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"Menurut Kahneman dan Tversky dalam Prospect Theory (1979), manusia menempatkan nilai yang lebih besar untuk menghindari kerugian daripada menerima keuntungan. Ada dua message framing yang digunakan sebagai alat promosi dalam pemasaran: loss-framed message yang menekankan kerugian seseorang untuk tidak melakukan suatu tindakan dan gain-framed message yang berfokus kepada manfaat dari melakukan tindakan tertentu.Kedua message framing disini diterapkan pada kasus pemasaran kartu kredit, dimana lossframed message dan gain-framed message dibandingkan dalam hal seberapa baik mereka untuk mempengaruhi intensi responden promosi untuk mendaftar kartu kredit. Lalu, intensi untuk mengajukan permohonan kartu kredit dibawah loss-framed message atau gain-framed message diukur menurut tingkat financial literacy dan risk-attitude seorang responden.Studi ini mengumpulkan sampel di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Setiap responden diberi simulasi pesan promosi dengan gain-framed atau loss-framed dan kemudian diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner tentang intensi untuk mendafta, tingkat financial literacy, risk-attitude, dan pertanyaan tambahan tentang kartu kredit. Ditemukan bahwa loss-framed message berhasil untuk mendapatkan intensi untuk mendaftar yang lebih tinggi di Indonesia tetapi pesan gain-framed message mendapatkan intensi untuk mendaftar yang lebih tinggi di Amerika Serikat. Dalam analisa dan diskusi, terdapat faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas loss-framed message dan gain-framed message.

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According to Kahneman and Tversky?s Prospect Theory (1979), people place a greater value upon avoiding loss than upon receiving gain. There are two types of message framing used in product promotion: the loss-framed message that emphasizes the losses a person may incur for not performing an action and the gain-framed message that focuses on the benefits of performing a specific action.These two types of message framing are here applied to the case of credit card marketing, where a loss-framed promotion message and a gain-framed promotion message are compared in terms of how well they influence intention of the promotion respondents to apply for a credit card. Additionally, the intention to apply for a credit card under a loss-framed or gain-framed message is assessed with reference to the respondents? financial literacy level and risk-attitude level.The study collected samples in Indonesia and the USA. Each respondent was given a credit card promotion simulation message with a loss-framed and a gain-framed message and then asked to complete a questionnaire on intention to apply, financial literacy, risk attitude, and additional questions about credit cards. It is found that loss-framed message is shown to obtain more intention to apply in Indonesia but the gain-framed message engendered greater intention to apply in the USA. In the discussion and analysis, we specified factors that may influence the effectiveness of a loss-framed message and gain-framed message."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan pengaruh penghindaran pajak dan kepemilikan keluarga terhadap biaya utang perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode panel dengan jumlah sampel 127 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2010-2013. Variabel kontrol yang digunakan yaitu umur perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan, kualitas auditor, leverage, dummy rasio utang terhadap ekuitas, dan arus kas operasi. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa penghindaran pajak yang diukur dengan proksi abnormal BTD terbukti memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap biaya utang. Selain itu, kepemilikan keluarga yang diukur dengan dummy kepemilikan keluarga mayoritas juga terbukti memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap biaya utang.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to examine the effect of tax avoidance and family ownership on corporate cost of debt. This study used panel method with 127 public firm listed in BEI in 2010-2013 as the sample. Control variabel used are firm age, firm size, auditor quality, leverage, and operational cash flow. The empirical results give evidence that tax avoidance, which is measured by abnormal BTD has significant negative effect on cost of debt. Family ownership, which is measured by dummy variable for majority family ownership also has significant negative on cost of debt.;The objective of this study is to examine the effect of tax avoidance and family ownership on corporate cost of debt. This study used panel method with 127 public firm listed in BEI in 2010-2013 as the sample. Control variabel used are firm age, firm size, auditor quality, leverage, and operational cash flow. The empirical results give evidence that tax avoidance, which is measured by abnormal BTD has significant negative effect on cost of debt. Family ownership, which is measured by dummy variable for majority family ownership also has significant negative on cost of debt., The objective of this study is to examine the effect of tax avoidance and family ownership on corporate cost of debt. This study used panel method with 127 public firm listed in BEI in 2010-2013 as the sample. Control variabel used are firm age, firm size, auditor quality, leverage, and operational cash flow. The empirical results give evidence that tax avoidance, which is measured by abnormal BTD has significant negative effect on cost of debt. Family ownership, which is measured by dummy variable for majority family ownership also has significant negative on cost of debt.]"

