Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mempelajari apakah terdapat diskresi dalam berbagai kasus korupsi yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Daerah yang ditangani oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi KPK pada periode 2004-2010 dan diindikasikan memiliki keterkaitan dengan diskresi. Penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui apa yang menjadi penyebab tindak pidana korupsi oleh Kepala Daerah serta upaya atau solusi yang dapat dilakukan agar Kepala Daerah tidak terjerat tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus terhadap 5 lima kasus tindak pidana korupsi oleh Kepala Daerah yang ditangani oleh KPK dan merupakan kasus yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap inkracht. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat diskresi dalam berbagai kasus korupsi yang dilakukan oleh para Kepala Daerah yang menjadi studi kasus. Para Kepala Daerah tersebut terbukti melakukan tindakan yang melanggar berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama ataupun dibantu oleh pihak lain, serta dilakukan untuk memberikan keuntungan pribadi dan bukan untuk kepentingan umum. Apa yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Daerah merupakan tindakan penyalahgunaan wewenang karena melampaui kewenangan yang diberikan. Tindakan korupsi yang dilakukan berupa tindakan yang merugikan keuangan negara ataupun tindakan suap menyuap. Terdapat sejumlah hal yang menyebabkan seorang Kepala Daerah melakukan korupsi, yaitu: 1 ketidaktahuan dari Kepala Daerah mengenai berbagai peraturan; 2 permasalahan pengawasan atau pengendalian baik internal maupun eksternal; 3 mahalnya biaya politik untuk menduduki jabatan Kepala Daerah; 4 permasalahan rendahnya integritas; serta 5 gaya hidup dari Kepala Daerah. Penelitian ini menyarankan sejumlah upaya atau solusi untuk mencegah agar Kepala Daerah di Indonesia tidak terjerat tindak pidana korupsi, yaitu: 1 Peningkatan kapasitas dari Kepala Daerah; 2 Perbaikan terhadap sistem pengawasan; 3 Upaya untuk mengurangi biaya politik; 4 Membangun budaya integritas Kepala Daerah; 5 Membangun akuntabilitas kebijakan; serta 6 Membangun budaya anti korupsi di masyarakat. ...... This study examines whether there is discretion in various corruption cases committed by the Head of Regions that handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission CEC in the period 2004 2010 and is indicated to be related to discretion. This study also wanted to know what the cause of corruption by the Head of Regions and efforts or solutions that can be done so that the Head of Regions is not entangled in corruption. This study uses a case study of five 5 cases of corruption by the Head of Regions handled by the CEC and that have permanent legal force inkracht. The results showed that there was no discretion in various cases of corruption committed by the Head of Regions who became the case study. The Head of Regionals are proven to have acted in violation of various laws and regulations, jointly or assisted by other parties, and carried out to provide personal benefit and not for the public interest. What is done by the Head of Region is an act of abuse of authority because it exceeds the authority granted. Acts of corruption committed in the form of actions that harm the state finances or bribery action. There are a number of things that cause corruption by the Head of Regions, namely 1 ignorance of the regulations 2 problems of supervision or control both internal and external 3 the high political cost for the post of the Head of Regions 4 The problem of lack of integrity and 5 the lifestyle of the Head of Regions. This study suggests a number of efforts or solutions to prevent the Head of Regions in Indonesia is not entangled in corruption, namely 1 Increasing the capacity of the Head of Regions 2 Improvements to the monitoring system 3 Measures to reduce the political costs 4 Building a culture of integrity of the Head of Regions 5 Building policy accountability and 6 Building a culture of anti corruption in society.

