"Propolis adalah produk yang diperoleh dari resin yang dikumpulkan lebah dan diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, anti inflamasi, antivirus, antioksidan, antiprotozoal, antitumor, anestesi, antikanker, antiseptik, antimutagenik dan antihepatotoksik. Produk propolis yang banyak beredar umumnya didapatkan dari proses ekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol. Pelarut etanol dapat mengekstraksi senyawa fenol dan flavonoid propolis serta melarutkan lilin propolis dengan baik, namun memiliki kelemahan diantaranya meninggalkan rasa yang kuat, terbatas dalam aplikasi di industri kosmetik dan farmasi, serta adanya intoleransi alkohol bagi sebagian konsumen. Oleh sebab itu, dalam penelitian ini dicari alternatif pelarut propolis dari VCO dan NADES. NADES yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah CCPG (kolin klorida-propilen glikol), CCGW (kolin klorida-gliserol-air) dan CAPD (asam sitrat-propilen glikol). Bahan baku propolis berasal dari lebah tetragonula sapiens Sulawesi Selatan. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan homogenisasi dengan kecepatan 355 rpm selama 8 jam pada suhu ruang. Perbandingan sampel dan pelarut yang digunakan dalam ekstraksi adalah 1:5. Ekstrak propolis kemudian diuji kandungan fenol total nya dengan metode kolorimetri Folin-Ciocalteu dan diuji aktivitas antioksidannya dengan pereaksi DPPH. Hasil dari penelitian ini kandungan fenolik total ekstrak propolis dengan pelarut etanol, VCO, CCPG, CCGW dan CAPD berturut-turut adalah 352,52±5,12; 193,11±60,98; 693,03±91,09; 136,17±27,9 dan 278,51±0,45 mgGAE/g. Sementara itu, aktivitas antioksidan yang dinyatakan dengan nilai IC50 untuk ekstrak propolis dengan pelarut etanol, VCO, CCPG, CCGW dan CAPD berturut-turut adalah 364, 550, 4.625, 9.956 dan 11.029 mg/mL. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui pelarut terbaik untuk ekstraksi propolis adalah etanol karena esktrak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dan pelarut NADES berbasis CCPG cukup prospektif untuk digunakan dalam ekstraksi Propolis Indonesia.
Propolis is a product obtained from resins collected by bees and is known to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antiprotozoal, antitumor, anesthetic, anticancer, antiseptic, antimutagenic and antihepatotoxic activities. Most of the propolis products in market are obtained from the extraction process with ethanol as a solvent. Ethanol solvent can extract phenolic and flavonoid compounds and also dissolve propolis wax well. However, ethanol solvents have disadvantages such as leaving a strong taste, limited application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, and alcohol intolerance for some consumers. Therefore, in this study an alternative propolis solvent from VCO and NADES was sought. The samples of propolis used were from tetragonula sapiens bees from South Sulawesi. Extraction was carried out by maceration at room temperature with stirring at 150 rpm for 8 hours. The ratio of the sample and the solvent used in the extraction is 1: 5. The propolis extract was then tested for its total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu calorimetric method and tested for its antioxidant activity with DPPH reagent. NADES used in this study were CCPG (choline chloride-propylene glycol), CCGW (choline chloride-glycerol-water) and CAPD (citric acid-propylene glycol). The raw material for propolis comes from the South Sulawesi bee Tetragonula sapiens. Extraction was carried out by homogenization at 355 rpm for 8 hours at room temperature. The ratio of the sample and solvent used in the extraction is 1:5. The propolis extract was then tested for its total phenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and for its antioxidant activity with DPPH reagent. The results of this study is the total phenolic content of propolis extract with ethanol, VCO, CCPG, CCGW and CAPD solvents were 352.52±5.12; 193.11±60.98; 693.03±91.09; 136.17±27.9 and 278,51±0.45 mgGAE/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity expressed by IC50 values for propolis extract with ethanol, VCO, CCPG, CCGW and CAPD solvents were 364, 550, 4,625, 9,956 and 11,029 mg/mL, respectively. From this study, it is known that the best solvent for propolis extraction is ethanol because the extract has the highest antioxidant activity and CCPG NADES solvent is quite prospective to be used in Indonesian Propolis extraction."