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang pengaruh leverage terhadap investasi perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2010-2014. Penelitian ini mengkaji leverage dan faktor internal lainnya seperti arus kas, ukuran perusahaan dan tingkat pertumbuhan sebagai variabel kontrol. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan leverage terhadap investasi sebuah perusahaan, di mana investasi yang dimaksud adalah aset tetap bersih.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the effect of leverage on the company's investment sub-sector manufacturing base and chemical industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2010-2014. This study examines the leverage and other internal factors such as cash flow, company size and growth rate as control variables. Based on research conducted shows that there is a significant negative correlation to investment leverage a company, in which the investment in question are net fixed assets., This thesis discusses the effect of leverage on the company's investment sub-sector manufacturing base and chemical industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2010-2014. This study examines the leverage and other internal factors such as cash flow, company size and growth rate as control variables. Based on research conducted shows that there is a significant negative correlation to investment leverage a company, in which the investment in question are net fixed assets.]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa apakah terdapat tata kelola yang lebih lemah pada fraud firm dibanding control firm pada periode sebelum terjadi kecurangan dan apakah terdapat perbaikan tata kelola perusahaan yang dilakukan oleh fraud firm pada periode setelah kecurangan. Penelitian ini menganalisis tata kelola perusahaan yang diukur menggunakan variabel efektivitas dewan komisaris, efektivitas komite audit, kualitas audit, dan struktur kepemilikan. Hasil uji beda menunjukkan bahwa fraud firm lebih lemah dalam kualitas audit dan bahwa fraud firm melakukan perbaikan pada kompetensi dewan komisarisnya. Selain itu, kecurangan menyebabkan penurunan kepemilikan terkonsentrasi pada fraud firm.

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ABSTRACTThis research’s objective is to check whether fraud firm has weaker corporate governance compared to control firm in the period before fraud occured and whether fraud firm make improvements on its corporate governance in the period following fraud. This research analyzes corporate governance structures which are measured by board of commissioners’ effectiveness, audit committee’s effectiveness, audit quality, and ownership structure. The results show that fraud firm has weaker audit quality and that fraud firm makes improvement on its board of commissioners’ competence. Besides, fraud occurence causes decline on fraud firm’s blockholders ownership."

"[ABSTRAKPengaruh berlimpahnya sumber daya alam terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi telah lama dipelajari dalam berbagai studi, di mana sebagian besar hasil dari studi-studi tersebut menunjukan bahwa kelimpahan ini mempengaruhi secara negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebagian besar studi tersebut dilakukan pada tingkat lintas negara. Tesis ini mencoba mencari tahu dampak dari kelimpahan sumber daya alam tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi pada tingkat lokal Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data tingkat provinsi dari tahun 2004 sampai 2013 dan metode analisa data panel, tesis ini menemukan bahwa berlimpahnya sumber daya alam memiliki pengaruh negatif yang siknifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Tesis ini juga mendapati bahwa pendapatan, inflasi, dan kriminal berpotensi menjadi saluran transmisi, di mana sumber daya alam di Indonesia cenderung meningkatkan pendapatan, namun menurunkan inflasi dan kriminal.

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ABSTRACTThe effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth has long been discussed in many studies and most of them show that resource abundance negatively affects growth However most of these studies are conducted at a cross country level This paper tries to find out the impact of resource abundance on economic growth at a local level of Indonesia By employing data at provincial level from 2004 until 2013 and using panel data analysis this paper finds that in average natural resource abundance has a significant negative impact on economic growth in Indonesia This paper also discovers that income inflation and crime are the possible transmission channels where natural resource of mining in Indonesia tends to increase income but lower inflation and crime daya alam di Indonesia cenderung meningkatkan pendapatan namun menurunkan inflasi dan kriminal ;The effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth has long been discussed in many studies and most of them show that resource abundance negatively affects growth However most of these studies are conducted at a cross country level This paper tries to find out the impact of resource abundance on economic growth at a local level of Indonesia By employing data at provincial level from 2004 until 2013 and using panel data analysis this paper finds that in average natural resource abundance has a significant negative impact on economic growth in Indonesia This paper also discovers that income inflation and crime are the possible transmission channels where natural resource of mining in Indonesia tends to increase income but lower inflation and crime., The effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth has long been discussed in many studies and most of them show that resource abundance negatively affects growth However most of these studies are conducted at a cross country level This paper tries to find out the impact of resource abundance on economic growth at a local level of Indonesia By employing data at provincial level from 2004 until 2013 and using panel data analysis this paper finds that in average natural resource abundance has a significant negative impact on economic growth in Indonesia This paper also discovers that income inflation and crime are the possible transmission channels where natural resource of mining in Indonesia tends to increase income but lower inflation and crime daya alam di Indonesia cenderung meningkatkan pendapatan namun menurunkan inflasi dan kriminal ]"

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini meneliti tentang faktor-faktor yang menentukan arus masuk penanaman modal asing langsung di negara-negara maju dan negara-negara berkembang dengan menggunakan analisa data panel. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 27 negara maju dan 43 negara berkembang selama periode 1998 sampai dengan 2011. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah arus masuk penanamanmodal asing per kapita. Sebagai variabel penjelas utama adalah tarif pajak penghasilan perusahaan. Sedangkan sebagai variabel penjelas tambahan adalah produk domestik bruto per kapita, tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan, upah minimal riil, populasi dan produksi energy.Berdasarkan pengukuran menggunakan random effect model diperoleh hasil bahwa pajak berpengaruh negative terhadap arus investasi asing namun tidak signifikan. Selain itu, jumlah populasi, upah minimum serta produksi energy juga berpengaruh negatif. Sebaliknya, PDB per kapita dan tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan berpengaruh positif terhadap arus masuk penanaman modal asing.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows.;This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflowsin developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizesdata of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatoryvariable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employsGDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimumwage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy ofnatural resources.Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as mainexplanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significanteven at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage,and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. Onthe other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDIinflows, This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflowsin developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizesdata of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatoryvariable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employsGDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimumwage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy ofnatural resources.Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as mainexplanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significanteven at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage,and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. Onthe other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDIinflows]"

