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"A cephalometric survey on people of Tengger, Blitar, Kudus and Cililin people has been performed, with the aims to check their hetero/homogeneities, their affinities to mongoloid or austromelanesoid cephalometric characters, their relationship with deutero or protomalayid ancestors and their tendencies toward the presence of cephalometric characteristic polarization. The parameters measured were one stature factor, two neurocranial factor and ten splanchnocranial factors. The survey was cross sectional and on average 50 perople of each gender were sampled in all groups. The measurements were done in accordance with Martin Saller method. Age of the samples was between 18-25 years. Significant correlation of means of different groups was obtained with 'student t test', with 1% level of confidence. A significant difference was found in the head length and among the cephalic indices between Tengger people and the other groups. The cephalometric characteristics of Tengger people turned out to be closer to protomalayid than to deuteromalayid people, while the cephalometric characteristics of the other groups were closer to mongoloid than the austromelanesoid. They were homogenous without tendency of west-east polarization."

"In 2000 a cephalometric survey has been done on both genders of Javanese, Bataks and Chinese students at the University of Indonesia (UI), the Indonesian Christian University (UKI) and the Christian University of Jakarta (UKRIDA) with the aim to detect their cephalometric characteristics patterns and the degree of their secular changes with their ancestors. Cephalometric parameters were measured as follows: the maximal head length (glabellaopisthocranion), the maximal head breadth (euryon-euryon), the minimal forehead breadth (frontotemporalefrontotemporale), the morphological facial height (suborbitale-gnathion), the bizygomatic breadth (zygion-zygion) and the bi-gonion breadth (gonion gonion). In addition measurements were done on facial soft tissue factors such as the nasal height (suborbitale-subnasale) the nasal breadth (alare-alare), the ear length (superaurale-subaurale) and the ear breadth (preaurale-postaurale). The results were treated statistically using t test to obtain the degree of significance. It was determined that some cephalometric characteristics have undergone secular changes but both genders of Bataks, Javanese and Chinese students seemed to depict their retainment of their respective ancestors cephalometric characteristics, consequently their cephalometric characteristic differences were still detectable."

"A study of a new parameter of human growth and development was conducted. The percentage of the height of body gravity center to the stature in supine position was measured in males and females during the period of pre-puberty (l995), young and adult puberties (1995 and 1997) and male adults (1995). The parameters measured were weight, stature and the height of the gravity center. Data were calculated in obtaining arithmetic means, standard deviations of all parameters and the percentage of gravity point height to stature. The percentages of male and female means, as well as standard deviations, were compared statistically. It was shown that in the pre-puberty group the location of the gravity center to stature was the same in percentage in males compared to females, whereas in the adult group (1987, 1995) a higher percentage was found in males. Among males (1995) differences were found in the percentages, which might have been caused by differences of body typology; the mesomorphic type showed the highest percentage, the endomorphic type showed the lowest, whereas the ectomorphic type it was in between."