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"Escherichia coli (E.coli) merupakan bakteri yang paling sering menyebabkan diare. Kemampuan hidup E.coli sangat mudah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai rangsangan. Akan tetapi, rangsangan bunyi, terutama dalam rentang audiosonik (20-20.000Hz), belum banyak diteliti. Peneliti menduga bahwa efek dari pemaparan frekuensi bunyi audiosonik secara berseling akan menstimulasi viabilitas Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan sonikator sebagai sumber bunyi. Frekuensi yang digunakan adalah 7 kHz dan 17 kHz selama 10 detik. Setelah itu, jumlah koloni E.coli dihitung dengan metode total plate count setelah sediaan diinkubasi. Untuk menjamin validitas, tiap perlakuan dilakukan dua kali. Penghitungan bakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan colony counter. Jumlah E.coli yang dihitung adalah E.coli pada pengenceran dengan jumlah 30-300 koloni. Terjadi penurunan viabilitas pada pemaparan frekuensi bunyi dalam rentang audiosonik secara berseling. Penurunan viabilitas tersebut lebih besar pada frekuensi 7 KHz daripada 17 KHz. Rata-rata jumlah E.coli pada kontrol dan pajanan frekuensi 7 kHz dan 17 kHz berturut-turut sebesar 2,84 x 109 koloni, 4,05 x 107 koloni, dan 5,05 x 108 koloni. Jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap perlakuan [7 kHz (p=0.032); 17 kHz (p=0.023)] dengan uji T berpasangan. Frekuensi bunyi dalam rentang audiosonik secara berseling menurunkan viabilitas E.coli . Penurunan viabilitas lebih besar dialami oleh bakteri pada pajanan dengan frekuensi 7kHz daripada 17 kHz. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, suara dalam rentang audiosonik secara berseling dapat menurunkan viablitas E.coli.

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Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacteria causing diarrhea. Its life is easily influenced by physical and chemical stimulation. However, sound stimulation, especially in audiosonic range (20-20.000 Hz) alternately, have not been explored much. Researcher hypotesized that it would stimulate E.coli growth. This research is categorized as experimental research by using sonication tools as the sound source. Researcher used frequency on 7 and 17 KHz for 10 seconds By total plate count, the media contain colony of E.coli would be counted for analysis. In order to guarantee the validity, each action would be done twice.

Counting would be done only those diluted preparation with 30-300 colonies. E.coli got its viability decreased by audible frequency sound alternately. Average of the E.coli count in control, 7 kHz, and 17 kHz is respectively 2,84 x 109 ; 4,05 x 107; and 5,05 x 108 colonies. Relation between each intervention and control are significant [7 kHz (p=0.032); 17 kHz (p=0.023)] by paired T-test. Audible sound frequency which is given alternately against E.coli would decrease E.coli viability. Its decreasing effect is greater in 7kHz stimulation than 17 kHz. In conclusion, sound in audiosonic range, alternately, may decrease E.coli viability. "

"Latar BelakangPeningkatan kasus diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan berbagai komplikasinya memberikan dampak gangguan fungsional seseorang dalam bentuk gangguan kognitif dan kapasitas fisik. Keduanya masih reversibel dan baru diketahui berhubungan sehingga disebut sebagai PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). Kondisi PCDS baru dipelajari pada lansia dan belum spesifik pada penyandang DMT2.TujuanMengetahui korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan komponen physiocognitive decline syndrome pada penyandang DMT2 dewasa usia pertengahan.MetodeStudi potong lintang menggunakan consecutive sampling dari pasien di poliklinik metabolik endokrin dan poli jantung terpadu sejak Januari 202-November 2022. Subjek DMT2 berusia 40-59 tahun diinklusi. Pemeriksaan kekuatan genggam tangan, dan kecepatan berjalan 6-meter diperiksakan di ruangan standar. MoCA-Ina dilakukan oleh dokter yang telah dilatih. Data HbA1c subjek yang diperiksa adalah HbA1c 3 bulan terakhir. Analisis korelasi Pearson’s atau Spearman’s pada SPSS 20.0 dilakukan sesuai sebaran data.HasilSebanyak 133 subjek telah dianalisis. Usia median mencapai 53 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan serta komplikasi pada masing-masing kateori kendali glikemik (batas HbA1c 7,0%) serupa. Subjek didominasi dengan pendidikan SMA dan Sarjana/Diploma. Median durasi terdiagnosisnya diabetes melitus mencapai 7 tahun dengan HbA1c median 7.6%. Nilai MoCA-Ina pada subjek mencapai nilai median 24 dengan kecepatan berjalan rerata 1.02 + 0.23 m/detik dan median kekuatan genggam tangan 24 kg. Terdapat korelasi bermakna hanya pada HbA1c dengan kekutan genggam tangan (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01), terutama pada perempuanKesimpulanTerdapat korelasi bermakna antara kendali glikemik dan kekuatan genggam tangan.

