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"Di dalam disertasi ini, penulis tertarik untuk memahami bagaimana historisitas mempengaruhi bagaimana berbagai kelompok sosial yang ada dalam satu masyarakat dengan cara yang berbeda-beda memahami berbagai peristiwa dan tindakan yang terjadi di dalam sejarah mereka, dan sekaligus berupaya mengerti bagaimana pemahaman tersebut mempengaruhi mereka dalam mengkonstruksikan kekuasaan yang ada di dalam kehidupan sosial mereka sehari-hari.Di dalam penelitian terhadap kelompok-kelompok yang ada di pulau Buton, penulis memperlakukan sara sebagai satu bentuk dari historisitas. Esensi dari sara pada dasarnya dipresentasikan di dalam diri sultan. Dengan demikian, sara sangat berkaitan dengan pemahaman akan kekuasaan. Bagi komunitas Wolio yang merupakan kelompok bangsawan di dalam struktur sosial masyarakat di sana, maka sara bisa berfungsi sebagai akumulasi kearifan yang komunitas Wolio ini petik dari sejarahnya. Dan sebagai akumulasi kearifan, yang bermanfaat bagi keberlangsungan hidup mereka, maka sara mentransformasikan dirinya sebagai satu institusi yang penting.Sara, melalui pengejawantahannya sebagai kesultanan, menginkorporasikan berbagai sumber daya dan unsur kebudayaan masyarakat lain di sekeliling mereka, seperti institusi, struktur, gagasan konsepsual dan bahkan sumber daya manusia. Sultan, dengan demikian, melingkupi ke dalam dirinya dan kesultanannya segala potensi yang ada. Berdasarkan hakekat sara dan sultan serupa itu, maka dapat dipahami apabila kekuasaan kemudian dikonsepsualisasikan lebih sebagai satu proses akumulasi/pertambahan ketimbang satu proses pergantian/penaklukan. Oleh karena karakter melingkupinya semacam itu, maka sara bisa berperan sebagai satu ideologi yang sedikit banyaknya bersifat hegemonik, walaupun sebagai sesuatu yang berlangsung dan terbentuk melalui proses-proses historis dan kultural tertentu, pemaknaan dan kekuatan dominan sara selalu saja mendapatkan perlawanan dan membuatnya tidak pernah bersifat mutlak.In this research project I am interested in understanding the relationship between historicity and the conception of power in the region of the former sultanate of Wolio. To put it in a more precise way, I seek to understand the multiple ways in which people in the region represent their past, and try to see how an understanding of history can be seen as a source of moral choices which guide social action. Historical and anthropological researches (i.e., participant observation and fieldwork) occupy central methods in my attempt to understand this dialectical relationship between action and history.

The subject of my study will be peoples in the region of the former sultanate of Wolio. In my research project among these peoples on the island of Buton, I treat an indispensable institution called sara as a form of historicity. The essence of sara is represented in Sultan. Sara is therefore closely related to their notion of power. For Wolio community, which constitutes the aristocratic group in the existing social structure on the island, sara is an accumulated wisdoms and lessons that this community learn from their history.

Sara, in its essential embodiment as sultanate, incorporated into itself all other peoples? cultural elements and resourses, such as structures, institutions, conceptual ideas, and even human resources. Sultan was someone who encompassed all the potentials in the region within himself and his kingdom. Based on the nature of sara and sultan as such, it is understandable if power and its legitimacy are conceived more as a process of accumulation rather then as a process of substitution or usurpation. For its? encompassing character, sara may serve, more or less, as a hegemonic ideology in the realm of this sultanate. However, because sara is occurred and formed through cultural and historical processes, its dominant meanings and power are always contested, never totalizing, and always unstable, even when they encourage degrees of subordinate peoples? consent to particular forms of oppression."

"ABSTRACTIn discussions on exchange, money is often seen as a medium of exchange and a universal equivalent in the circulation of commodities, as well as an object in gift exchange. Yet, in the case of the management of copra that we researched on the island of Seram, money becomes a factor in shaping a dynamic of gift continuity and transformation in the realm of the copra economy (in this context of masohi custom). It is money that promotes both the use and erosion of masohi custom. Masohi is a tradition of community work on the island of Seram and is based on non-capitalist social relations and the principal of reciprocal exchange. This article seeks to describe how money,originally a capitalist medium, serves to simultaneously preserve and transform masohi custom, which, at its essence, is a non-capitalist institution."

"This article attempts to explain the basic nature of social structure of the Sultanate of Wolio which is divided into four categories, namely Kaomu, Walaka, Papara and Batua. The analysis itself is based on local manuscripts and fieldwork in the Sultanate of Wolio in the course of several years. Through the study of Wolio social structure, the writer also attempts to comprehend the ideology of power in Wolio society. In addition, the discussion shows as well the misinterpretation of the basic nature of Wolio social structure and ideology of power done by several Dutch scholars since 1878"