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Abstrak :
Dalam kajian ini dilakukan studi literatur mengenai konsep kemiskinan dan pengamatan ke lokasi penelitian untuk mendeteksi siapakah penduduk miskin itu? Kemudian mencari alternatif kebijakan yang sesuai dengan kondisi spesifik lokal untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan, dan akhirnya menggali serta memahami kearifan penduduk lokal dalam hubungannya dengan upaya preventif untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan observasi langsung, in-depth interview dan diskusi kelompok fokus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep kemiskinan bersifat banyak sisi (multifaset). Orang Bupolo dan petani Surade sama-sama mengolah lahan sempit. Petani Surade miskin karena tidak mempunyai lahan atau memiliki lahan tetapi dengan skala usaha yang relatif kecil. Orang Bupolo memiliki tanah yang relatif luas tetapi mempunyai keterbatasan akses pada teknologi, hidup terisolasi karena tidak mempunyai akses terhadap sarana dan prasarana sosial ekonomi maupun komunikasi, sehingga mereka hidup miskin dan hanya cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan sehari-hari. Jadi definisi kemiskinan perlu diperluas meliputi akses terhadap infrastruktur sosial ekonomi, keluar dari keterisolasian, ketidakberdayaan, dan kebebasan mengeluarkan pendapat, serta memperoleh keadilan dalam pembangunan. Kemiskinan tidak bisa didefinisikan secara tunggal yakni dari kacamata pemenuhan kebutuhan kalori semata sebagaimana yang dilakukan Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) selama ini, karena pada hakekatnya definisi kemiskinan tidak hanya bersifat relatif tetapi juga dinamis.

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Literature reviews on the concept of poverty and local observation on the field study were employed to investigate who the poor are, in order to seek alternative policies according to specific local conditions to combat poverty, and to see local wisdom in a preventive effort to reduce poverty. Survey methodology, in-depth interviews and focus groups discussions were used in this study. The findings suggest that the concept of poverty is multifacet. Both Bupolo people and Surade farmers cultivate small land. While Surade farmers are poor with no or limited land size and with relatively small scales' business, Bupolo people have relatively larger land size but have limited technology access, and less access to social economic infrastructure, making them poor and only able to survive with food daily. The concept of poverty needs to be extended to include access to social economic infrastructure, remoteness, disempowerment, freedom of speech, and fairness in development. Poverty cannot be defined individually solely from the context of the calorie fulfilment as a standard used by BPS. However, in principle, the concept of poverty cannot only be defined as a relative, but also dynamic concept.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan suatu model persamaan struktural yang menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif. Teori dan pendekatan psikologi selama ini umumnya hanya memberikan penjelasan yang bersifat parsial terhadap gejala aksi kolektif. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah membuktikan bahwa pendekatan integratif yang terdiri dari pendekatan psychological social psychology (faktor individual), sociological social psychology (faktor hubungan antarkelompok) dan pendekatan social constructionism (faktor yang ada dalam masyarakat) dapat menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif, dalam hal ini adalah unjuk rasa dan mogok kerja. Pengujian model ini hendak melihat pola hubungan yang spesifik yang didasarkan pada teori-teori yang menjelaskan gejala aksi kolektif pada tingkat individual, hubungan antar-kelompok dan masyarakat/ideologi di mana masing-masing pendekatan diwakili oleh satu atau lebih teori, yang diturunkan dalam bentuk variabel. Model penelitian ini mengajukan tiga variabel eksogen, yaitu representasi sosial, komitmen pada perusahaan dan komitmen pada serikat buruh serta empat variabel endogen, yaitu identitas sosial, deprivasi relatif, motif nilai-harapan dan intensi untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan integratif terhadap faktor-faktor individual, hubungan antarkelompok dan masyarakat terbukti dapat menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif secara komprehensif khususnya pada sampel buruh yang belum pernah mengikuti aksi kolektif (non partisipan). Adapun pada sampel buruh yang pernah mengikuti aksi kolektif (partisipan), hanya faktor-faktor hubungan antar kelompok dan faktor yang ada dalam masyarakat yang dapat menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif. ......This research attempts to build a structural model based on an integrative approach to explain labor intention to participate in collective action. This research is relevant as most of the existing theories and approaches explain the collective action phenomena partially. The main objective of this research is to analyze the integrative approach of psychological social psychology (individual factors), sociological social psychology (inter-group relation factors) and social constructionism (societal factor) in explaining labor intention to participate in collective action, such as demonstrations and labor strikes. This integrative approach research tested a theoretically derived pattern of specific relationship between individual level of analysis, inter-group relation and societal or ideological level of analysis where each level of analysis was represented by one or more theories. The research model proposes three exogenous latent variables namely: social representation, organizational commitment and union commitment, and four endogenous latent variables that are: social identity, relative deprivation, expectancy-value motives and intention to participate in collective action. These research findings proved that an integrative approach model which was represented by expectancy-value motives (individual level), both relative deprivation and social identity (inter-group level) and social representation (societal level) explain the labor intention participating in collective action was significant in non participant sample. On the other hand, in participant sample there were only two factors namely inter-group relation and societal context which explain the emerging of the labor intention participating in collective action.

