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"Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara bising yang disebabkan oleh pesawat terbang dengan tekanan darah. Metode: Penelitian nested case-control dilakukan pada penerbang Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia yang melakukan pemeriksaan fisik tahunan di Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Ruang Angkasa (LAKESPRA) Saryanto tahun 2003 ? 2008. Data yang diperoleh dari rekam medis berupa umur, jumlah jam terbang, jenis pesawat, kadar glukosa puasa dan kadar kholesterol darah, lingkaran pinggang, tinggi dan berat badan (Indeks Massa Tubuh), serta tekanan darah. Hasil: Dari 549 penerbang, ada 49 yang hipertensif, dengan tekanan sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan/atau tekanan diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. Penerbang pesawat helikopter mempunyai risiko menderita hipertensi hampir 2 kali dibandingkan penerbang pesawat terbang biasa. Penerbang dengan jumlah jam terbang lebih dari 1400 jam mempunyai risiko menderita hipertensi lebih 2 kali dibandingkan penerbang dengan jumlah jam terbang ≤ 1400 jam. Kesimpulan: Jenis pesawat terbang, yang berkaitan dengan jenis bising yang terbangkit, mungkin merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi pada penerbang. Peningkatan jumlah jam terbang meningkatkan risiko hipertensi

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Background: To investigate the association between aircraft noise and blood pressure. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted on Indonesian Air Force pilots doing annual medical check-ups at the Saryanto Institute for Aviation and Aerospace Health (LAKESPRA) from 2003 ? 2008. The data extracted from medical records were age, total flight hours, type of aircraft, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels, waist circumference, height and weight (Body Mass Index), and blood pressure. Results: There were 549 pilots, 49 were found to be hypertensive, with SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. Helicopters pilots were at an almost 2 fold risk of hypertension compared to pilots of the fixed wing aircrafts. Pilots with more than 1400 hours of flight had more than 2 fold risk of being hypertensive compared to those with 1400 flight hours or less. Conclusion: The type of aircraft, which is related to the noise generated, may be a risk factor for developing hypertension in pilots. Increased total flight hours also increased the risk of hypertension."

"Tujuan Untuk menganalisis apakah bising pesawat terbang denyut nadi istirahat, dan faktor lain berperan meningkatkan risiko kejadian tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) pada penerbang TNI AU.Metode Desain penelitian nested case-control. Data berasal dari rekam medis hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala dan indoktrinasi latihan aerofi siologi di LAKESPRA Saryanto di Jakarta antara Januari 2003 ? September 2008. Kelompok kasus ialah subjek dengan TDD ≥90 mmHg; kelompok kontrol adalah dengan TDD ≤89 mmHg. Setiap kasus dipadankan dengan 12 kontrol.Hasil Di antara 567 penerbang, 544 (95,9%) mempunyai rekam medis yang lengkap, dan diperoleh 40 kasus dan 480 kontrol. Penerbang yang biasa terpajan bising dalam pesawat 90-95 dB dibandingkan 70-80 dB mempunyai risiko 2,7 kali menderita TDD tinggi [rasio odds (ORa) = 2,70; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1,05-6,97]. Penerbang dengan frekuensi nadi istirahat ≥ 81/menit dibandingkan ≤ 80/minute mempunyai risiko 2,7 kali TDD tinggi (ORa = 2,66; 95% CI = 1,26- 5,61). Ditinjau dari segi total jam terbang, penerbang dengan total jam terbang 1401-11125 jam dibandingkan 147-1400 jam mempuyai risiko 3,2 kali menderita TDD tinggi (ORa = 3,18; 95% CI = 1,01-10,03).Kesimpulan Intensitas bising dalam pesawat yang tinggi, frekuensi nadi istirahat yang tinggi, jumlah jam terbang total yang tinggi meningkatkan risiko TDD tinggi. Pemeriksaan mawas diri frekuensi nadi istirahat oleh penerbang dapat dipakai untuk pengendalian TDD tinggi.

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Aim To analyze the effects of aircraft noise, resting pulse rate, and other factors on the risk of high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Indonesian Air Force pilots.

Methods A nested case-control study was conducted using data extracted from annual medical check-ups indoctrination aerophysiologic training records at the Saryanto Aviation and Aerospace Health Institute (LAKESPRA) in Jakarta from January 2003 ? September 2008. For analysis of DBP: the case group with DBP = 90 mmHg were compared with contral group with DBP < 79 mmHG. One case matched to 12 controls.

Results Out of 567 pilots, 544 (95.9%) had complete medical records. For this analysis there were 40 cases of high DBP and 480 controls for DBP. Pilots exposed to aircraft noise 90-95 dB rather than 70-80 dB had a 2.7-fold increase for high DBP [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.70; 95% confi dence interval (CI ) = 1.05-6.97]. Pilots with resting pulse rates of = 81/minute rather than = 80/minute had a 2.7-fold increase for high DBP (ORa = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.26-5.61). In terms of total fl ight hours, pilots who had 1401-11125 hours rather than 147-1400 hours had a 3.2-fold increase for high DBP (ORa = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.01-10.03).

Conclusion High interior aircraft noise, high total fl ight hours, and high resting pulse rate, increased risk for high DBP. Self assessment of resting pulse rate can be used to control the risk of high DBP."

