Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tembakau temanggung merupakan tembakau musim kemarau (Voor Oogst) yang tidak membutuhkan curah hujan ketika panen. Penyimpangan curah hujan ketika musim kemarau dapat menggagalkan panen, yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan petani. Penggunaan metode deskriptif dan analisis pola keruangan dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan daerah yang mengalami penyimpangan curah hujan dengan pendapatan petani tembakau. Penyimpangan curah hujan tahun 2010 diolah dari data curah hujan dasarian yang di bandingkan dengan curah hujan rata-rata dasarian tahun 1981 - 2008, yang dijadikan dasar untuk menentukan lokasi survei. Survei lapang dilakukan di 16 titik di lima kecamatan yaitu Tretep, Ngadirejo, Bulu, Tlogomulyo dan Tembarak dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penyimpangan curah hujan paling tinggi sebesar 207% terjadi di lahan berketinggian > 1.000 mdpl. Penyimpangan curah hujan menyebabkan produksi tembakau berkurang sebanyak 20,7% dengan penurunan kualitas sebesar 52,17%. Pendapatan petani rata-rata berkurang sebanyak 51,89%. Berkurangnya pendapatan petani terlihat dengan berkurangnya barang investasi yang dibeli seperti kendaraan bermotor, ternak dan emas.

---

Temanggung tobbaco is tobbaco dry season (Voor Oogst) which doesn‟t require rainfall when the crop. Deviation of rainfall during the dry season can thwart harvesting, affecting the income of farmers. The use of descriptive and spatial pattern analysis in this study aims to determine the relationship areas experiencing rainfall irregularities with tobacco farmers' income. In 2010 the rainfall deviation calculated from rainfall data dasarian that in comparison with an average rainfall dasarian 1981 - 2008, which is used as the basis for determining the location of the survey.

Field survey conducted in 16 points in five Kecamatan namely Tretep, Ngadirejo, Fur, Tlogomulyo and Tembarak by purposive sampling technique. The analysis showed the highest rainfall deviation of 207% occurred in Tretep. Deviation of rainfall led to the production of tobacco decreased by 20.7% with a decrease of 52.17% quality. The average farmer's income decreased by 51.89%. Reduced farmers' income looks to reduced investments purchased goods such as motor vehicles, livestock and gold."

"ABSTRAKBerbagai macam perlakuan panas pada paduan AA7075-T651 telah diteliti mampu memberikan hasil yang bervariasi baik menguntungkan maupun merugikan. Adapun pengaruh perlakuan panas tempo singkat terhadap AA7075-T651 dalam penggunaan di lapangan masih belum banyak diteliti. Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh perlakuan panas terhadap paduan AA7075-T651 pada suhu 300 derajat C, 400 derajat C, 500 derajat C, dan 600 deraqjat C dengan durasi pemanasan tiap suhu 1 jam. Perubahan struktur mikro diamati menggunakan scanning electron microscope dan energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Perubahan kekerasan diamati melalui uji kekerasan Vickers. Perubahan sifat korosi diteliti dengan metode polarisasi diantaranya open-circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), dan potentiodynamic polarization; serta metode hilang berat. Perubahan struktur mikro paduan AA7075-T651 sebagai hasil perlakuan panas mengubah kekerasan dan sifat korosi paduan. Fasa Mg-rich stabil setelah dipanaskan pada suhu 300 derajat C dan 400 derajat C lalu sebagian larut dan hilang pada suhu 500 derajat C dan 600 derajat C. Fasa Fe-rich tetap stabil setelah perlakuan panas. Kekerasan paduan setelah dipanaskan menurun dari 136 HV menjadi hingga 78,5 HV dipengaruhi oleh perubahan distribusi presipitat dan kerapatan partikel dari 18,0 x 104 partikel/mm2 menjadi hingga 5,8 x 104 partikel/mm2. Meningkatnya kerapatan partikel menyebabkan peningkatan kekerasan dan konduktivitas listrik tetapi kekerasan setelah perlakuan panas menurun karena disolusi presipitat metastabil. Penurunan kerapatan partikel memicu penurunan kekerasan dan konduktivitas listrik. Konduktivitas listrik tertinggi bernilai 418 x 106 (Ω.m) -1 didapat setelah pemanasan pada suhu 500 derajat C sedangkan nilai terendah didapat setelah pemanasan suhu 600 derajat C yaitu 4,22 x 106 (Ω.m) -1. Laju korosi tertinggi diperoleh setelah paduan dipanaskan pada suhu 300 derajat C yaitu 45,12 mmpy diikuti morfologi korosi berupa korosi eksfoliasi. Laju korosi terendah diperoleh setelah pemanasan suhu 600 derajat C diikuti morfologi korosi mikrogalvanik yang menyerang matriks di sekitar batas butir.

