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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara profil lipid darah dengan derajat retinopati diabetik penderita DM tipe-2. Penelitian potong-lintang pada 52 pasien retinopati diabetika dilaksanakan di Poliklinik Mata, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data demografi, gaya hidup, lama menderita DM, pemeriksaan fisik dan antropometrik, asupan lemak, asam lemak dan kolesterol data kadar gula darah puasa, A1C, kolesterol total, kolesterol-LDL, kolesterol-HDL and trigliserida, dan pemeriksaan fundus. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara profil lipid darah dengan derajat retinopati diabetik. Subyek terdiri dari 20 orang laki-laki dan 32 orang perempuan dengan rerata usia 53,8 ± 5,2 tahun. Sebanyak 53,8% telah didiagnosis DM selama >10 tahun, dengan rerata IMT adalah 24,1 ± 3,3 kg/m2 dan 38,5% diklasifikasikan sebagai obes I dan II. Rerata kadar gula darah puasa 157,5 ± 71,8 mg/dL, dan A1C 9,1 ± 2,4 %. Sebanyak 40,4% subyek mempunyai kadar kolesterol total darah tinggi, 34,6% kadar kolesterol-LDL darah sangat tinggi, dan 65,4% dengan kolesterol-HDL dan trigliserida darah normal. Derajat keparahan retinopati diabetika ditunjukkan dengan adanya 61,6% subyek dengan retinopati diabetika non-proliferasi berat (NPDR) and retinopati diabetika proliferasi (PDR). Kesimpulannya, belum dapat dibuktikan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara profil lipid dengan derajat retinopati diabetika.

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This study aimed to determine the relationship between plasma lipid profile and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. A cross sectional study was done in Ophthalmologic Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta for 52 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. Data collected were demographic, life style, duration of diabetes, physical and antropometric examinations, fat, fatty acid and cholesterol intake, fasting plasma glucose, A1C, total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level, and fundus examination.

Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test to see the associations between plasma lipid profile and DR in type 2 diabetes patients. Subjects comprised of 20 males and 32 females diabetes patients with mean age of 53.8 ± 5.2 years. As much as 53.8% had been diagnosed as DM for >10 years. The mean value of BMI was 24.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2 and 38.5% were classified as obese I and II. The mean value of fasting plasma glucose was 157.5 ± 71.8 mg/dL, and A1C was 9.1 ± 2.4 %.

For lipid profile, 40.4% had high total cholesterol level (>240 mg/dL), 34.6% had high and very high LDL-cholesterol level (≥160 mg/dL), and 65.4% had normal HDL-cholesterol (40-60 mg/dL) and triglyceride level (<150 mg/dL). For the severity of retinopathy, 61.6% had severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopahy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopahy (PDR). In conclusion, there were no significant associations between plasma lipid profile and the severity of diabetic retinopathy."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai maraknya kasus antisemitisme di Rusia pada kurun waktu 2004-2008 yang merupakan era pemerintahan Vladimir Putin yang kedua. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis topik skripsi ini yaitu metode historis (sejarah) dan hasilnya akan disajikan dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Hasil yang didapat dari hasil analisis bab empat adalah kasus antisemitisme di Rusia selama ini terjadi karena adanya stereotip-stereotip berkaitan dengan kaum Yahudi yang diwariskan secara turun-menurun dalam masyarakat Rusia yang multikultur serta anggapan bahwa kaum yahudi adalah sumber sagala masalah sehingga hal tersebut semakin menguatkan alas an tindak kekerasan terhadap mereka. Selain itu, pemerintah Rusia pada era kekuasaan Vladimir Putin kurang tanggap dalam merespon kasus-kasus antisemitisme yang terjadi sehingga kasusnya terus meningkat.

