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"Biofilm merupakan struktur yang dibentuk oleh komunitas mikroorganisme yang saling terikat dan terfiksasi dengan melekat pada suatu permukaan dalam matriks polimer ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganime tersebut. Pembentukan biofilm dilaporkan cukup tinggi pada kanul trakeostomi dan berhubungan dengan inflamasi kronis, serta infeksi oleh mikroorganisme yang resisten terhadap antimikroba. Beberapa metode pemeriksaan deteksi biofilm telah diperkenalkan, termasuk diantaranya adalah metode microtiter plate assay (MPA), congo red agar (CRA), dan congo red agar modifikasi (CRA modifikasi). Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja diagnostik pemeriksaan deteksi biofilm bakterial metode CRA dan CRA modifikasi yang dianggap lebih sederhana dan mudah terhadap metode MPA yang dianggap sebagai baku emas. Deteksi biofilm bakterial metode MPA, CRA, dan CRA modifikasi pada penelitian ini dikerjakan pada 100 isolat bakteri yang diperoleh dari biakan spesimen swab kanul trakeostomi pasien dewasa Poliklinik Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Juni-Juli 2020. Pembentukan biofilm bakterial terdeteksi sebesar 25% berdasarkan metode MPA dengan bakteri penyusun terbanyak adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif (NPP), nilai prediksi negatif (NPN), dan akurasi metode CRA didapati sebesar 36%, 63%, 24%, 75%, 56%. Metode CRA modifikasi didapati tidak memiliki kinerja diagnostik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode CRA, yaitu dengan sensitivitas, spesifisitas, NPP, NPN, dan akurasi sebesar 52%, 35%, 21%, 68%, 39%. Kesesuaian hasil interobserver deteksi biofilm bakterial metode CRA dan CRA modifikasi didapati sangat kuat (Kappa 0,927, p = 0,035 untuk metode CRA dan Kappa = 0,856, p = 0,042 untuk metode CRA modifikasi).......Biofilm is a structured formed by a community of microorganisms that are bound to each other and fixated by adhering to a surface in the extracellular polymer matrix produced by these microorganisms. Biofilm formation has been reported high in tracheostomy cannule and related to chronic inflammation, as well as infection with antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. There are several biofilm detection methods, including Microtiter Plate Assay (MPA) Method, Congo Red Agar (CRA)iMethod, and modified Congo Red Agar (modified CRA) Method. This study is a diagnostic study with cross sectional design that aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of bacterial biofilm detection by CRA and modified CRA method, which are considered easier and simpler than MPA method, which is considered as the gold standard. Bacterial biofilm detection using CRA, modified CRA, and MPA method in this study was carried out on 100 bacterial isolates obtained from tracheostomy cannule swab cultures of adult patients at Otorhinolaryngology Outpatient Clinic Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in June-July 2020. Bacterial biofilm formation was detected by 25% based on MPA methods with the most bacterial constituent is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of CRA methods were 36%, 63%, 24%, 75%, 56%. Modified CRA method did not have a better diagnostic performance than CRA method, with sensitivity, specificity, NPP, NPN, and accuracy were 52%, 35%, 21%, 68%, 39%. The concordance of interobserver bacterial biofilm detection using the CRA and modified CRA methods was found to be very strong (Kappa 0.927, p = 0.035 for the CRA method and Kappa = 0.856, p = 0.042 for the modified CRA method)"

"Status gizi seseorang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Salah satunya adalah asupan nutrien, baik makronutrien dan mikronutrien. Dalam penelitian ini, saya ingin mengetahui bagaimana tingkat status gizi dan hubungannya dengan asupan kalsium harian pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan Kampung Kids. Penelitian ini menggunakaan desain cross sectional analitik. Data diambil pada 18 Oktober 2009 dengan jumlah repsonden sebesar 73 responden. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tingkat asupan kalsium harian pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan Kampung Kids yang tergolong kurang sebanyak 64 responden (87,67%), normal sebanyak 8 responden (10,96%) dan tergolong lebih 1 orang (1,37%). Berdasarkan tingkat status gizi, sebanyak 35 responden (47,9%) memiliki status BB/U kurang, sebanyak 37 responden (50,7%) memiliki status BB/U baik dan sebanyak 1 responden (1,4%) memiliki status BB/U yang tergolong lebih. Sedangkan berdasarkan indikator TB/U, sebanyak 21 responden (28,8%) memiliki status TB/U kurang dan sebanyak 52 responden (71,2%) memiliki status TB/U baik. Berdasarakan BMI (BB/TB), sebanyak 27 responden (37%) memiliki status BMI kurang dan sebanyak 46 responden (63%) memiliki status BMI yang tergolong baik. Dengan menggunakan uji two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test dan uji Fisher?s Exact Test, didapatkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi berdasarkan BB/U (p=1,000), TB/U (p=1,000), dan BB/TB (p=1,000) dengan tingkat asupan kalsium harian. ......The nutritional status is influenced by many factors, such as the balanced intake of macronutrient and micronutrient. In this study, I would like to do research about the nutritional status level and its association with the calcium daily intake level at school aged children at Yayasan Kampung Kids. The design of this study was analytical cross sectional. This study was held on 18th October 2009 and involving about 73 respondent. The result showed that the number of students with low calcium daily intake level were 64 people (87,67%), with normal calcium daily intake level were 8 people (10,96%), and with high calcium daily intake level only 1 people (1,37%). According to the level of nutritional status (weight for age), children in Kampung Kids, there were 35 people (47,9%) categorized underweight, there were 37 people (50,7%) in normal range, and there was 1 people (1,4%) categorized overweight. In addition, according to the height for age status, there were 21 people (28,8%) categorized short stature but most of them ( 71,2%) were in normal range and for weight for height status (BMI), most of them also were in normal range (63%) and the less were categorized into underweight (37%). The data retrieved and then processed by using Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Fisher?s Exact Test, which gave result that weren?t have significant correlation between nutritional status indicators (weight for age, p= 1,000), height for age (p=1,000), and weight for height (p=1,000) and the calcium daily intake level among school aged children at Yayasan Kampung Kids."