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Background

Increasing cases of type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM) including its complication have caused functional dysfunction consisted of cognitive decline and physical incapacity. Both cognitive decline and physical incapacity had been just known to be reversible and related to each other, so it is termed as PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). However, it had been just evaluated in geriatric and not specific to T2DM patient.

Aim

To investigate the correlation between glycaemic correlation and component of physiocognitive decline syndrome in middle-aged adult with T2DM.

Methods

A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling in our metabolic and endocrine clinic and integrated heart centre in January 2021-November 2022 had been conducted. Inclusion criteria was 40-59 years old subjects with T2DM. Measurement of HbA1c in the last 3 month were analysed, while hand grip strength and gait speed were done in standard room. MoCA-Ina had been conducted by trained doctor. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s or Spearman’s in SPSS 20.0 was done according to data distribution.

Result

133 subjects were analysed. Median age was 53 years old with both sex and complication within each glycaemic control category (HbA1c 7,0% cut off) were similar. Subjects were dominated by high school and undergraduate/diploma education level. Most subjects were diagnosed in up to 7 years of T2DM. Median of HbA1c levels in our study was 7.6%. MoCA-Ina score was 24 in median with mean of gait speed was 1.02 + 0.23 m/s. Our median for hand grip was 24 kg. Significant correlation was only found in relationship of HbA1c and hand grip strength (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01).

Conclusion

There was significant correlation between glycaemic control and hand grip strength."

"Peningkatan kasus diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan berbagai komplikasinya memberikan dampak gangguan fungsional seseorang dalam bentuk gangguan kognitif dan kapasitas fisik. Keduanya masih reversibel dan baru diketahui berhubungan sehingga disebut sebagai PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). Kondisi PCDS baru dipelajari pada lansia dan belum spesifik pada penyandang DMT2.TujuanMengetahui korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan komponen physiocognitive decline syndrome pada penyandang DMT2 dewasa usia pertengahan.Metode Studi potong lintang menggunakan consecutive sampling dari pasien di poliklinik metabolik endokrin dan poli jantung terpadu sejak Januari 2021 – November 2022. Subjek DMT2 berusia 40 – 59 tahun diinklusi. Pemeriksaan kekuatan genggam tangan, dan kecepatan berjalan 6-meter diperiksakan di ruangan standar. MoCA-Ina dilakukan oleh dokter yang telah dilatih. Data HbA1c subjek yang diperiksa adalah HbA1c 3 bulan terakhir. Analisis korelasi Pearson’s atau Spearman’s pada SPSS 20.0 dilakukan sesuai sebaran data.Hasil Sebanyak 133 subjek telah dianalisis. Usia median mencapai 53 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan serta komplikasi pada masing-masing kateori kendali glikemik (batas HbA1c 7,0%) serupa. Subjek didominasi dengan pendidikan SMA dan Sarjana/Diploma. Median durasi terdiagnosisnya diabetes melitus mencapai 7 tahun dengan HbA1c median 7.6%. Nilai MoCA-Ina pada subjek mencapai nilai median 24 dengan kecepatan berjalan rerata 1.02 + 0.23 m/detik dan median kekuatan genggam tangan 24 kg. Terdapat korelasi bermakna hanya pada HbA1c dengan kekutan genggam tangan (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01), terutama pada perempuanKesimpulanTerdapat korelasi bermakna antara kendali glikemik dan kekuatan genggam tangan.

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Increasing cases of type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM) including its complication have caused functional dysfunction consisted of cognitive decline and physical incapacity. Both cognitive decline and physical incapacity had been just known to be reversible and related to each other, so it is termed as PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). However, it had been just evaluated in geriatric and not specific to T2DM patient.

To investigate the correlation between glycaemic correlation and component of physiocognitive decline syndrome in middle-aged adult with T2DM.

A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling in our metabolic and endocrine clinic and integrated heart centre in January 2021 – November 2022 had been conducted. Inclusion criteria was 40 – 59 years old subjects with T2DM. Measurement of HbA1c in the last 3 month were analysed, while hand grip strength and gait speed were done in standard room. MoCA-Ina had been conducted by trained doctor. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s or Spearman’s in SPSS 20.0 was done according to data distribution.

133 subjects were analysed. Median age was 53 years old with both sex and complication within each glycaemic control category (HbA1c 7,0% cut off) were similar. Subjects were dominated by high school and undergraduate/diploma education level. Most subjects were diagnosed in up to 7 years of T2DM. Median of HbA1c levels in our study was 7.6%. MoCA-Ina score was 24 in median with mean of gait speed was 1.02 + 0.23 m/s. Our median for hand grip was 24 kg. Significant correlation was only found in relationship of HbA1c and hand grip strength (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01).

There was significant correlation between glycaemic control and hand grip strength.

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