"[ABSTRAK Berbagai macam panduan rekonstruksi mandibula telah dikembangkan untuk mengurangi angka komplikasi Golden standard panduan rekonstruksi mandibula saat ini adalah pemeriksaan radiologi 3 dimensi yang memberikan ukuran sesuai dengan ukuran aslinya namun proyeksi submentovertex memiliki kelebihan berupa efektifitas dalam menampilkan keseluruhan struktur kraniomaksilofasial dalam satu film sehingga menjadi lebih singkat pengerjaannya dan ekonomis Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat reliabilitas ronsen submentovertex dengan membandingkan hasil pengukuran menggunakan kaliper mitutuyo langsung pada tulang mandibula dengan hasil pengukuran mandibula menggunakan PACS pada ronsen submentovertex Material dan metodePenelitian ini menggunakan 50 tulang mandibula yang dipasangkan dengan tulang kranium dan tulang kalvaria Penanda logam bentuk bulat diameter 1mm dipasang pada titik Pogonion Gonion kiri dan kanan Lateral Procesus Condylaris kiri dan kanan Parameter yang diukur adalah jarak titik Gonion kiri ke Gonion kanan jarak titik Lateral Procesus Condylaris kiri ke Lateral Procesus Condylaris kiri besar sudut yang dibentuk oleh titik Gonion kanan Pogonion Gonion kiri dan besar sudut yang dibentuk oleh titik Lateral Procesus Condylaris kiri Pogonion Lateral Procesus Condylaris kanan Tulang tengkorak kemudian dironsen submentovertex Pengukuran manual dilakukan menggunakan kaliper mitutuyo langsung pada tulang mandibula sedangkan pengukuran ronsen Submentovertex menggunakan program Picture Archiving Computerised System Pengukuran dilakukan tiga kali dengan jarak waktu pengukuran 24 jam oleh satu orang Hasil pengukuran manual dan submentovertex kemudian dibandingkan dengan menggunakan uji statistik t berpasangan dengan tingkat ketelitian 95 p0 05 yang berarti hasil pengukuran manual dan submentovertex berbeda bermakna Kesimpulan Ukuran tulang mandibula hasil pengukuran menggunakan kaliper dengan Submentovertex berbeda bermakna Hasil pengukuran angular dan linear pada submentovertex lebih besar daripada hasil pengukuran manual pada tulang mandibula ABSTRACT IntroductionAblative tumor surgery cause discontinuity of the mandible Various guidances had been introduced in mandible reconstruction to reduce complication rate Three dimensional computed assisted is the golden standard Plain radiology such as submentovertex has some advantages cost efective and low radiation dose Every guidance must be reliable Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the reliabity of submentovertex image compared to golden standard of direct mandible measurement using caliper Material and MethodThe sample of this study were 50 dried human mandibles paired with os calvaria and os cranium 1mm diameter of metal marker were placed in Pogonion left and right Gonion right and left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Linear measurements were left Gonion ndash right Gonion right Lateral Procesus Condylaris ndash left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Angular measurements were right Gonion ndash Pogonion ndash left Gonion and right Lateral Procesus Condylaris ndash Pogonion ndash left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Direct measurement on the mandible was done by using caliper Mitutuyo and Picture Archiving Computerised System for measuring the mandible on submentovertex image One observer measured the mandible three times 24 hours range of time for each measurements The result between direct measurement and submentovertex image were compared and tested using paired t test p0 05 Conclusion There were significant difference on both angular and linear measurement of the mandible between direct caliper measurement and Picture Archiving Computerised System for Submentovertex image ;IntroductionAblative tumor surgery cause discontinuity of the mandible Various guidances had been introduced in mandible reconstruction to reduce complication rate Three dimensional computed assisted is the golden standard Plain radiology such as submentovertex has some advantages cost efective and low radiation dose Every guidance must be reliable Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the reliabity of submentovertex image compared to golden standard of direct mandible measurement using caliper Material and MethodThe sample of this study were 50 dried human mandibles paired with os calvaria and os cranium 1mm diameter of metal marker were placed in Pogonion left and right Gonion right and left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Linear measurements were left Gonion ndash right Gonion right Lateral Procesus Condylaris ndash left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Angular measurements were right Gonion ndash Pogonion ndash left Gonion and right Lateral Procesus Condylaris ndash Pogonion ndash left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Direct measurement on the mandible was done by using caliper Mitutuyo and Picture Archiving Computerised System for measuring the mandible on submentovertex image One observer measured the mandible three times 24 hours range of time for each measurements The result between direct measurement and submentovertex image were compared and tested using paired t test p0 05 Conclusion There were significant difference on both angular and linear measurement of the mandible between direct caliper measurement and Picture Archiving Computerised System for Submentovertex image , IntroductionAblative tumor surgery cause discontinuity of the mandible Various guidances had been introduced in mandible reconstruction to reduce complication rate Three dimensional computed assisted is the golden standard Plain radiology such as submentovertex has some advantages cost efective and low radiation dose Every guidance must be reliable Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the reliabity of submentovertex image compared to golden standard of direct mandible measurement using caliper Material and MethodThe sample of this study were 50 dried human mandibles paired with os calvaria and os cranium 1mm diameter of metal marker were placed in Pogonion left and right Gonion right and left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Linear measurements were left Gonion ndash right Gonion right Lateral Procesus Condylaris ndash left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Angular measurements were right Gonion ndash Pogonion ndash left Gonion and right Lateral Procesus Condylaris ndash Pogonion ndash left Lateral Procesus Condylaris Direct measurement on the mandible was done by using caliper Mitutuyo and Picture Archiving Computerised System for measuring the mandible on submentovertex image One observer measured the mandible three times 24 hours range of time for each measurements The result between direct measurement and submentovertex image were compared and tested using paired t test p0 05 Conclusion There were significant difference on both angular and linear measurement of the mandible between direct caliper measurement and Picture Archiving Computerised System for Submentovertex image ]"