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"ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of visitors on changes in the quality of of the Tanjungpinang tourism environment and measures the economic loss/profit from these changes. Using a Random Utility Model applied with conjoint analysis, this study combines Revealed Preference and Stated Preference data to expend the depth of the analysis. The qualitative approach consists of interviews and field observation to complete the quantitative approach. The research found that (a) changes in the natural environment will impact the number of visitors to Tanjungpinang; (b) the potential decrease in compensating surplus from visitors as a result of loss to the natural environment in Tanjungpinang is Rp 5.04 billion per month, while the potential increase in compensating surplus from visitors as a result of additional natural environment in Tanjungpinang is Rp 7.94 billion per month; and (c) there exists a potential for a decrease in Tanjungpinang Regional Government revenue as a result of damage to the natural environment."

"Pembangunan pariwisata yang tidak menempatkan daya dukung lingkungan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi pariwisata secara seimbang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya overtourism, yang dapat meningkatkan ancaman pada ketahanan lingkungan dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan berbasis interdependensi sistem ekonomi dan sistem lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan mencakup analisis daya dukung lingkungan, analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi pariwisata, serta analisis peran modal sosial dan teknologi digital dalam pengelolaan pariwisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan berdampak pada meningkatnya jejak ekologi dan memicu alih fungsi lahan yang dapat meningkatkan defisit ekologi. Kemudian, modal manusia, modal fisik, obyek daya tarik wisata, dan efek spasial terbukti signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi pariwisata. Adapun modal sosial dan teknologi digital merupakan faktor penting untuk menjaga inklusivitas pengelolaan pariwisata serta mendorong perilaku ramah lingkungan. Aksi afirmatif dengan mendorong peran komunitas lokal sebagai shareholder pariwisata serta inovasi teknologi digital dapat menjadi strategi kunci untuk mewujudkan pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan.

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Tourism development that does not place the environmental carrying capacity and tourism economic growth in a balanced way may cause overtourism, which potentially increases the threats to environmental and social resilience. This study aims to formulate a sustainable tourism development model based on the economic and environmental systems' interdependence. The methods comprise analysis of environmental carrying capacity, tourism economic growth, and roles of social capital and digital technology innovation in tourism management. The results show that higher tourist arrivals create higher ecological footprints and trigger land conversion. Human capital, physical capital, tourist attraction objects, and spatial effects significantly affect tourism economic growth. Meanwhile social capital and digital technology have an essential role in stimulating inclusive tourism management and environmentally-friendly behavior. Affirmative action by encouraging the role of local communities as tourism shareholders and digital technology innovation can be strategic key in realizing sustainable tourism development."