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"Dalam upaya mengeliminasi filariasis limfatik, WHO mencanangkan GPELF (Global Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis) yaitu pengobatan massal menggunakan kombinasi obat DEC- Albendazol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keberhasilan pengobatan massal tersebut dengan menilai prevalensi antigen W. bancrofti pada anak SD di daerah endemis yaitu Kabupaten Alor, NTT setelah menjalani enam tahun program. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi Mf < 1%, mengindikasikan keberhasilan program ini. Dari uji statistik menggunakan Fisher test, prevalensi antigen W. bancrofti tidak berkorelasi dengan persebaran kelompok umur (p=0,872), jenis kelamin (p=0,687), maupun letak kecamatan asal (p=0,061). Penelitian ini juga membandingkan dua pemeriksaan yaitu mikroskopis (gold standard) dan ICT. Uji diagnostik menunjukkan ICT mempunyai sensitivitas 0% dan spesifitas 99,54%, mengindikasikan ICT masih perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Namun, ICT lebih praktis digunakan, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk screening apabila pemeriksaan mikroskopis tidak tersedia.

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GPELF (Global Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis) is a mass drug administration program by WHO using the combination of DECAlbendazole to eliminate lymphatic filariasis around the globe, including Indonesia as one of the endemic countries. As a global-scale program which demands great amount of money, GPELF needs to be evaluated consistently. Thus, this study is designed to evaluate the program by measuring the prevalence of W. bancrofti antigen in elementary students living in Kabupaten Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Alor is one of the endemic regions in Indonesia that had been joining the program for six years from 2002 to 2007. The result shows that Mf rate below 1% indicates the program has been succesful in eliminating lymphatic filariasis. This study also analyzes the correlation between the prevalence of W. bancrofti antigen with age group, sex, and district. Fisher test shows that there is no correlation between the prevalence of W. bancrofti with age group (p=0,872), sex (p=0,687), and district (p=0,061). This study also tries to determine whether ICT can be used as the only diagnostic test in endemic areas by analyzing its result compared with microscopic examination result. It shows that ICT has very low sensitivity but very high specifity compared to the gold standard. Moreover, ICT has practical advantages over microscopic examination so that this serology test can be considered to be used when microscopic examination is not available."

"Latar Belakang: Infeksi COVID-19 merupakan penyakit dengan komplikasi multi-organ, salah satunya komplikasi kardiovaskular. Dengan kejadian gagal jantung akut sebagai komplikasi COVID-19 dengan mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi, perlu dilakukan identifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya gagal jantung akut pada pasien COVID-19, khususnya pada derajat sedang – berat.Tujuan : Mengetahui prediktor gagal jantung akut pada pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat, khususnya derajat sedang – beratMetode : Metode penelitian bersifat kohort retrospektif. Luaran primer adalah kejadian gagal jantung akut saat perawatan. Terdapat 15 faktor klinis dan laboratoris yang dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil: Dari total 208 subjek sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, sebanyak 73 subjek (35%) mengalami episode gagal jantung akut saat perawatan. Riwayat gagal jantung kronik memiliki risiko 5,39 kali (95% IK: 1,76 – 16,51; p = 0,003) mengalami kejadian gagal jantung akut. Pasien dengan nilai TAPSE < 17 mm memiliki risiko 4,25 kali (95% IK: 1,13 – 16,07; p= 0,033) mengalami gagal jantung akut. Sedangkan pemakaian ACE-i/ARB memiliki risiko 0,16 kali (95% IK: 0,05 – 0,51; p = 0,002) untuk mengalami gagal jantung akut intraperawatan dibandingkan kelompok tanpa pemakaian ACE-i/ARB.Kesimpulan: Riwayat gagal jantung kronik, TAPSE < 17 mm, dan pemakaian ACE-i/ARB diidentifikasi sebagai prediktor kejadian gagal jantung akut pada pasien COVID-19.

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Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a disease with multi-organ complications, including cardiovascular organ. As heart failure is one of COVID – 19 complications that has high morbidity and mortality, we need to identify factors that can predict acute heart failure in COVID – 19, especially in moderate to severe patients.

Objective : to determine predictors of acute heart failure in hospitalized COVID -19 patients

Method : This was a retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was acute heart failure that happened during hospitalization. There were total of 16 clinical (age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, non-cardiogenic shock at admission, use of ACE-inhibitors/ARBs during hospitalization, ejection fraction, TAPSE) as well as 6 laboratory parameters (neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio, platelet - lymphocyte ratio, eGFR, D-Dimer, procalcitonin, CRP) that were used in statistical analysis.

Result: From total of 208 subjects with moderate – severe COVID-19, 73 (35%) had acute heart failure. The median time of developing heart failure is 4 ( 1 - 27) days. On multivariate analysis, patients with history of chronic heart failure exhibited a 5.39-fold higher risk of acute heart failure compared with no history of chronic heart failure (95% CI: 1.76 – 16.51; p = 0.003). The risk of acute heart failure was multiplied by 4.25 in patients that was presented with TAPSE <17 mm (95% CI: 1.13 – 16.07; p= 0.033). In contrast, use/continuation of ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers during hospitalization showed reduced risk of acute heart failure (16% of the risk developing acute heart failure compared with patients with no use of ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers). In subjects developing acute heart failure, the mortality rate was 67%, compared with 57% in subjects without acute heart failure (p = 0,028).

Conclusion: History of chronic heart failure, TAPSE <17 mm, and the use of ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers were identified as predictors of acute heart failure in hospitalized COVID-19 patients."