---

ABSTRACTVarious types of heat treatment on AA7075-T651 alloys have been investigated capable of providing varied results both beneficial and detrimental. However, the effect of short-term heat treatment on AA7075-T651 in the field application has not been widely studied. This research discusses the effect of heat treatment in a short time on AA7075-T651 alloy at temperatures of 300 derajat C, 400 derajat C, 500 derajat C, and 600 derajat C with the duration of each 1 hour. Alteration of microstructure were observed using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Changes in hardness were observed through Vickers hardness test. Corrosion properties were examined by polarization methods including open-circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization; and the weight loss method. The microstructure alteration as a result of heat treatment influenced the hardness and corrosion behaviour. The Mg-rich phase is stable after being heated at 300 derajat C and 400 derajat C then partially dissolved and lost at 500 derajat C and 600 derajat C. The Fe-rich phase remained stable after heat treatment. The hardness of the alloy after being heated decreased from 136 HV to 78.5 HV which was influenced by changes in the distribution of precipitate and particle density from 18.0 x 104 particles/mm2 to down to 5.8 x 104 particles/mm2. Increasing particle density causes an increase in hardness and electrical conductivity but the hardness decreased after heat treatment due to the dissolution of metastable precipitates. Decreasing particle density triggers a decrease in hardness and electrical conductivity. The highest electrical conductivity of 418 x 106 (Ω.m) -1 was obtained after heating at 500 derajat C while the lowest value was obtained after heating at a temperature of 600 derajat C which was 4.22 x 106 (Ω.m) -1. The highest corrosion rate obtained after heat treatment at 300 derajat C is 45.12 mmpy followed by the morphology of corrosion in the form of exfoliation corrosion. The lowest corrosion rate obtained after heating at 600 derajatC was followed by the morphology of microgalvanic corrosion which attacked the matrix around the grain boundaries."

"Although technological advances have fueled the rising demand for lipase as a biocatalyst, commercial availability remains limited and costs prohibitive. To meet this need, an extracellular lipase enzyme from Aspergillus niger can be produced through solid state fermentation (SSF) using agroindustrial wastes including tofu dregs, coconut dregs, and corn bran. These agroindustrial residues still contain nutrients, especially lipids/triglycerides, making them a potential fermentation medium to produce lipase. Lipase with the highest activity level (8.48 U/mL) was obtained using a tofu dreg substrate, 4% inducer concentration, and 9-day fermentation period. This crude lipase extract was then dried with a spray drier and immobilized in a macroporous anion resin using the adsorption-crosslinking method. The immobilized lipase’s activity was assayed by a biodiesel synthesis reaction; it showed 48.3% yield. The immobilized enzyme's stability was also tested through four cycles of biodiesel synthesis; in the fourth cycle, the enzyme maintained 84% of its initial activity."

"Mangrove merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak fungsi penting, diantaranya fungsi perlindungan dari ancaman perubahan iklim dan penyerap karbon di atmosfer. Mangrove memiliki tingkat adaptasi yang tinggi terhadap faktor abiotic disekitar, namun kemampuan adaptasi setiap mangrove berbeda, sehingga faktor abiotik bisa menjadi ancaman bagi keberadaan mangrove. Kebutuhan lahan yang terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan penduduk juga menjadi tantangan dan ancaman kepada keberadaan mangrove di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan area mangrove dan faktor fisik yang menjadi ancaman terhadap mangrove. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif keruangan dengan memanfaatkan data penginderaan jauh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perubahan area mangrove terjadi di keempat zonasi penelitian dimana terjadi penurunan luasan dari tahun 2017 hingga tahun 2020 sebanyak 1.030,40 Ha dan peningkatan di tahun 2021 sebanyak 199,53 Ha. Penurunan luasan mangrove memiliki temporal yang berbeda di setiap zona. Sedangkan peningkatan luasan terjadi di seluruh zona pada tahun 2021. Faktor yang menjadi ancaman bagi ekosistem mangrove adalah penurunan curah hujan lebih dari 500mm per tahun.

---

Mangroves are plants that have many important functions, including the function of protecting from the threat of climate change and absorbing carbon in the atmosphere. Mangroves have a high degree of adaptation to the surrounding abiotic factors, but the adaptability of each mangrove is different, so that abiotic factors can be a threat to the existence of mangroves. The need for land that continues to increase along with population growth is also a challenge and threat to the existence of mangroves in coastal areas. This study aims to determine changes in mangrove areas and physical factors that pose a threat to mangroves. The method used in this research is descriptive spatial analysis by utilizing remote sensing data. The results showed that changes in mangrove areas occurred in the four research zones where there was a decrease in area from 2017 to 2020 by 1.030,40 Ha and an increase in 2021 by 199,53 Ha. The decrease in mangrove area has a different temporal in each zone. Meanwhile, an increase in area will occur in all zones in 2021. Physical environmental factors that pose a threat to the mangrove ecosystem are a decrease in rainfall of more than 500 mm per year."