"ABSTRAKInsiden tumpahan minyak di Teluk Meksiko telah mempengaruhi kinerja bisnis British Petroleum plc BP . Dampak itu telah mempengaruhi kondisi keuangan perusahaan bersama dengan pemangku kepentingan terkait. Makalah ini akan membandingkan perbedaan profitabilitas BP dengan Royal Dutch Shell dan kinerja pasar minyak dan gas. Diskusi selanjutnya akan memeriksa pasar dan non-pasar pemangku kepentingan yang terkait melalui peta stakeholder dan mengidentifikasi solusi dengan menerapkan delapan layar radar strategis.

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ABSTRACTThe incident of oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico had affected British Petroleum plc BP business performance. Its impact had influenced company rsquo s financial condition along with its related stakeholders. This paper will compare the difference in BP rsquo s profitability with Royal Dutch Shell and oil and gas market performance. The discussion later will examine relevant market and non market stakeholders through stakeholders map and identify solutions by applying eight strategic radar screens."

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari laporan ini adalah untuk menganalisis nilai ARB Corporation dan menyarankan manajer portofolio SSA apakah akan menyertakan perusahaan dalam portofolio. deskripsi perusahaan termasuk industri dan analisis SWOT dijelaskan. Sepanjang diskusi, analisis keuangan diperiksa lebih lanjut. Diskusi kemudian berfokus pada valuasi perusahaan menggunakan dua metode, DCF dan beberapa analisis pendekatan. Ini mengarah pada kesimpulan harga saham perusahaan yang mahal dan dianjurkan bahwa saham tidak harus dimasukkan dalam portofolio.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this report is to analyses ARB Corporation rsquo s value and advises SSA rsquo s portfolio manager whether to include the company in the portfolio. The company rsquo s description including its industry and SWOT analysis are explained. Throughout the discussion, the financial analysis is further examined. The discussion then focuses on the valuation of the company using two methods, DCF and multiple approach analysis. This leads to the conclusion of the company rsquo s stock price being overpriced and it is recommended that the stock should not be included in the portfolio."

"ABSTRAKPemerintah Negara Euphoria telah mempertimbangkan untuk mendirikan pengadilannarkoba sebagai dampak dari penyalahgunaan narkoba di masyarakat Euphoria danperadilan pidana yang telah meningkat selama 10 tahun terakhir. Makalah non skripsi iniakan menentukan apakah Euphorian Drug Court Program(EDCP) dapat menguntungkannegara dengan menerapkan analisis biaya manfaat menggunakan pendekatan Brown danCampbell terhadap berbagai aspek negara, seperti Kementrian Hukum (Department ofJustice). Kementrian Hak Asasi Manusia (Department of Human Services), korban,keluarga korban, tamatan dari program tersebut dan masyarakat Euphoria.Kata Kunci: Pengadilan Narkoba, Analisis Biaya Manfaat, pendekatan Brown danCampbell

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ABSTRACTThe government of the State of Euphoria has been considering to establish a drug court asthe impact of drug abuse in the Euphorian community and the criminal justice system hasbeen increasing for the past 10 years. This report will determine if The Euphorian DrugCourt Project (EDCP) can benefit the state by implementing a benefit-cost analysis usingthe Brown and Campbell approach towards numerous aspects of the state, such as theDepartment of Justice (DoJ), the Department of Human Services, the victims and theirfamilies, the graduates of the project and the society."

"ABSTRAKHubungan antara pilihan musik seseorang dan tingkah laku mereka sudah menjadi topik yang kerap dibahas. Banyak peneilitan yang memiliki tujuan untuk membuktikan apakah; empat kategori pilihan musik dan lima kepribadian seseorang dapat saling memberi pengaruh satu terhadap lain-nya. Saya akan mengulas beberapa tinjauan pustaka yang membahas tentang masalah ini dan membandingan hasil penelitian mereka. Menemukan jawaban mengenai masalah ini sangatlah penting karena kita akan dapat mengetahui apakah pilihan musik seseorang yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku mereka, ataukah sebaliknya.

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ABSTRACTThe relationship between one rsquo s musical preference and their personality has been a topic that question a lot of people. There have been many studies to prove whether both the four categories of music preference and the big five personality traits have direct affect towards each other or not. I am going to review few current literatures that discussed this matter and compare and contrast them. Finding elements that proves the correlation between both subject is crucial because then we will know more about why human behave in such way ndash is the musical preference influencing someone rsquo s behavior or the other way around. "