Abstrak :
Software Defined Networking (SDN) adalah perkembangan infastruktur jaringan yang mana bidang kontrol dan bidang data dipisah sehingga kecerdasan jaringan secara logis terpusat pada bidang kontrol berbasis perangkat lunak, sedangkan perangkat jaringan (OpenFlow Switches) menjadi perangkat penerusan paket atau bidang data yang dapat diprogram melalui interface (protokol OpenFlow). Namun pemisahan bidang kontrol dan bidang data menimbulkan berbagai tantangan salah satunya adalah tantangan keamanan. Tantangan keamanan yang besar di SDN adalah serangan Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). Terdapat beberapa titik serangan DDoS pada SDN. Jika DDoS menyerang bidang kontrol mengakibatkan kegagalan seluruh jaringan, sementara jika menyerang bidang data atau saluran komunikasi antara bidang kontrol dan bidang data mengakibatkan paket drop dan tidak tersedianya layanan SDN. Berbagai solusi keamanan untuk mengurangi dan mencegah serangan DDoS pada SDN sudah ditawarkan, salah satunya adalah dengan metode entropy. Metode entropy adalah konsep dari teori informasi, yang merupakan ukuran ketidakpastian atau keacakan yang terkait dengan variabel acak atau dalam hal ini paket yang datang melalui jaringan. Metode entropy adalah solusi yang efektif dan ringan dalam hal sumber daya yang digunakannya karena serangan DDoS dapat menghabiskan sumber daya pengontrol, bandwidth link dan sumber daya switch OpenFlow yang memiliki kapasitas yang terbatas maka solusi yang di usulkan pun harus ringan dan tidak menghabiskan sumber daya atau overhead pada sumber daya jaringan. Penelitian sistem deteksi dengan metode entropy saat ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, metode entropy masih menghasilkan nilai akurasi yang masih rendah dan false positive yang masih cukup tinggi hal ini dikarenakan fitur yang di hitung entropy-nya hanya menggunakan satu fitur dan dua fitur. Hal ini berpeluang untuk menyebabkan kesalahan deteksi, selain itu, belum ada nya pemilihan fitur mana yang paling berpengaruh terhadap serangan DDoS sehingga ketika memperhitungkan semua fitur metode deteksi akan memberatkan kerja kontroller. Maka perlu adanya pemilihan fitur dan perhitungan yang mempertimbangkan lebih dari satu fitur. Penelitian ini mengembangkan metode entropy dengan memperhitungkan tiga fitur serangan DdoS yang menjadi titik maksimal sesuai dengan karakteritik SDN dan DDoS. Ketiga fitur tersebut adalah source_IP, destination_IP dan source_MAC didapatkan akurasi deteksi DDoS dengan menggunakan pengembangan entropy sebesar 99.43%. Dengan False positive 0.08 % dan kecepatan deteksi sebesar 10.5s. ......Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a development of network infrastructure in which the control planes and data planes are placed separately so that network control intelligence is logically translated into software-based fields. In contrast, the network devices (OpenFlow Switches) become packet-forwarding devices or data fields that can be programmed through interfaces (OpenFlow protoco l). However, the conversion of control fields and field data cause various challenges for instance a security challenge. The big security challenge in SDN is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. There are multiple DDoS attack points on SDN for example If a DDoS attacks the control plane, it may cause failure of the entire network, while if it attacks the data plane or the communication channel between the control plane and the plane data it will result a dropped packets and SDN services will no longer available again. There are a bunch of security solutions have been offered to reduce and prevent DDoS attacks on SDN. One of them entropy method. This method derives from information theory, which is a the baseline of the uncertainty or randomness associated with random variables or in this case packets that may go through a network. The entropy method is an effective and friendly resource-usage solution. it's because when DDoS attacks the control plane, it required a lot of controller resources, link bandwidth and OpenFlow switch resources which have limited capacity. Hence, the proposed solution sould be resource friendly or overhead on network resources. Research on detection systems using the entropy method currently still has several weaknesses for example the entropy method still produces low accuracy values and a high-false positives since the calculated entropy features only use one and two features. This procedure will cause errors detection. In addition there is no selection of which features have the most influence on DDoS attacks, so when considering all the features the detection method, it will burden the controller's work. So, it is necessary to select features and calculations that consider more than one feature. This research develops the entropy method which engaged the three features of DDoS attacks that may become the maximum point according to the characteristics of SDN and DDoS. The three features inlcude source_IP, destination_IPand source-MAC, result the accuracy DDoS detection using an entropy expansion of 99.43% with a False positive of 0.08% and a detection speed of 10.5s

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) is a tool for improving the quality of new or modified government regulations. The absence of RIA can result in a regulation being unaccountable, non-transparent, or inconsistent. Moreover, the government will find it difficult to create policies that will benefit economic and social-welfare. In Indonesia's context, the use of RIA is just in the form of a pilot project and unsustainable both in the central and regional governments. Based on empirical research, this paper explored the existing conditions of RIA application by central and regional government in Indonesia. Moreover, this paper also analyzed the perception of the benefits and the challenges in utilizing it. The study found that RIA is still little and not optimally used in the preparation of various regulations in Indonesia both at the central and regional government levels although there are a number of benefits that would be obtained if it were used. This condition has arisen due to the lack of leader commitment, lack of apparatus knowledge of mindset and perception as well as limitations in budget, legal support, and socialization.

Abstrak :
Abstract. This article attempts to give the picture concerning the importance of public accountability and citizen participation as one of the instruments to eradicate bureaucratic corruption, seen from various theories. This paper provides equal and adequate understanding of the role of public accountability and citizen participation in the eradication process of corruption and the various efforts that can be done to strengthen it. The results of this literature review shows that the efforts taken to eradicate corruption in Indonesia is still partial and tend not to have a clear design strategy so that in many cases is not able to reduce signi cantly the level of corruption that occurred. Besides that, the important role of public accountability and citizen participation in the eradication of corruption has not received much attention as well as has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore we need further study of the various aspects of public accountability and citizen participation in the eradication of corruption in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The upstream Ciliwung river areas are now mostly occupied by critical lands due to deforestation and can also be the response to climate change. This condition leads to disasters at the downstream, including Jakarta. Lots of government programs have been conducted to control the critical land, but the results are not visible. The failure of rehabilitation programs are suspected to be caused by some factors, one of the most prominent is access to the area where the government does not wholly own the control of land rights. On the other hand, the function of protected areas should be maintained. A management model that has been successfully implemented is by "Hutan Organik or Organic Forest" in Megamendung. This model is community participation with private forestry, whereas the main purpose is to recover the function of the area. By using desk study, a survey of an existing condition and in-depth interview, this paper has a purpose of studying the private forestry policy model for critical land rehabilitation in the upstream of the Ciliwung river. Organic forestry program shows the success of community participation in land rehabilitation and can