Abstrak :
Kami telah membahas fungsi partisi dari kondensasi Bose-Einstein di dalam perangkap parabola yang dinyatakan oleh persamaan Gross-Pitaevskii satu dimensi. Fungsi partisi itu sendiri dirumuskan hanya dengan meninjau semua tingkat-tingkat energi dari osilator kuantum makroskopik yang mirip seperti di dalam mekanika statistika. Solusi-solusi dari tingkat-tingkat energi untuk kasus ini dapat diturunkan dengan mengikuti metode yang menggunakan teori perturbasi bebas waktu. Pada kasus ini, persamaan Gross-Pitaevskii satu dimensi dapat diperlakukan sebagai osilator kuantum makroskopik dengan menerapkan kondisi bahwa faktor nonlinearnya sangat kecil. Selain itu, perumusan analitik untuk energi tingkat dasar dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode tersebut. Namun demikian, tingkat-tingkat eksitasinya tidak diberikan secara eksplisit. Saat ini, kami melanjutkan pekerjaan sebelumnya untuk menurunkan tingkat-tingkat keadaan lainnya supaya dapat merumuskan fungsi partisi. Akan tetapi, kami tidak mendapatkan bentuk analitik dari fungsi partisi karena integral dari suku-suku nonlinear tidak dapat membentuk hubungan rekursif. Akibatnya, tidak hanya fungsi partisi tetapi juga energi bebas Helmholtz dan entropi harus dikaji ulang untuk memeriksa sifat konvergennya. ......We have discussed the partition function of the Bose-Einstein condensation in parabolic trap associated to the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The partition function itself is constructed by considering all the energy levels of the macroscopic quantum oscillator which is similar to statistical mechanics. The solutions of the energy levels for this case can be derived by pursuing the method that applies the time-independent perturbation theory. In this case, the one-dimensional Gross Pitaevskii equation can be treated as the one-dimensional macroscopic quantum oscillator on condition that the nonlinearity is very small. Moreover, the analytical expression for the ground state energy can be obtained by applying the method. However, the higher level states were not explicitly provided. In this research we followed up on the former work to derive explicitly the other states in order to formulate the partition function. However, we did not find the closed form of the partition function since the results of nonlinear term integral could not form the recursion relation. As a consequence, not only should the partition function but also the Helmholtz free energy and entropy should be reevaluated to check their convergences.

