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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Oil pollution is often occurs in Indonesian marine waters and it has a significant impact on ecological and economical aspects. Physical and chemical approaches are common to be used to combat this pollution. Bioremediation is a promising method using biological approach that not been used yet for oil spill cleanup in Indonesian coastal environment. The success stories were reported mostly from sub tropic region. This technique is potential to be used in Indonesia due to tropical climates and enormous microbial resources in Indonesian marine waters. However, intensive research and field tests are still needed to develop an appropriate method for application in Indonesia. One of bioremediation technique limitations is the suitability for each polluted sites. This paper will discuss about the application and the effectivity of bioremediation technique in other countries and research development of this technique for coastal environment in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Bioremediation, involving biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation, is a promising method to overcome oil spills in Cilacap coastal waters. Cilacap coastal area has high risk on oil pollution. This study investigated the stimulatory effect of nitrogen concentration, bacterial density and the composition of bacterial culture in enhancing oil degradation in this area. The applications of 4 different concentrations of Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) and 2 different densities of bacterial cells in the form of single (RCO/B/08_008) and mixed culture were employed in microcosm experiments for 28 days. The efficacy of combining bacterial culture and fertilizer application in various concentrations was also tested. Oil degradation, bacterial growth and environmental parameters were monitored periodically during the experiments. The results showed that oil degradation rate was more influenced by nutrient concentration (biostimulation) than bacterial number or culture composition (bioaugmentation) added. The efficacy of biostimulation in degrading oil was better than that of bioaugmentation. Biostimulation increased oil degradation up to 6.4 times higher than the control. The optimum of fertilizer concentration added was 7.5 mg N/g (C:N ratio of 1,000:75), which increased depletion rate both in biostimulation-only and the combination of biostimulation with bioaugmentation up to 6.4 and 7.5 times higher than the control, respectively. It is suggested that bioremediation of oil-contaminated sandy beach in Cilacap would be optimal by employing a combination of Slow Release Fertilizer at concentration having C/N ratio = 1,000 : 75 and RCO/B/08_008 culture at density of 0.5 x 108 cells/mL (100% homology with Alcanivorax sp. TE-9).