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"Pemerintah Republik Indonesia memiliki yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap warga negaranya yang menjadi korban perdagangan orang transnasional yang berada di wilayah teritorial negara lain melalui perwakilannya di luar negeri. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 dan Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963 memberikan batasan terhadap yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial yang dimiliki oleh Republik Indonesia dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap warga negaranya yang berada di luar negeri. Pemberian perlindungan terhadap warga negara yang menjadi korban perdagangan orang transnasional secara khusus diatur di dalam United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime mutatis mutandis Protocol to Suppress, Prevent, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. Peran Pemerintah RI memberikan perlindungan terhadap WNI melalui perwakilannya di wilayah territorial negara lain diwujudkan dengan membentuk Direktorat Perlindungan Warga Negara Indonesia dan Badan Hukum Indonesia sebagai badan koordinasi dan pembentuk kebijakan utama dalam memberikan perlindungan oleh Para Pejabat Perwakilan RI.

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The Government of the Republic of Indonesia have extraterritorial jurisdiction to give protection to its national who are victims of transnational trafficking in persons residing in the territory of another country through its representatives abroad. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in 1963 provide limits on extraterritorial jurisdiction that is owned by the Republic of Indonesia in providing protection to its national residing abroad. Giving protection to national who are victims of transnational trafficking in persons specifically regulated in the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime Protocol mutatis mutandis to Suppress, Prevent, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. Role of the Government of Indonesia to provide protection to its national through their representatives on the territory of another state is realized by establishing a Direktorat Perlindungan Warga Negara Indonesia dan Badan Hukum Indonesia (Directorate of Protection of Indonesian Citizens and Legal Entities) as a coordinating body and forming the main policy provides protection by The Member of The Mission of Republic of Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak program bantuan sosial lansia khususnya program keluarga harapan (PKH) dan bantuan pangan non tunai (BPNT) terhadap kesejahteraan dengan proxy pengeluaran kesehatan lansia di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data Susenas Maret tahun 2020 dengan menggunakan metode ordinary least square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diantara kedua skema bantuan sosial bagi lansia, PKH memiliki pengaruh signifikan yang lebih besar dibanding BPNT. Peneliti juga melakukan uji robustness guna melihat pengaruh kedua program pada karakter wilayah dan individu. PKH memiliki nilai signifikan di daerah luar jawa sedangkan BPNT memiliki nilai signifikan di daerah jawa. Dari hasil uji karakter individu didapatkan hasil bahwa PKH berpengaruh signifikan pada lansia dengan pendapatan di bawah garis kemiskinan, dengan demikian program tersebut sudah tepat sasaran. Pemerintah perlu mengoptimalkan cakupan dan meningkatkan manfaat PKH dan BPNT melalui pemetaan karakteristik wilayah serta karakter individu melalui optimalisasi interopabilitas antar data.

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This study aims to examine the impact of elderly social assistance programs, specifically the Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan-PKH) and the Non-Cash Food Assistance (Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai-BPNT), on well-being using the proxy of elderly health expenditures in Indonesia. The data used is from the March 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and analyzed using the ordinary least squares method. The results of this research show that among the two social assistance schemes for the elderly, PKH has a significantly greater influence compared to BPNT. The researchers also conducted robustness tests to observe the effects of both programs on regional and individual characteristics. PKH shows significant value in areas outside Java, while BPNT shows significant value in the Java region. From the results of the individual characteristics test, it is concluded that PKH significantly impacts the elderly with incomes below the poverty line, thus indicating that the program is effectively targeted. The government needs to optimize the coverage and enhance the benefits of PKH and BPNT by mapping the characteristics of regions and individuals through the optimization of data interoperability."