Abstrak :
Baru-baru ini, penggunaan sumber-sumber terbarukan dalam penyusunan bahan berbagai industri telah direvitalisasi karena kekhawatiran dampak terhadap lingkungan. Minyak nabati dianggap sebagai kelompok yang paling penting dari sumber terbarukan. Poliol berbasis minyak jarak pagar (JPO) merupakan bahan alternatif yang mungkin dapat menggantikan poliol berbasis petrokimia untuk bahan pelapis poliuretan. Poliuretan disintesis dengan mereaksikan poliol berbasis JPO dengan isosianat. Untuk menghasilkan poliol berbasis JPO, pertama JPO diubah menjadi jarak pagar terepoksidasi (EJP), kemudian mengkonversi EJP menjadi poliol melalui reaksi pembukaan cincin dengan penambahan asam akrilat (AA) dan adanya katalis trietilamina (TEA). Sifat reologi film polyurethane berbasis JPO dibandingkan dengan film poliuretan berbasis poliol komersial melalui uji daya kilap, kekerasan, dan daya rekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber poliol berpengaruh terhadap sifat reologi poliuretan dibandingkan jenis isosianat. Hasil pengamatan visual film polyurethane dengan polio l L.OHV, H.OHV dan komersial menunjukkan ketiganya memiliki kualitas yang sama baiknya. ......Recently, the use of renewable sources in the preparation of various industrial materials has been revitalized in response to environmental concerns. Natural oils are considered to be the most important genre of renewable sources. Jatropha curcas oil (JPO) based polyol is an alternative material that may possibly replace petrochemical-based polyol for polyurethane coating material. Polyurethane was synthesized by reacting JPO-based polyol with isocyanate. To produce JPO-based polyol, JPO was first epoxidized to form epoxidized J. curcas oil (EJP), subsequently it was converted to polyol by the opening ring reaction with acrylic acid (AA) using triethylamine (TEA) as a catalyst. The JPO-based polyurethane film resulting from this study is compared with polyurethane film from commercial polyol for gloss, hardness, and adhesion quality. The result showed that the source of polyol has an influence on gloss, hardness, and adhesion of polyurethane film, but the differences with using isocyanate has less influence. Using visual observation, polyurethane film produced from L.OHV polyol, H.OHV polyol and commercial polyol have similar quality.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan uji pemanfaatan getah pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var sapientum Lamb) dalam penyembuhan luka bakar pada kulit tikus putih (Rattus novergicus). Penyembuhan luka bakar dievaluasi dengan menghitung jumlah leukosit PMN dan jumlah fibroblas pada hari ke 7, 14, dan 21 setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan jumlah leukosit PMN pada subjek yang diobati dengan getah pisang ambon relatif lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan positif (Bioplacenton ®). Sebaliknya, peningkatan jumlah fibroblas secara signifikan ditunjukkan pada hari ke-14 dan ke-21 setelah perawatan. Kesimpulannya, pengobatan dengan getah pisang Ambon pada luka bakar memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kedua kontrol positif dan negatif.

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A study of ambonese plantain banana (Musa paradisiaca var sapientum Lamb) treatment in burn wound healing on the skin of white rats (Rattus novergicus) has been conducted. The wound healing of burn injuries was evaluated by counting the number of PMN leukocytes and fibroblasts at the 7th, 14th, and 21st days following the treatment. The study showed that the decrease in number of PMN leukocytes of subjects treated with ambonese plantain banana was relatively more significant compared to both negative and positive control (Bioplacenton®). In contrast, an increasing number of fibroblasts was significantly demonstrated at the 14th and 21st days after treatment. In conclusion, ambonese plantain banana treatment in burn injuries will provide bett er results compared to both positive and negative controls.

Abstrak :
The use of ultrasound in extraction process creates novel and interesting methodologies, which are often complementary to conventional extraction methods. In the present study, the use of ultrasound to extract oleoresin from ginger (Zingiber officinaleR.) was investigated. The extraction was performed by using ethanol as solvent in the presence of ultrasonic irradiations operating at frequency of 42 kHz at extraction temperature of 60oC. The oleoresin extracted was in the form of dark thick liquid with specific ginger flavor. Based on GC-MS analysis, the use of ultrasound was not give an effect on alteration of main component in ginger oleoresin. The main component in extracted ginger oleoresin was zingerone. Gingerol as one of the pungent principle of the ginger oleoresin was not detected due to decomposition of gingerol at a temperature above 45oC. Extraction rate of ultrasound-assisted extraction was about 1.75 times more rapid than a conventional system based on soxhlet. The scanning electron microscopy images provided more evidence for the mechanical effects of ultrasound, mainly appearing on cells? walls and shown by the destruction of cells, facilitating the release of their contents.

Abstrak :
Further detailed research is required to obtain deeper information on the role of wild birds on the distribution of Avian influenza in Asia. A research has been carried out on February?June 2007 focused on blood sampling (serosurveillance) of wild birds in Pulau Dua Nature Reserves (CAPD), Serang, Banten. The research is aimed to investigate the infection of AI virus sub-tye H5N1 on the studied wild birds. The blood samples were taken from studied aquatic birds, followed by HI (haemagglutination-inhibition) test. A total of 183 samples represent 7 water bird species were taken i.e Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis,Javan pond-heron Ardeola speciosa, Little egret Egretta garzetta, Intermediate egret Egretta intermedia, Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Great egret Casmerodius albus and Grey heron Ardea cinerea. The result revealed that 41 (23.27%) samples showed the present of AIV antibodies serotype H5N1 which is identified as positive. Data showed 5 positive-test species, including B. ibis (29.27%), E. garzetta (29.27%), E. intermedia (4.88%), Ardeola speciosa (7.32%), and N. nycticorax (29.27%). A total of 41.46% were infected adult individual, whereas 58.54% were juveniles.

Abstrak :
Microalgae has high nutritional value and are used to feed adult and larval stages of bivalves, the larvae of some fish and crustaceans and zooplankton. However, microalgae production for aquaculture animal is very expensive. To overcome this, the use of preserved microalgae such as algae concentrate and dried algae, or algal substitutes has been developed. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this alternative food. For example, even though the cost production for algal substitute yeast-based diet is cheaper, their nutritional value is much lower compared to fresh microalgae. Moreover, there is no significant difference in nutritional value between preserved (concentrated or dried) and fresh microalgae; however, preserving microalgae for long periods will affect their nutritional value. In spite of this problem, preserved microalgae such as algal concentrate and dried algae seem to be more effective to feed bivalves than algal substitutes yeast based diet due to their availability and relatively high nutritional value. Furthermore, algae concentrates are more suitable to replace fresh algae than dried algae.

Abstrak :
Fenomena Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) di Teluk Lampung, khususnya di Teluk Hurun, telah banyak dibahas oleh beberapa peneliti. Fenomena HABs diduga akibat peningkatan unsur hara (N dan P) dari limbah pertambakan, pembenihan (hatchery) dan budidaya ikan dalam karamba jaring apung. Masukan N dan P ke perairan akan menyebabkan eutrofikasi perairan yang selanjutnya dapat memicu terjadinya ledakan populasi fitoplankton yang dapat berbahaya bagi organisme perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kadar nutrient N dan P dengan kemunculan fitoplankton berbahaya, akibat limbah budidaya perikanan yang berbeda pada lokasi penelitian. Secara deskristif hubungan unsur hara N dan P terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton dapat dilihat dengan adanya kecenderungan peningkatan unsur hara tertentu yang diikuti oleh peningkatan kelimpahan total fitoplankton atau kelimpahan salah satu jenis fitoplankton. Beberapa fitoplankton berbahaya yang ditemukan dengan kelimpahan tinggi pada penelitian ini adalah Ceratium furca dengan kepadatan tertinggi mencapai 5.314 x 10 sel/l, Trichodesmium erithraeum dengan kelimpahan mencapai 1.05 x 10 sel/l and Noctiluca scintilans dengan kelimpahan mencapai 5.99 x 10 sel/l. Hubungan unsur hara N dan P dengan HABs juga ditunjukkan dengan analisis regresi berganda dan canonical corelation analysis (CCA) yang menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif yang kuat antara konsentrasi unsur hara N dan P dengan potensi kemunculan HABs pada berbagai lokasi budidaya perikanan di Teluk Lampung. ......The phenomenon of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Lampung Bay has been reported by many researchers. The occurrence of HABs may be due to the increase of nutrient (N and P) as results of waste water of aquaculture (shrimp farms, hatcheries and fish cage farms). This study aim to determine the relationship between N and P concentrations in some aquaculture sites with harmful algal blooms. The analysis revealed the differences concentration of N and P at each different shrimp farms and fish cage farms sites (Hurun, Sidodadi, Ringgung, and Cikunyinyi Bay). The result showed that the increase of N and P concentration were followed by the increase of harmful phytoplankton populations. High density HABs were found in this study, such as: Ceratium furca with the highest density at 5.314 x 10 cells l -1, Trichodesmium erithraeum 1.05 x 10 cells l-1 and Noctiluca scintilans 5.99 x 10 cells l-1. The Multiple regression and canonical corelation analysis (CCA) also indicated a strong positive relationship between N and P with the HABs at the shrimp farms and fish cage farms sites in the Lampung Bay.

Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini, mullite yang disintesis dari aluminum nitrat hidrat [(Al(NO3)3.9H2O] dan sol silika sekam padi dikenakan pada perlakuan sintering dengan suhu 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, dan 1300°C, kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan difraksi sinar-x (XRD) dilanjutkan dengan penghalusan menggunakan metode Rietveld, dan analisis termal diferensial (DTA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam sampel yang disintering pada suhu 900°C, tidak ditemukan fasa mullite, tetapi fasa kristobalit dan alumina terdeteksi dengan jelas. Pembentukan mullite baru terjadi pada suhu 1000°C dan bertumbuh dengan peningkatan suhu ditandai dengan kenaikan persen berat (wt%) dari 62,62 menjadi 92,29%, disertai penurunan persen berat kristobalit dari 22,42 menjadi 1,25% dan penurunan persen berat alumina dari 77,58 menjadi 6,46%. Hasil penghalusan menunjukkan korelasi yang baik antara unit sel hasil perhitungan dan hasil pengamatan, dengan dimensi unit sel adalah a = 7,545 nm, b = 7,689 nm dan c = 2,884 nm untuk mullite, a = b = 0,5531 nm, dan c = 0,6923 nm untuk kristobalit, dan a = b = 0,5026 nm, dan c = 1,2808 nm untuk alumina. Hasil analisis dengan DTA menunjukkan bahwa dalam sampel yang tidak disintering, hanya terdapat alumina dan silika, sementara dalam sampel yang disintering terdapat mullite, alumina, dan kristobalit.

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In this study, mullite synthesized from aluminum nitrate hydrate [(Al(NO3)3.9H2O] and silica sol from rice husk was subjected to sintering treatment at temperatures of 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300°C, and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), followed by Rietveld refinement, and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results indicated that in the sample sintered at 900°C, no mullite phase was identified, but crystoballite and alumina were well detected. The formation of mullite started at temperature of 1000°C and continued to grow at higher temperatures, resulted in increased weight percentage (wt%) from 62.62 to 92.29%, while crystoballite and alumina decreased from 22.42 to 1.25% and from 77.58 to 6.46 % respectively. A good correlation was found between the calculated and observed unit cells. For mullite phase, the unit cell dimensions are a = 7.545 nm, b =.689 nm and c = 2.884 nm, for crystoballite a =b = 0.5531 nm and c = 0.6923 nm, and for alumina a = b = 0.5026 nm, and c = 1.2808 nm. The DTA analyses revealed that in the untreated sample, only alumina and silica were detected, while in the sintered samples we found the existence of mullite, alumina, and crystoballite.