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"ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to determine, the comparison of absorption by aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata and Water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) of malathion insecticide residues in water and comparison of malathion concentrationin tissues of fish fed with of contaminated water plants(Water hyacinth) with tissuesof fish, which was not fedcontaminated water plant. The effect of heating the contaminatedfish tissue, on its level in tissues of rats that consume it.For the first experiment (aquarium filled with 3 litre of water +H. verticillata100 gr + Water hyacinth 100 gr + 20uci14C-labeled malathion); for the second experiment (the first aquarium filled with 3 litre of water + 30 tails of goldfish + 20 uci14C-labeled malathion; second aquarium filled with 3 litre of water + Water hyacinth 100 gr + 30 tail of goldfist + 20 uci 14C ?labeled malathion. For the third experiment (most of contaminated fish tissue in the secondexperiment was driedat room temperature and then given to 30 mice and partly heated and then given to another 30mice). Malathion levels were then analyzed by using a liquid scintillation counter LSC-753 (Aloka). The results of alltreatments were compared using the Student t-test. It can be concluded, H. verticillatawas more efficient compared tothe enceng gondok in absorbing the insecticide malathion residues in water; malathion concentration in the tissues offish fed Water hyacinth was higher than those of fish not fed Water hyacinth; contaminated fish tissue residues ofmalathion, although be heated, can not belowered significantly, levels in the tissue. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jalur (pathway) dari insektisida malathion dari lingkungan akuatik (air) ketumbuhan akuatik atau hewan akuatik di sekitarnya, kemudian dari hewan akuatik ke mammalia darat (tikus) denganmenggunakan malathion yang telah diberi label (malathion radioisotope 14C). Penelitian tingkat pertama, akan dicarijalur perjalanan malathion dari lingkungan perairan ke tumbuhan air (yaitu Hydrilla verticillata) dan hewan akuatik(yaitu ikan mas). Kemudian pada penelitian tingkat ke dua akan dilihat jalur perjalanan malathion dari hewan akuatik(ikan mas) ke mammalia darat (tikus). Penelitian tingkat ketiga, akan dipantau pengaruh negatif dari pencemaraninsektisida malathion 96 EC pada sayuran di Indonesia, terhadap organ tikus (hati dan otak). Hasil yang didapat darisemua hewan perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol dengan menggunakan uji-t Student. Hasil penelitianmemperlihatkan bahwa residu insektisida malathion di perairan dapat diserap oleh tumbuhan air dan dapat memasukitubuh dan atau organ hewan akuatik atau melalui mata rantai makanan, dan masuk secara langsung melalui insang,sisik, kulit. Residu malathion juga dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh mammalia darat (tikus) melalui matarantai makanan,yaitu dengan konsumsi ikan atau tumbuhan air yang terkontaminasi. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa dosispencemaran insektisida malathion pada sayuran di Indonesia, bila dikonsumsi selama 60 hari berturut-turut dapatmenimbulkan kerusakan yang nyata pada hati, tetapi tidak secara nyata menimbulkan kerusakan pada otak tikus.Thisresearch was aimed to settle on the pathway of insecticide contamination in the aquatic environment forwarding towardaquatic plants and animals by using radioisotope 14C labelled malathion. Then by using the same labelled malathion, itspathway to the mammals, i.e. mice, was also determined. The first step of the research was aimed to detect the pathwayof malathion residues in water moving toward aquatic plants i.e. Hydrilla verticillata and aquatic animals i.e. fishes.Subsequently, in the second step of the research, the pathway of this labelled malathion from aquatic animals (fish) tomammals (mice). Then, in the third step of this research, the influence of polluting dose of malathion 96 EC, which wasfrequently found in vegetables in Indonesia, on the mammals? organ i.e. liver and brain of mice. All of the treatments?results were compared to the controls? using Student t-test. Analysis of the results showed that the residual insecticidecan be absorbed by the aquatic plans and then entered the fish body through food chain, and also through the gills, skin,scales. Furthermore, it was substantiated that the mammals obtained residual malathion through its food chain, that is,when the fishes were eaten by the mice or other mammals. The concentration of the insecticide observed, malathion,absorbed by water plants, fish organ and mice organ found to be different. This study also proved that the concentrationdose of malathion found in vegetables in Indonesia can cause abnormality in the livers of the mice, if it was takenconsecutively for 60 days. It was also shown in this study that the brains of the treated mice did not show anysignificant abnormality."

"Karagenan merupakan bahan pangan alamiah yang mengandung serat cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh serat pangan karagenan pada parameter lipid darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Maret 2012. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif; mencit normokolesterolemia yang diberikan pakan standar, kontrol positif; mencit hiperkolesterolemia tanpa suplementasi karagenan, kelompok perlakuan; kelompok mencit hiperkolesterolemia yang diberikan suplementasi karagenan 15%, 30%, dan 46%. Kadar serat makanan tidak larut pada masing-masing pakan mencit percobaan ialah 6,92; 8,75; 10,48; 12,27; dan 14,05%. Parameter yang diukur ialah bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol total serum, hati, dan feses, serta kadar trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), dan glukosa dalam serum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suplementasi karagenan sebesar 46% menurunkan bobot badan sebesar 7,99%, kadar total kolesterol sebesar 18,78%, trigliserida sebesar 17,53%, dan LDL sebesar 71,33%, serta meningkatkan HDL sebesar 15,59−20,47%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan dapat menurunkan kandungan kolesterol hati sebesar 38,46% dan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses sebesar 57,07%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan sebesar 46% dalam diet hiperkolesterolemik dapat memperbaiki parameter lipid darah mencit hiperkolesterolemia.

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The Carrageenan Dietary Fiber Suplementation in Feed to Improving Blood Lipid Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Carrageenan is example of food with high content of fiber. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of carrageenan supplementations on blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice. The experiment were done at animal cages Departemen of Biology Education, Indonesia University of Education and Fisiology Laboratory Faculty of Veteriner Medicine, Bogor Agricultural Institute on August 2011 until March 2012. The experimental mice were assigned into a completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e., negative control group; normocholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet, positive control group; hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet without carrageenan supplementation, treatments group; hypercholesterolemic mice feds with supplemented with 15%, 30%, and 46% carrageenan. The nonsoluble content of dietary fiber in the experimental treatments were 6.92, 8.75, 10.48, 12.27, and 14.05%, respectively. The parameters measured were body weight, cholesterol levels of blood serum, liver and feces, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose levels. Supplementation of carrageenan as a source of dietary fiber increased serum HDL concentrations, and decreased body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL concentrations of hypercholesterolemic male mice without a significant effect on serum glucose consentrations. Hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a supplemented with 46% carrageenan decreased body weight by 7.99%, total serum cholesterol by 18.78%, triglyceride by 17.53%, LDL by 71.33%, and increased HDL by 15.59−20.47%. Carrageenan supplementation reduce liver cholesterol levels by 38.46% and increased cholesterol excretion through feces by 57.07%. Supplementation of 46% carrageenan in hipercholesterolemic fed is effective in improving blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice."