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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian : Salah satu masalah utama dalam penanggulangan penyakit demam berdarah dengue adalah belum adanya cara diagnosis pemasti yang dapat diandalkan, terutama untuk pengelolaan penderita, walaupun berbagai cara diagnosis telah dikembangkan. Salah satu cara diagnosis pemasti yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan adalah penggunaan pelacak asam nukleat untuk mendeteksi RNA atau fragmen RNA virus dengue. Dalam penelitian ini akan dicoba teknik hibridisasi in situ menggunakan pelacak DNA yang komplementer terhadap fragmen RNA dari gen E, yaitu gen yang menyandi sintesis glikoprotein selubung virus dengue. Rekonstruksi pelacak cDNA dilakukan dengan mengklon plasmid pKS-DEN2 yaitu plasmid rekombinan yang mengandung cDNA yang spesifik terhadap virus dengue tipe 2, dan pKS-DEN3 yang mengandung cDNA yang spesifik terhadap virus dengue tipe 3, ke dalam E. coil DH5. Isolasi plasmid rekombinan dilakukan dengan cara "alkaline lysis method", setelah diamplifikasi dengan teknik "preparasi skala besar" dalam medium Luria Bertani cair yang mengandung ampisilin 50 ug/ml. Pelacak cDNA yang merupakan hasil pemotongan pKS-DEN2 dan pKS-DEN3 dengan enzim Hinc II dan BamHI, masing-masing sekitar 290 pasang basa, setelah dilabel dengan digoksigenin-11-dUTP, dipakai untuk mendeteksi virus dengue tipe 2 dan tipe 3, yang dibiakkan dalam sel Aedes albopictus klon C6/36.

Hasil dan kesimpulan : Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pelacak cDNA yang berasal dari pKS-DEN2 dapat mendeteksi virus dengue tipe 2, sedangkan pelacak cDNA yang berasal dari plasmid pKS-DEN3 dapat mendeteksi virus dengue tipe 3, dalam sel C6/36 yang terinfeksi. Tidak terdapat reaksi silang diantara kedua pelacak tersebut. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelacak cDNA yang merupakan fragmen restriksi Hinc II dan BamHI, yang masing-masing berasal dari pKS-DEN2 dan pKS-DEN3 secara spesifik dapat mendeteksi virus dengue yang sesuai dalam sel C6/36 yang terinfeksi, melalui hibridisasi DNA-RNA in situ.

Abstrak :
The human population is heterogenous and consist of popolations of immense ethnic diversity.There are considerable allelic differences between human populations as well as individuals within each ethnic group as a result of molecular heterogeneity of the genome.This,in turn,is responsible for differential allelic expression of genes endowing then with polymorphic characters. The molecular diversity within genes is responsible amongst others, of disease resistance or susceptibility or for that matter drug response. Pharmacogenomics is the key to the understanding of diferential drug response in different patient in relation to genetic constitution. The relevation of such information at the molecular level would assist the pharmaceutical industry to address a therapy directed to each individual.The objective of this article is to understand the mances of the genetic repertoire and correlate it with disease gene identification,genes that have been or can be used as drug targets,identify candidate genes for drug development and recent trend in drug discovery

Abstrak :
Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years. Plants die also the source of many medicines ft>r the majority of the world's population, The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes of novel secondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviral compounda; anticancers; antimalarial compounds; antioxidants, antidiabetics nad immunosuppressive compounds.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui aktifitas antimikroba dan efek sitotoksisitas ekstrak etanol dari akar tanaman akar kucing (Acalypha indica Linn), mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Sheff) Boerl) dan sari buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dari ketiga jenis tanaman tersebut menunjukkan adanya aktifitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosae ATCC 27853 dan Candida albicans. Pada pengujian efek sitotoksisitas dengan cara brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) menggunakan Artemia salina Leach menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC 50 ekstrak etanol dari akar tanaman akar kucing, mahkota dewa dan sari buah merah, masing-masing adalah 1,279 ug/ml, 0.123 ug/ml and 0.054 ug/ml. ......The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of Acalypha indica Linn, Phaleria macrocarpa (Sheff) Boerl and Pandanus conoideus Lam, had been carried out. The results of the research showed that those ethanol extracts had antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosae ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans. The determination of cytotoxic effects of those ethanol extracts by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) using Artemia salina Leach showed that LC 50 of Acalypha indica Linn, Phaleria macrocarpa (Sheff) Boerl and Pandanus conoideus Lam were 1,279 ug/ml, 0.123 ug/ml and 0.054 ug/ml respectively.

Abstrak :
Avian influenza A (H5N1), or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), has become the world's attention because of possibility of global pandemic. This review describes the features of human infection, pathogenesis, transmission, and clinical management of avian influenza A (H5N1).

Abstrak :
Vaccines have played an important role in preventive medicine since Edward Jenner discovered that cowpox induced protection against human smallpox. Until recently, a vaccination has meant a needle in the arm. However, with the increasing need for inexpensive, easily administered vaccines, along with the improvements in genetic engineering, the concept of edible vaccines is fast becoming reality. This is especially important in developing countries, where it is estimated that three to five million children die each year from common diseases, which could have easily been prevented with the proper vaccination. Compared to traditional labsynthesized vaccines, plants are capable of producing proteins at lower cost, and need not be isolated for injection. Plant-based vaccines are also safer than traditional vaccines because they use selected sub-units of the disease rather the attenuated whole disease-causing organism.