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Abstrak :
The low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small battery powered devices called sensors, with limited energy capacity. Once deployed, accessibility to any sensor node for maintenance and battery replacement is not feasible due to the spatial scattering of the nodes. This will lead to an unreliable, limited lifetime and a poor connectivity network. In this paper a novel bio-inspired cluster-based deployment algorithm is proposed for energy optimization of the WSN and ultimately to improve the network lifetime. In the cluster initialization phase, a single cluster is formed with a single cluster head at the center of the sensing terrain. The second phase is for optimum cluster formation surrounding the inner cluster, based on swarming bees and a piping technique. Each cluster member distributes its data to its corresponding cluster head and the cluster head communicates with the base station, which reduces the communication distance of each node. The simulation results show that, when compared with other clustering algorithms, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the number of clusters by 38% and improve the network lifetime by a factor of 1/4.

Abstrak :
The demand for a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has increased enormously because of its great ability to supervise the outside world as well as due to its vast range of applications. Since these sensor nodes depend greatly on battery power and being deployed in adverse environments, substituting the battery is a tiresome job. Cluster-based routing techniques are prominent methods to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this research, the work on energy efficient clustering approach is considered in two phases. During the cluster head selection phase, cluster heads are chosen which can stabilize the power consumption in sensor networks, by considering both the residual energy and distance of node with respect to sink. Later, during the cluster formation phase, a non-cluster head node will choose a cluster head that lies in close proximity with the center point between the sensor nodes and sink. Also, these non-cluster head nodes should be within the transmission range of the cluster head, as selected by the above method. Initially, the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) which is an eminent protocol for sensor networks is investigated. Furthermore, the same LEACH protocol is enhanced by proposing an effective cluster head election scheme as well as a new cluster formation scheme as mentioned above. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional LEACH protocol in prolonging network lifetime.

Abstrak :
The low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small battery powered devices called sensors, with limited energy capacity. Once deployed, accessibility to any sensor node for maintenance and battery replacement is not feasible due to the spatial scattering of the nodes. This will lead to an unreliable, limited lifetime and a poor connectivity network. In this paper a novel bio-inspired cluster-based deployment algorithm is proposed for energy optimization of the WSN and ultimately to improve the network lifetime. In the cluster initialization phase, a single cluster is formed with a single cluster head at the center of the sensing terrain. The second phase is for optimum cluster formation surrounding the inner cluster, based on swarming bees and a piping technique. Each cluster member distributes its data to its corresponding cluster head and the cluster head communicates with the base station, which reduces the communication distance of each node. The simulation results show that, when compared with other clustering algorithms, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the number of clusters by 38% and improve the network lifetime by a factor of 1/4.