that the chat may produce parallel topics. The parallel topic is resulted by the introduction of a new sub-topic while the discussion of the existing topic still in progress. Another specification of topic development is the rapid progress of the topic change in the chat.The uniqueness of the interaction and topic development in the chat is attributable to the lack of physical presence and voice as well as to the machine related constraints.(For further information about this dissertation, contact: hamzahhs@yahoo.com)"

"Disertasi ini membahas dan menganalisis tentang perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia melalui mekanisme asuransi tanggung jawab produk (product liability insurance). Lembaga asuransi menjadi penting untuk mengalihkan risiko tanggung jawab produsen atas produk yang dihasilkannya untuk dikonsumsi atau dipakai oleh konsumen, apbila konsumen mengalami kecelakaan dan atau kerugian akibat mengkonsumsi atau memakai produk tersebut. Di Indonesia, Keinginan mewujudkan upaya hukum Perlindungan Konsumen sudah ada sejak Tahun 1999 dengan diterbitkannya Undang-undang No, 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Peraturan yang ada saat ini dalam bidang asuransi belum mewajibkan pabrik pembuat untuk membeli asuransi tanggung jawab untuk produknya, walaupun begitu beberapa perusahaan asuransi joint venture menawarkan jenis asuransi ini di pasar. Untuk menghadapi perkembangan hukum bisnis di Indonesia khususnya di bidang perasuransian, yang berdampak pada perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen pengguna produk pada umumnya, saat ini diperlukan suatu pembaruan dan atau regulasi yang tentunya akan dapat mengantisipasi perkembangan bisnis, terutama dalam pembuatan dan pelaksanaan kontrak-kontrak dalam praktek-praktek bisnis perasuransian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam disertasi ini adalah metode penelitian normatif-kualitatif dengan pendekatan komparatiif. Analisis penelitian menggunakan teori pengalihan risiko (transfer of risk theory). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asuransi tanggung jawab produk mempunyai peranan penting dalam meiindungi kepentingan konsumen di dalam masyarakat Indonesia pada saat ini. Asuransi tanggung jawab produk ini memberikan jaminan bagi konsumen untuk memperoleh ganti kerugian jika produk yang digunakannya menimbulkan kerugian, bahkan ganti kerugian ini bukan saja bagi konsumen yang menggunakan produk tersebut tetapi juga orang-orang yang berada di dekatnya pada saat produk tersebut digunakan. Dalam mekanisme asuransi tanggung jawab produk, produsen diwajibkan membayar premi atas produk yang diasuransikan yang nilainya tergantung pada jumlah, jenis produk, dan tingkat risiko atas produk yang diasuransikan. Pemikiran tentang perlunya perlindungan terhadap konsumen melalui asuransi tanggung jawab produk menjadi hal yang mutlak untuk diakomodir dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, sampai pada implementasi mekanisme pengalihan risiko berupa lembaga asuransi tanggung jawab produk, yang berbentuk Risk Retention Groups (RRG) atau Kelompok Penahan dan Berbagi Risiko (KPBR), yaitu sekelompok orang/badan hukum yang berfungsi sebagai perusahaan asuransi bagi anggotanya, para anggota yangjuga pemilik pemsahaan ini memiliki paparan risiko (risk exposure) yang sama; dan Purchasing Group (PG) atau Kelompok Pembeli Asuransi (KPA) yaitu sekelompok orang/badan hukum yang membeli polis asuransi atas dasar kelompok. Hal itu memerlukan pembaruan hukum yang komprehensif tidak hanya pada ranah hukum perlindungan konsumen semata, tetapi juga hukum asuransi, yaitu dengan mengamandement undang-undang nomor 2 Tahun 1992 lentang Usaha Perasuransian.

