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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya memperlihatkan bahwaSyzygium aromaticum (cengkih) dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan danprooksidan. Untuk mendapatkan data dan mengetahui efek cengkih terhadapkonsentrasi malondialdehida (MDA) dikarenakan stres oksidatif yang diinduksikarbon tetraklorida (CCl4) pada hati dan plasma darah tikus dan apakah plasmadarah dapat mewakili kerusakan pada hati.Metode: 10 jenis perlakuan dibandingkan yaitu 5 perlakuan pada hati dan 5 padaplasma darah. Setiap jaringan diberi perlakuan yakni (1) CCl4 positif dan cengkih positif setelah 3 hari, (2) setelah 1 hari perlakuan, (3) alfa-tokoferol, (4) CCl4, dan""(5) kontrol normal. Metode Wills digunakan untuk mengukur kadar MDA."Hasil: Kadar MDA hati ±SD adalah 0,0262 ±0,0010 pada kelompok hari ketiga,0,0214 ±0,0047 pada kelompok hari pertama, 0 pada kelompok alfa-tokoferol,0,0077 ±0,0094 pada kelompok CCl4, dan 0,0039 ±0,0009 pada kontrol normaldalam nmol/mg protein (p=0,000), sedangkan di plasma darah hasilnya 29,6032±6,8021 pada kelompok hari ketiga, 26,1103 ±3,6920 pada kelompok haripertama, 1,1612 ±0,3555 pada kelompok alfa-tokoferol, 1,4585 ±1,4747 padakelompok CCl4, and 2,4217 ±1,2382 pada kontrol normal diukur dalam nmol/mL(p=0,000)."""Kesimpulan: Penggunaan ekstrak cengkih dengan dosis 200 mg/kg berat badan""tikus meningkatkan kadar MDA dan kerusakan yang diinduksi oleh CCl4 tergantung pada lama perlakuan. Efek antioksidan tidak didapatkan dalam penelitian ini. Dengan adanya korelasi yang kuat antara kadar MDA di hati dan plasma darah (R=0,97; p=0,003), dapat disimpulkan penggunaan plasma darah dalam pengukuran kadar MDA dapat mewakili perubahan kadar di hati yang""diakibatkan oleh kerusakan."

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ABSTRACTBackground: Previous studies showed that Syzygium aromaticum (clove) couldbe antioxidant or prooxidant. It is important to obtain better understanding aboutthe effect of clove on malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration due to carbontetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and blood plasma in Day1 and Day 3; and whether blood plasma MDA level might represent liver damage.""Methods: 10 kinds of treatment consist of 5 kinds for liver and 5 for plasma.Each rat group underwent several treatments, namely (1) CCl4- and clove-positivetreatment after 3 days of clove treatment, (2) one day after, (3) alpha-tocopherol,(4) CCl4, and (5) normal control. Wills method was used for MDA concentrationmeasurement.Results: : Liver MDA concentration was 0.0262 ± 0.0010 for day 3 group, 0.0214±0.0047 for day 1 group, 0 for alpha-tocopherol group, 0.0077 ±0.0094 for CCl4group, and 0.0039 ±0.0009 for the normal control group in nmol/mg protein(p=0.000). Whereas in blood plasma it was 29.6032 ± 6.8021 for day 3 group,26.1103 ±3.6920 for day 1 group, 1.1612 ±0.3555 for alpha-tocopherol group,1.4585 ±1.4747 for CCl4 group, and 2.4217 ±1.2382 for normal control group innmol/mL (p=0.000).""Conclusion: 200 mg clove administration /kg body weight of rat increased MDAconcentration and enhanced CCl4-induced damage in a time-dependent fashion.No antioxidant properties were observed. Strong correlation between MDAconcentration in the liver and blood plasma (R=0.97; p=0.003) approved bloodplasma utilization to represent hepatic MDA concentration or damage"

"Background: older people contributed to 38.6% of death cases related to COVID-19 in Indonesia. Data regarding clinical profile of hospitalised elderly with COVID-19 in Indonesia were still lacking. Older people are at-risk population in the pandemic, whom we should pay attention to. Methods: this single centre descriptive study utilised complete data of elderly inpatients with COVID-19 in Indonesia’s national general hospital from April to late August 2020. The data consisted of clinical characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, multimorbidity, and mortality outcome. Results: among elderly patients (n=44), a majority of patients were aged 60-69 years (68%), were male (66%), and had no history of close contact with COVID-19 patient (86%). The most common symptoms were fever, cough and shortness of breath (classic symptoms of COVID-19), whereas the most common chronic diseases were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and malignancy. Multimorbidity was only found in 14% of patients, all of whom remained alive following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The death rate among elderly inpatients with COVID-19 in this study was 23%, and male older adults contributed to 90% of death cases. Conclusion: male patients dominated both confirmed cases and death cases among elderly with COVID-19. Classic symptoms of COVID-19 were only found in about half of the study patients. Non-survivors had higher percentage of the classic symptoms of COVID-19 than survivors. Atypical COVID-19 presentations are possible in older adults. We postulated that immunosenescence and sex-specific immunoregulatory function play an important role in causing death in this study cohort."