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The focus of this final paper is about the problem of anti-Semitism which occurred in Russia during Vladimir Putin's second term in office namely 2004-2008. The method used o analyze the problem here is historical method, while the result will be presented with descriptive-analytical method. Result that obtained from the fourth chapter is anti-Semitic problems is Russia occurred because of the stereotypes which are associated with Jews, always passed from older generations to younger generations in multicultural Russian society, and the assumption that Jews are the source of all problems strengthen the reason for majority Russians to do violence on them. Besides that, the Russian government in Vladimir Putin's second term in office was less responsive in responding the anti-Semitic problem so that it keeps increasing time after time."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor risiko tingginya penularan IMS-HIV/AIDS adalahbanyaknya pelanggan yang dilayani seorang WPS. Makin besar jumlahpelanggan, makin besar kemungkinan tertular HIV. Sebaliknya jika WPS telahterinfeksi IMS-HIV, maka makin banyak pelanggan yang mungkin tertulardarinya. Rendahnya penggunaan kondom pada transaksi seks merupakan suatumasalah yang harus diperhatikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktorfaktoryang berhubungan pada WPS dengan HIV/AIDS terhadap perilakupenggunaan kondom pada pelanggannya di Lokalisasi Batu 15 KotaTanjungpinang tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi crosssectional. Populasi studi adalah seluruh WPS dengan HIV/AIDS yang ada diLokalisasi Batu 15, dengan jumlah sampel 45. Hasil penelitian didapatkan WPSdengan HIV/AIDS yang konsisten terhadap penggunaan kondom adalah 48.9%.Analisa menggunakan uji chi square, menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubunganantara variabel pendidikan, jumlah pelanggan, riwayat penyakit IMS, riwayatpenyakit HIV, ketersediaan kondom dan dukungan teman sebaya dengan perilakupenggunaan kondom. Belum tercapainya target nasional penggunaan kondompada WPS yaitu 60 %, maka perlu adanya kebijakan untuk condom use 100% diLokalisasi Batu 15 dan promosi kesehatan tentang peningkatan pengetahuanHIV/AIDS dan penggunaan kondom

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ABSTRACTOne of the highest risk factor for transmission of IMS-HIV/AIDS is thenumber of WPS. The more customers, the greater the likelihood of HIV infection.Conversely, if the WPS was infected with an STI, HIV medications, the morecustomers who might be infected. Low condom use in sex trafficking is a problemthat must be taken into account. The purpose of this study was to determine thefactors associated with WPS HIV/AIDS, condom use behavior to its clients in thelocalization of 15 Tanjungpinang City in 2011. In this study used cross-studydesign. WPS is the entire population with HIV/AIDS in localization of Batu 15,the number of samples, 45. Results of WPS with HIV/AIDS is consistent condomuse rate of 48.9%. Analysis of the use Chi-square test, showed that there was acorrelation between variables, the number of clients, the history of STDS, historyHIV disease, the availability of condoms and peer support with the behavior ofcondom use. Not achieving national targets on the WPS is 60% condom use, it's a100% condom use policy in the localization of Batu 15 and health promotionincreased knowledge about HIV / AIDS and condom use."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor risiko tingginya penularan IMS-HIV/AIDS adalahbanyaknya pelanggan yang dilayani seorang WPS. Makin besar jumlahpelanggan, makin besar kemungkinan tertular HIV. Sebaliknya jika WPS telahterinfeksi IMS-HIV, maka makin banyak pelanggan yang mungkin tertulardarinya. Rendahnya penggunaan kondom pada transaksi seks merupakan suatumasalah yang harus diperhatikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktorfaktoryang berhubungan pada WPS dengan HIV/AIDS terhadap perilakupenggunaan kondom pada pelanggannya di Lokalisasi Batu 15 KotaTanjungpinang tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi crosssectional. Populasi studi adalah seluruh WPS dengan HIV/AIDS yang ada diLokalisasi Batu 15, dengan jumlah sampel 45. Hasil penelitian didapatkan WPSdengan HIV/AIDS yang konsisten terhadap penggunaan kondom adalah 48.9%.Analisa menggunakan uji chi square, menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubunganantara variabel pendidikan, jumlah pelanggan, riwayat penyakit IMS, riwayatpenyakit HIV, ketersediaan kondom dan dukungan teman sebaya dengan perilakupenggunaan kondom. Belum tercapainya target nasional penggunaan kondompada WPS yaitu 60 %, maka perlu adanya kebijakan untuk condom use 100% diLokalisasi Batu 15 dan promosi kesehatan tentang peningkatan pengetahuanHIV/AIDS dan penggunaan kondom

