Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang.Masa pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MPASI), yaitu usia 6 sampai 24 bulan, merupakan salah satu periode kritis untuk mencegah malnutrisi. Growth faltering banyak terjadi pada fase ini, disebabkan kandungan nutrisi MPASI yang tidak lengkap dan tidak seimbang serta tingginya angka infeksi.Prevalensi defisiensi seng pada usia 6-24 bulan tinggi, baik di negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Mayoritas MPASI pertama yang diberikan di Indonesia berupa produk nabati, yaitu beras, beras merah, kacang-kacangan, buah, dan sayur yang memiliki kandungan seng yang rendah dan fitat yang tinggi sehingga merupakan faktor risiko defisiensi seng. Hati ayam merupakan sumber seng, protein, dan zat besi yang baik. Perlu dilakukan evaluasi pemberian hati ayam sebagai MPASI pertamadalam hal akseptabilitas, toleransi, serta efektivitas terhadap status seng.Tujuan. Mengevaluasi MPASI buatan rumah berbahan dasar hati ayam dalam hal akseptabilitas, toleransi, dan efektivitas terhadap status seng.Metode. Uji klinis acak dengan pembanding MPASI tepung beras fortifikasi dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara, Koja, dan Kramat selama Februari sampai Juni 2014. Terdapat tiga kelompok intervensi, yaitu kelompok MPASI hati ayam, MPASI bubur susu (tepung beras fortifikasi, mengandung susu), dan MPASI single grain (tepung beras fortifikasi tanpa susu). Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 hari. Sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dilakukan pengukuran antropometri dan pemeriksaan seng plasma. Setiap hari dilakukan pencatatan volume MPASI yang dihabiskan dan efek samping. Analisis Anova dan Bonferroni dilakukan untuk menilai perbedaan antar kelompok. Korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear digunakan untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi status seng plasma.Hasil. Sebanyak 90 bayi diikutsertakan dalam penelitian, namun terdapat 7 subjek drop-out dan 17 sampel darah lisis sehingga data yang dapat dianalisis adalah 66 bayi. Akseptabilitas ketiga jenis MPASI setara. Tidak didapatkan efek simpang pada semua kelompok. Ketiga jenis MPASI dapat memenuhi kebutuhan harian seng sebesar 3 mg/hari. Efektivitas terhadap status seng ditunjukkan dari selisih seng plasma pra-intervensi dan pasca-intervensi. Perbedaan selisih sengplasma (μg/dL) hati ayam dan bubur susu adalah 12,0 (IK 95% 0,6;23,4), hati ayam dan single grain adalah 12,0 (-23,4;-0,6), serta bubur susu dan single grain 8,5 (-2,3;19,3). Pertambahan berat badan dan panjang badan berbeda bermakna antara ketiga kelompok.Simpulan. Akseptabilitas MPASI hati ayam setara dengan tepung beras fortifikasi. Tidak didapatkan efek samping selama pemberian MPASI hati ayam dan tepung beras fortifikasi. Efektivitas MPASI hati ayam terhadap status seng plasma lebih baik dibandingkan tepung beras fortifikasi. Faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas MPASI terhadap status seng plasma adalah jenis MPASI, yang mungkin berkaitan dengan rasio molar fitat/seng, dan asupan kalsium.

---

ABSTRACTBackground.High prevalence of zinc deficiency and growth faltering were observed during the complementary feeding perioddue to low quality complementary food and high prevalence of infection. Most of first complementary food given to Indonesian infants were plants sources which contain low zinc and high phytate, thus put Indonesian babies into high risk of zinc deficiency. Chicken liver is a good source of zinc, protein, and iron, making it a good option for complementary food.Objective. To evaluate chicken liver based complementary food in terms of acceptability and effectivity on zinc status.Method. Randomized clinical trial comparing three groups of complementary food:chicken liver, fortified rice cereal containing milk, and fortified rice cereal without milk given to predominantly breastfed infant aged around 6 month old. This study took place in primary health care of Jatinegara, Koja, and Kramat District during February to June 2014. Intervention was given for 30 days. Anthropometric measurement and plasma zinc investigation were performed before and after intervention. Amount of consumed complementary food was recorded daily. Anova and Bonferroni test were used to evaluate difference between groups. Factors influencing plasma zinc status were evaluated with Pearson correlation and linear regression.Results. Ninety babies were enrolled, 7 subjects refused to continue study and 17 blood samples were hemolyzed thus only 66 subjects were analyzed. The three groups shown similar acceptability and were able to met daily requirement of zinc of 3 mg/day. No adverse effect was observed during study period. The increment of pra-intervention and pasca-intervention plasma zinc was used as an indicator of effectivity on zinc status. Mean difference of zinc increment (μg/dL) between two groups were 12,0 (95% CI 0,6;23,4) for chicken liver and rice cereal containing milk, 12,0 (-23,4;-0,6) for chicken liver and rice cereal without milk, and 8,5 (-2,3;19,3) for rice cereal containing milk and without milk. Weight and length increment showed significant difference between three groups.Conclusions. The three groups showed no difference in acceptability and were able to met daily requirement of zinc of 3 mg/day. Chicken liver group demonstrated better effectivity on zinc status compared to fortified rice cereal groups. Dietary factors influencing plasma zinc status were type of complementary food, which probably correlated with molar ratio of phytate/zinc, and calcium intake."

"Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) adalah karbohidrat yang terdiri dari 3–10 monosakarida dan tidak dapat dicerna oleh manusia. Fungsi HMO adalah prebiotik untuk mikrobiota usus. Metabolit yang dihasilkan mikrobiota adalah asam lemak rantai pendek (short chain fatty acid/SCFA). Sintesis HMO ditentukan oleh enzim fukosiltransferase 2 (FUT2) dan fukosiltransferase 3 (FUT3), yang disandi gen FUT2 dan FUT3. Polimorfisme gen FUT2 menyebabkan perbedaan HMO pada ASI. Ibu dengan kadar 2’fukosillaktosa (2’FL) ≥ 50 mg/L disebut ibu sekretor. Proporsi ibu sekretor bervariasi, karena polimorfisme gen FUT2 berbeda antar ras. Proporsi sekretor di Eropa > 80%, namun belum ada data di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proporsi sekretor dan polimorfisme gen FUT2, serta profil SCFA berdasarkan pasangan genotipe ibu-bayi. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan di RSIA Bunda selama bulan Desember 2021–Juli 2022. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu berusia minimal 18 tahun, menyusui eksklusif, dan sehat. Ibu dengan ras Kaukasia di atas 2 generasi dieksklusi. Bayi dari ibu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi automatis menjadi subjek penelitian dan dieksklusi bila bayi pernah mendapat antibiotik. Pemeriksaan HMO dilakukan saat bayi berusia 2–5 minggu, sedangkan SCFA feses bayi saat usia 4 minggu. Sekuensing coding region FUT2 dilakukan pada ibu dan bayi. Sebanyak 120 pasangan ibu-bayi memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan proporsi ibu fenotipe sekretor 65,8% dan genotipe sekretor 65,8%. Hubungan antara genotipe FUT2 dan kadar 2’FL bermakna. Penelitian ini menemukan varian baru c.851C>G yang bersifat merusak berdasarkan prediksi in silico. Berdasarkan genotipe FUT2, diusulkan nilai ambang baru 2’FL 425,9 mg/L dengan nilai sensitivitas 98,7% dan spesifisitas 100%. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara proporsi relatif asetat, propionat, butirat dan genotipe ibu, genotipe bayi, maupun pasangan genotipe ibu-bayi.

---

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex carbohydrates consisting of 3–10 monosaccharides which is undigestible to human. HMO acts as a prebiotic for gut microbiota, which produce short chain fatty acid (SCFA). The synthesis of HMO is determined by the activity of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) and fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) enzymes, which are encoded by the FUT2 and FUT3 genes. Polymorphisms of the FUT2 gene result in different secretor status. Mothers with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) level of ≥ 50 mg/L are referred to as secretor. The proportion of secretor varies worldwide due to FUT2 polymorphisms among races. The proportion of secretor in Europe is generally > 80%, but there is no data on secretor status in Indonesia. Thus, baseline data about secretor phenotype and genotype status in Indonesia is needed. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of secretor and FUT2 gene polymorphism in Indonesia, as well as the stool SCFA profile based on the mother-infant dyad genotype.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Bunda Mother and Child Hospital from December 2021 to July 2022. The study subjects were healthy mothers aged at least 18 years, exclusively breastfeeding. Mothers with Caucasion ancestor from two generations above were excluded. Infants from eligible mothers were automatically included as study subjects but excluded if they had history of antibiotic administration. Breastmilk samples were obtained at infant’s age 2–5 weeks old, while infant’s stool at 4 weeks old. Sequencing of the entire coding region of FUT2 was performed for mothers and infants.

A total of 120 mother-infant dyads met the eligibility criteria. The proportion of secretor mother was 65.8%. Secretor genotypes were found in 65.8% of mothers. There was a significant association between secretor genotype and 2’FL level. A novel variant was identified, c.851C>G, which showed deleterious effect based on in silico analysis. A new threshold value of 425.9 mg/L for 2'FL is proposed, with 98.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. There was no significant relationship between the relative proportion of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate among the mother-infant’s genotype dyads."