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"ABSTRAKGallstone is a crystal deposit which is formed in the gallbladder or bile duct. Gallstone is classified into cholesterol stone, pigment stone (black and brown), and mixed stone. Mechanism which underlies the formation of cholesterol or pigment gallstone is different. Information on chemical component of the stone will assist the management and prevention of its recurrence. Analysis of gallstone component can be performed by colorimetry method or even gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Chemical component analysis of gallstone by colorimetry includes examination of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium. Stone is classified as cholesterol stone if the cholesterol content is > 80%, pigment stone if cholesterol content is < 20%, and mixed stone if cholesterol content is 25-80%. Gallstone analysis by GLC method is conducted by separation of fatty acid chain and evaluation of fatty acid quantity in the methylester derivatives form, which is fatty acid methyl estered. Fatty acid content in cholesterol stone (310.09 + 49.7 mg/gram) is higher compared to pigment stone (55.59 +7.71 mg/gram). Saturated to unsaturated fatty acid (S/U) ration in cholesterol stone (8.6 + 3.1) is higher compared to pigment stone (4.8 + 1.5)."

"ABSTRAKMelanosis coli is a brownish discoloration of the colonic mucosa caused by the accumulation of pigment in macrophages of the lamina propria. We reported a 62 years old woman with prolonged constipation since 10 years ago. She underwent haemorhoidectomy when 17 years old. Since 4 years ago she regularly comsumted herbal laxative. On 27 january 2015 underwent colonoscopy at Sardjito hospital Yogyakarta. Colonoscopic examination revealed Melanosis coli."

"ABSTRAKThe smoking habit give many bad effects, especially in health and economy aspect. In Indonesia, most people still have this habit. Quit smoking is beneficial. Clinicians have an important role in helping patients to quit their smoking habit. "