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ABSTRACTOne of the highest risk factor for transmission of IMS-HIV/AIDS is thenumber of WPS. The more customers, the greater the likelihood of HIV infection.Conversely, if the WPS was infected with an STI, HIV medications, the morecustomers who might be infected. Low condom use in sex trafficking is a problemthat must be taken into account. The purpose of this study was to determine thefactors associated with WPS HIV/AIDS, condom use behavior to its clients in thelocalization of 15 Tanjungpinang City in 2011. In this study used cross-studydesign. WPS is the entire population with HIV/AIDS in localization of Batu 15,the number of samples, 45. Results of WPS with HIV/AIDS is consistent condomuse rate of 48.9%. Analysis of the use Chi-square test, showed that there was acorrelation between variables, the number of clients, the history of STDS, historyHIV disease, the availability of condoms and peer support with the behavior ofcondom use. Not achieving national targets on the WPS is 60% condom use, it's a100% condom use policy in the localization of Batu 15 and health promotionincreased knowledge about HIV / AIDS and condom use."

"This research discusses about communication and understanding about Perch No.212005 with the main subject study case about the non smoking area inside public transportation. This research means to shows on how communication method implemented in order to ask public transportation drivers to maintain their environment Eventually the basic purpose and target of this regulation would be on how do the health and hygiene environment at Jakarta city could be established by maintaining the air quality with following the no-smoking rules on designated place and public transportation included.This research was done through observation method and interview with qualitative descriptive research type. Communication among public transportation drivers, public transportation- vehicle's- owner and station--leader -hopefully-made through the two-ways communication method so they able to switch information, give a clear direction, reduce any misunderstanding so all received information can be implemented on their daily lives. Based on those analysis result writer hopes that the implementation of Perda no.2 year 2005 drivers could obey that regulation, grows internal conscious on how to maintain a health and clean environment, and the most essential thing is to be able to communicate this issue among drivers and other society.Besides as described above the communication process would be regarding on how the public transportation unit's owner when receives the information related to the Perda can socialize it to his drivers, event through the station leader or met the drivers directly. So that drivers deeply understand and Finally they want to obey that Perda. According to the finding result that came from observation and interview to the public transportation vehicle's owner, station leader and public transportation drivers can be summarize as below.Generally the public transportation vehicle's owner, station leader and the drivers already knew the implementation of this Perda Besides the information that they have from the media, event electronic and printed media, also got through their internal communication formed as advisory or discussion that conducted between the higher level person and the subordinates or among friends.Response from all parties generally the same which is they do not seriously care since among the higher level there are no strict rule so that on the lower level, station leader and drivers, will not follow that Perth. Otherwise the public transportation vehicle's owners do not want to deliver a strict rule since they do not want their employees leave them cause of their employees assumed that too many rules take place on the company.Assumed that there are no effort came from those parties in order get this Perda success since basically they do not care Perth implementation or even some of them obey the regulation that just because they drive the unit that have an AC installed, not because of the Perda, the main reason is because their superior strictly forbid the drivers to smoke since it can make the AC broken.Base on this research, writer advice to conduct a real socialization acts from DKI Jakarta government so the target and objectives of this Perda can be achieved and implemented. Additionally, in order to get a result on this research, it would be better if between the government, Organda as the public transportation representative in the government, with all public transportation vehicle's owners get involve on each policy that made especially policies which directly related to public transportation_ On account of that reason, at least Organdy and the public transportation vehicle's owners able to brief them inputs or advices refer to the reality that happens on the field since those both parties are the persons whom exactly knows it."