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"Saat ini pemberantasan vektor di tekankan pada pemberantasan biologis antara lain menggunakan Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) untuk menghindari efek samping larvasida. Penggunaan Bti dalam memberantas vektor demam berdarah dengue (DBD), yaitu Ae. aegypti, masih dalam tahap laboratorium sehingga penelitian mengenai efektivitas Bti di lapangan perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Bti dalam pemberantasan Ae. aegypti di Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat, sebagai salah satu kelurahan dengan insidens DBD yang tinggi.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan single-larval method. Data diambil pada tanggal 28 Maret dan 25 April 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa house index (HI) menurun dari 19% menjadi 10%, container index (CI) menurun dari 10,32% menjadi 4,37%, breteau index (BI) menurun dari 26 menjadi 11. Berdasarkan uji McNemar diketahui bahwa penurunan tersebut bermakna, namun tidak dapat dikatakan bahwa Bti efektif memberantas Ae. aegypti, karena tidak semua container mendapatkan Bti. Jumlah container positif dari seluruh container yang mendapatkan Bti mengalami penurunan setelah pemberian Bti namun tidak bermakna. Disimpulkan bahwa Bti tidak efektif dalam memberantas Ae. aegypti di Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat.

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Nowadays, vector control is emphasized to biological agent like Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) to avoid negative effect of insecticide. The using of Bti to control dengue hemorrhagic fever's (DHF) vector, Ae. aegypti, has only been conducted in laboratorium, so further research on the effectiveness of Bti to control Ae. aegypti in the domestic environment is needed. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of Bti in controlling Ae. aegypti in Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat, one of the district with highest DHF incidence in Jakarta.This method of this is experimental design using single-larval method. The data was collected on March 28th 2010 and April 25th 2010. The result showed that house index (HI) decreased from 19% to 10%, container index (CI) decreased from 10,32% to 4,37%, and breteau index (BI) decreased from 26 to 11. According to the McNemar test, this result was stastically significant, but it does not show that Bti is effective in controlling Ae. aegypti because there are some containers that did not get Bti. The number of positif containers from all containers that got Bti slightly decreased after treatment, but it is not significant. In conclusion, Bti is not effective in controlling Ae. aegypti in Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat."

"Latar Belakang. Hiperglikemia merupakan salah satu faktor prognostik buruk pada pasien COVID-19, tanpa memandang riwayat diabetes. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian kohort prospektif mengenai hubungan keduanya. Glycemic gap dan SHR merupakan penanda hiperglikemia yang penting karena dapat membedakan kondisi hiperglikemia akut dibandingkan GDP dan GDS. Kedua variabel tersebut belum pernah diteliti secara langsung pada pasien COVID-19. Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran parameter glikemik (GDS, GDP, glycemic gap, dan SHR) saat admisi pada pasien COVID-19 serta hubungannya dengan luaran yang buruk dalam perawatan. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan kohort prospektif dari 291 pasien COVID-19 ringan- sedang di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo rawat inap sejak Desember 2020 hingga Maret 2021. Pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan parameter glikemik saat admisi. Dilakukan analisis cox regression untuk menilai hubungan parameter glikemik saat admisi dengan luaran buruk berupa composite outcome. Hasil. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi hiperglikemia berdasarkan GDS 27,8%, GDP 61,9%, glycemic gap 10,6%, SHR 21,3%. Terdapat tiga variabel yang memiliki hubungan secara statistik bermakna dengan luaran buruk pada pasien COVID-19, yaitu GDS (adjusted HR 3,33 [IK95% 1,17-9,46]), glycemic gap (adjusted HR 2,76 [IK95% 1,10-6,94]), dan SHR (adjusted HR 3,11 [IK95% 1,37-7,06]). GDP tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan luaran yang buruk pada pasien COVID-19. Kesimpulan. Kurang dari setengah total subjek mengalami hiperglikemia berdasarkan GDS, glycemic gap, dan SHR, Lebih dari setengah subjek mengalami hiperglikemia berdasarkan GDP. GDS, glycemic gap, dan SHR memiliki hubungan dengan luaran yang buruk dalam perawatan pada pasien COVID-19.

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Background. RBG and FBG are poor prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients, regardless of diabetes history. To date, there has been no prospective cohort study on the association between these two parameters with outcome of COVID-19 patients. Glycemic gap and SHR are important markers of hyperglycemia since they can differentiate acute hyperglycemic conditions. These two variables have never been studied in COVID-19 patients. Objective. This study aims to describe admission glycemic parameters (RBG, FBG, glycemic gap, and SHR) in COVID-19 patients and their association with poor outcomes during hospitalization.

Method. This is a prospective cohort study of 291 mild-moderate COVID-19 patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital who were hospitalized from December 2020 to March 2021. Patients were examined for glycemic parameters at admission. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association between glycemic parameters during admission and poor outcomes as composite outcome.

Results. Proportion of admission hyperglycemia according to RBG, FBG, glycemic gap, and SHR were 27,8%, 61,9%, 10,6%, and 21,3% respectively. Three variables were significantly associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, they were RBG (adjusted HR 3.33 [95% CI 1.17-9.46]), glycemic gap (adjusted HR 2.76 [CI 95% 1.10- 6.94]), and SHR (adjusted HR 3.11 [95% CI 1.37-7.06]). FBG was not significantly associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion. Less than half of the total subjects experienced hyperglycemia based on RBG, glycemic gap, and SHR, while more than half of the subjects experienced hyperglycemia based on FBG. RBG, glycemic gap, and SHR were significantly associated with composite outcomes."