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"ABSTRACTIndonesia is considered as the second biggest plastic waste producer in the sea. Information on waste pollution and its impact on marine organisms in Indonesia is still limited. Waste disposal and solid waste plastics into the sea are continuosly occuring, elevating the thoughts of global impact of plastic waste contamination. Increased use of plastic is a consequence of the development of technologies, industries and also the population. This paper is expected to provide knowledge and information of plastics that exist in the sea, especially Indonesian Sea."

"ABSTRACTMECHANISM OF GENETIC DISORDER AND MUTATION ON BIVALVES INFLUENCED BY LEAD. Bivalves have a feeding mechanism of suspension-feeder or deposit-feeder or both, making bivalves consume the material contained in either beneficial or toxic water. Bivalve can survive even with the condition of polluted waters, including the concentration of heavy metals that exceed a specified threshold. Lead is one type of harmful pollutants originating from anthropogenic activities and contaminated marine waters. The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge about the process or mechanism of bivalves to defend itself against lead, which can be found in their environment, especially genetic disorders and mutations that may be experienced by marine bivalves as a result of exposure to lead."