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This dissertation discusses and analyzes consumer protection in Indonesia through product liability insurance mechanism. Insurance institution becomes important to transfer produceris liability risk for the products he produced for consumers consumption or use, if consumers sujer accident and or loss because of consuming or using such product. In Indonesia, the intention to materialize legal effort of Consumer Protection has existed since 1998 with enactment of Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. The existing regulations on insurance has not made manufacturers to buy liability insurance for their products, yet a few joint venture insurance companies ojer this type of insurance in the market. To face business law development especially in insurance area which its impact on legal protection for consumers of product in general, at present it is necessary to have a reform and or regulation which certainty will be able to anticmate the development of business, in creating and implementing contracts in insurance business practices. The research method used in this dissertation is normative-qualitative with comparative approach. The analysis of research uses transfer of risk theory. The outcome of the research shows that product liability insurance has an important role in protecting consumers' interest in the current Indonesian society. This product liability insurance provides guarantee for consumers to receive compensation U' the products being used cause injuries/loss, even such compensation is not only for the consumer who uses the product but also for bystanders when the product is being used in mechanism of product liability insurance, producers have to pay premium for products insured which its value shall depend on quantity and type of product, risk level for products insured. The idea of the need for consumer protection through product liability insurance becomes absolute to be accommodated in legislative regulations, up to implementation of risk transfer mechanism in the forms of Risk Retention Group (RRG) or Kelompok Penahan dan Berbagi Risilco (KPBR), namely a group of persons/legal entities which functions as insurance company for its members, the members who also own this company bear the same risk exposure; and Purchasing Group (PG) or Kelompok Pembeli Asuransi (KIM) namely a group of persons/legal entities that purchase insurance policy based on the group. These call for comprehensive legal reform, not only in the field of consumer protection law but also insurance law, to be precise through amending the Law Number 2 of 1992 on Insurance Business."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerapan pengenaan pajak penjualan atas barang mewah (PPnBM) terhadap kendaraan bermotor beroda dua yang hanya dikenakan bagi kendaraan bermotor beroda dua dengan isi silinder di atas 250 cc. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan pengenaan PPnBM bagi kendaraan bermotor beroda dua dengan isi silinder di atas 250 CC adalah karena konsep barang mewah tersebut berkembang seiring kemajuan teknologi, pertumbuhan ekonomi, serta perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat. Pihak perindustrian yang diwakilkan oleh Kementerian Perindustrian pun menginginkan adanya tarif 0% bagi PPnBM atas kendaraan bermotor beroda dua dengan isi silinder di atas 250 cc, sehingga dapat memajukan industri dalam negeri.This thesis discusses the application of luxury sales tax to the two-wheeled motorized vehicles are only charged for two-wheeled motor vehicles with a cylinder above 250 cc. The study was a descriptive qualitative research. The results suggest that the reason for the imposition of luxury sales tax for twowheeled motor vehicles with a cylinder above the 250 CC is because the concept of luxury goods is growing as technology advances, economic growth, as well as changes in consumption patterns. Sides of industry are represented by the Ministry of Industry also wanted the luxury sales tax rate of 0% for the twowheeled motor vehicles with a cylinder above 250 cc, so as to promote domestic industries."

"Teknologi Carbon Capture Storage merupakan teknologi yang menawarkan pemecahan atas masalah pemanasan global melalui pemisahan gas karbondioksida dari gas buang. Salah satu upaya dalam pengurangan biaya teknologi Carbon Capture Storage adalah penggunaan jenis isian kolom/packing yang memiliki efektivitas perpindahan massa lebih baik pada proses absorpsi karbondioksida sehingga dapat mengurangi biaya kapital kolom. Penelitian ini melakukan simulasi terhadap proses absorpsi karbon dioksida gas buang pada geometri satu unit packing jenis super mini ring menggunakan larutan MEA sebagai absorben pada perangkat lunak Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) yaitu COMSOL Multiphysics. Simulasi ini mempertimbangkan pengaruh perpindahan momentum terhadap laju perpindahan massa dan dilakukan dengan menggambarkan geometri super mini ring. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa absorpsi yang disertai reaksi memiliki laju perpindahan CO2 yang lebih tinggi. Faktor lain yang meningkatkan laju perpindahan CO2 adalah kecepatan aliran gas yang lebih tinggi, suhu operasi yang lebih tinggi, tekanan operasi yang lebih tinggi, dan diameter Super Mini Ring yang lebih kecil Modifikasi geometri dari Super Mini Ring dengan bentuk dua buah sobekan memberikan fluks absorpsi yang lebih baik.

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Carbon Capture Storage provide alternative to reduce global warming. One of the ways to reduce the cost of Carbon Capture Storage is using packing’s type which gives high mass transfer efficiency on CO2 absorption process from flue gas. This research will simulate CO2 absorption process using MEA solution at Super Mini Ring. This simulation will consider the effect of momentum transfer to mass transfer rate and this simulation is also consider the effect of Super Mini Ring geometry. This simulation is held on CFD Software, COMSOL Multiphysics.

The result of simulation shows that reactive absorption give higher mass transfer efficiency than physical absorption. The other factors that increase mass transfer efficiency are higher gas velocity, higher operating temperature, although not significant, and higher operating pressure. Smaller diameter of Super Mini Ring gives higher mass transfer efficiency because of its higher surface area. Modification of Super Mini Ring’s geometry which has two tears give higher mass transfer efficiency."