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"Peningkatan kesejahteraan dan perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi nonpertanian di perdesaan merupakan suatu indikator yang mencerminkan keberhasilan proses pembangunan di perdesaan. Penelitian ini memandang bahwa pencapaian tersebut tidak dapat tercipta dengan sendirinya; dibutuhkan suatu kebijakan pemerintah yang tepat sebagai landasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat lebih dalam kontribusi infrastruktur, sebagai suatu bentuk kebijakan pemerintah, dalam mendorong perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi non-pertanian dan pengentasan kemiskinan di perdesaan. Model regresi probit dan tobit digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari infrastruktur fisik, jasa, institusi dan indikator non-infrastruktur lainnya terhadap status kemiskinan dan perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi non-pertanian rumah tangga perdesaan, berdasarkan data cross section survey IFLS4 2007. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa kelancaran proses pengentasan kemiskinan dan perkembangan aktivitas non-pertanian di perdesaan membutuhkan infrastruktur jalan yang berkualitas, sistem pasokan listrik yang handal, sistem irigasi yang modern, kualitas tata kelola pemerintahan kabupaten yang baik, dan tingkat pendidikan kepala keluarga yang memadai. Kepemilikan lahan dapat membuat rumah tangga di perdesaan terhindar dari kemiskinan, walaupun hal tersebut bukanlah suatu persyaratan untuk dapat terlibat dalam bisnis non-pertanian. Infrastruktur jasa memiliki peran yang bervariasi didalam pengentasan kemiskinan dan perkembangan aktivitas non-pertanian di perdesaan, sedangkan jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang semakin banyak dapat mendorong perkembangan sektor ekonomi non-pertanian di perdesaan. Penelitian ini juga berhasil mengkonfirmasi secara statistik keabsahan premis utama yang menyatakan bahwa partisipasi ke sektor non-pertanian dapat menjadi strategi yang tepat bagi rumah tangga di perdesaan agar terhindar dari kondisi kemiskinan.

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The increased of general welfare and spreading of rural non-farm activity represent the triumph of development process in rural area. This study argues that such achievement needs appropriate policy intervention as its cornerstone.

This research aims at analyzing the role of infrastructure, as a policy intervention, in stimulating the development of non-farm activity and poverty reduction in rural area.

Probit and tobit regression are used to analyze the impact of physical, services, and institutional infrastructures as well as non-infrastructure variables on poverty status of the rural household and development of non-farm economy, based on cross sectional survey data of IFLS4 2007.

The regression result suggests that the success of poverty reduction and development of non-farm activity in rural areas requires qualified road network, reliable electricity supply, advanced irrigation system, good corporate governance at municipality level, and higher education attainment of head of the rural household. The land ownership can keep the rural household out of poverty, though it is not a pre-requisite to participate in the non-farm economy. Services infrastructures have a mix impact on poverty reduction and rural non-farm activity, while the size of the household can support the development of rural non-farm economy.

The study also statistically confirmed the validity of the basic premise that the participation of rural household into the non-farm economy would serve as a strategy to be spared out of poverty status."

"AbstractEconomic and political systems might have a great share in determining the speed of the economic growth in an economy. Majority of the researchs in the past relied on physical input accumulation in determining economic growth, without taking into account the contribution of institutional characteristics. This research is aimed to test the hypothesis that economic freedom and political system affect the economic growth. Using panel data method (pooled least square approach) in eight ASEAN countries during the period of 1997-2007 and based on a framework of Solow economic growth model, it is showed that the more free and efficient economy leads to faster economic growth, and political democracy can otherwise hinder economic growth. Economy can grow higher if public policies are directed to the creation of: a stable monetary conditions, a more efficient in intermediation of financial markets, appropriate public budget policy, straightforward and efficient regulations, corruption eradication, as well as lower taxes. Nevertheless the index of investment freedom and property rights are far away from the behaviors of existing theories and hypothesis, so further research is needed."