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"[ABSTRAKTugas Karya Akhir ini membahas tentang pengaruh sumber daya yangdimiliki oleh kelompok kepentingan American Israel Public Affairs Committee(AIPAC) terhadap kapabilitasnya untuk melobi pemerintah Amerika Serikat (AS).Khususnya dalam mewujudkan kebijakan luar negeri yang pro terhadap Israel,salah satunya kebijakan Syria Accountability and Lebanese SovereigntyRestoration Act (SALSRA) tahun 2003. Sumber daya kelompok kepentinganAIPAC tersebut meliputi sumber daya finansial, sumber daya anggota danlobbyist. Untuk menjelaskan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan konsepkelompok kepentingan dan lobi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sumberdaya anggota dan sumber daya finansial yang dimiliki AIPAC lebih dominandalam menentukan kapabilitas AIPAC dalam melobi pemerintah AS untukmenghasilkan kebijakan SALSRA tahun 2003.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses how influential the resources of the interestgroup American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) towards its capabilityto lobby the United States government in achieving the foreign policy of pro-Israel, one of which policies include Syria Accountability and LebaneseSovereignty Restoration Act ( SALSRA ) in 2003. The resources of the interestgroup AIPAC includes financial resources, members and lobbyists. To explain theabove statement, this study uses the concept of interest group and lobbying. Theresult of this study shows that AIPAC?s members and financial resources is more dominant in terms of AIPAC's capability in lobbying U.S. Government togenerate the SALSRA policy in 2003. ;This thesis discusses how influential the resources of the interestgroup?American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)? towards its capabilityto lobby the United States government in achieving the foreign policy of pro-Israel, one of which policies include Syria Accountability and LebaneseSovereignty Restoration Act ( SALSRA ) in 2003. The resources of the interestgroup AIPAC includes financial resources, members and lobbyists. To explain theabove statement, this study uses the concept of interest group and lobbying. Theresult of this study shows that AIPAC?s members and financial resources is moredominant in terms of AIPAC?s capability in lobbying U.S. Government togenerate the SALSRA policy in 2003. , This thesis discusses how influential the resources of the interestgroup“American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)” towards its capabilityto lobby the United States government in achieving the foreign policy of pro-Israel, one of which policies include Syria Accountability and LebaneseSovereignty Restoration Act ( SALSRA ) in 2003. The resources of the interestgroup AIPAC includes financial resources, members and lobbyists. To explain theabove statement, this study uses the concept of interest group and lobbying. Theresult of this study shows that AIPAC’s members and financial resources is moredominant in terms of AIPAC’s capability in lobbying U.S. Government togenerate the SALSRA policy in 2003. ]"

"Perkembangan seni di ruang kota mengalami transformasi seiring berkembangnya kota di dunia. Beberapa jenis seni yang muncul di ruang kota sebagai manifestasi dari dialektika sosio-spasial adalah seni jalanan dan graffiti. Meskipun dikonstruksikan sebagai aktivitas laki-laki, namun di Indonesia terdapat sebuah komunitas bernama Ladies on Wall, yang mewadahi perempuan yang aktif pada dua bidang seni tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana seniman perempuan menggunakan mural dan graffiti sebagai strategi dalam mengakses dan mengklaim ruang kota. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode etnografi, penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa seniman perempuan memiliki tantangan yang lebih besar daripada laki-laki yang menggeluti hal yang sama. Penulis melihat hal ini disebabkan oleh keterbatasan perempuan dalam mengakses ruang publik yang dalam penelitian ini dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu psikologi, budaya dan kebijakan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tantangan juga datang dari dalam subkultur graffiti itu sendiri yang berupa tekanan dari graffiti writer laki-laki dan fenomena poser pada kelompok graffiti perempuan. Meskipun demikian, perempuan-perempuan tersebut dapat bernegoisasi dengan keadaan ruang kota yang tidak aman dan ramah terhadap mereka melalui beberapa strategi. Melalui mural dan graffti, seniman perempuan tersebut dapat mengakses ruang kota secara penuh dan mengklaim kembali ruang kota dengan menciptakan ruang sosial dan diferensial baru bagi mereka.

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The development of art in urban spaces have experienced a massive transformation as the city itself grows. Some of the arts that are found in cities as a manifestation from socio-spatial dialectics are street art and graffiti. Even though it is constructed as a commotion for male, in Indonesia, there is a community called Ladies on Wall, that enables female to be present in that two types of arts. This study aims to analyze how female artists uses mural and graffiti as a strategy to access and claim urban spaces. Using the qualitative and ethnography method, this study will show how female artists faces various challenges that are far bigger than what male faces in the same area of interest. Writer sees this as a cause of females limitation in accessing public places in which there are three main factors; psychology, culture and policy. Other than that, this study shows that challenges also come from graffiti subculture itself, which is the pressure from male graffiti writers and poser phenomenon from female graffiti groups. Even so, the female artists are able to negotiate with the current situation of the urban space-not safe but still accessible with strategies. Through mural and graffiti, female artists are able to fully access urban places and claim their space by creating new social places for themselves. "