Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
This review analyses the gender dimensions of rapid population ageing in the Asia-Pacific region, shares examples of useful practices and makes policy recommendations within the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. Population ageing is occurring at the same time as urbanization, migration, more women in paid work, smaller families, technological advances and environmental changes. Awareness of population ageing is increasing, with reports from international agencies and new national policies and plans. But these often fail to respond to the different needs of older women and men and to recognize and benefit from their different contributions. Age and sex discrimination intersect to disadvantage both women and men. Gender and ageing analysis need to be mainstreamed within development programmes. Women live longer than men yet have higher risk of poor health and disability in old age, suffering the accumulated effects of gender inequality throughout their lives. Although most older women and men continue to live with their families, older women are more likely than men to live alone, to be widowed and poor. They have had fewer opportunities to earn or make pension contributions and may lack inheritance rights. Older men are more likely to be socially isolated and miss their earlier roles. Older persons' community organizations reduce social isolation and have many benefits. Conditions affecting quality of life are more common in older women and often neglected, including sensory impairments, arthritis, incontinence, falls and sleep disorders. Risk factors also show gender differences. Women are less likely to be physically active; older men are more likely to drink alcohol and smoke. Older women face greater barriers to health care. Caring for dependent older family members is usually the responsibility of women, and paid care providers are disproportionately female. Family caregivers need support, help with assistive devices and respite care. They are often unable to earn and save for their own old age. Older persons groups could provide paid or voluntary care services at the community level. Government, civil society and the private sector all have roles in facilitating the contributions of older persons, preventing disability and providing care and support. National Governments need to invest in policies that recognize the different rights and roles of older women and men.

Abstrak :
This study analyses the extent and nature of female unpaid work in the context of rural households in India. In particular, the study looks at the relationship between land ownership and the extent of domestic duties , performed by females, adjusted by family size, in rural agricultural households. Further, the study considers the role of socioeconomic and socio-religious class and the engagement of women in domestic duties. The study uses the Indian National Sample Survey quinquennial round of ; employment and unemployment survey data for the period 2011-2012. To find out the relationship between various land ownership modalities and domestic duties performed by females, the study makes use of the fractional logit regression model. The empirical result suggests that there is a greater 1 probability of more women workers getting involved in unpaid work as the ' land-ownership size of the household increases. Further, it is seen that the probability that females engaged in unpaid work is greater for those in casual agricultural households with large land cultivated than for those who are in self-employed households. The study finds that the proportion of rural women engaged in domestic duties is 34 per cent, and the majority of them want to work either on a regular or part-time basis (74 per cent) as well as be able to attend to domestic duties. These results suggest that more effective labour market policy, which will encourage women to participate in paid work, is needed. Moreover, family-friendly policies and initiatives that encourage a more equitable sharing of the burden of care and household chores between males and females are required.

Abstrak :
This paper investigates caste /ethnicity based inequity in women's health service utilization, particularly focusing on antenatal care (ANC) in the socioculturally complex patriarchal context of Nepal. Numerous studies worldwide have examined the effects of various factors contributing to antenatal care. However, much less is known about the influence of caste/ ethnicity on women's health-care utilization in Nepal. Using the nationally representative Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) Data 2011, a multilevel logistic regression was run with results suggesting that both non-economic (caste/ethnicity) and economic (household wealth) factors influence women's health-care utilization. First, women who belong to a disadvantaged caste/ethnicity such as the Hill Janajafi, Hill and Terai Dalit and Muslims are significantly less likely to make four plus antenatal care visits compared to the advantaged Bahun/Chhetri mothers. Second, mothers who belong to the wealthier category are significantly advantaged in terms of using antenatal care services compared to the poorest category of mothers. Third, contrary to the common assumption, mothers from the advantaged caste/ethnicity (Bahun/Chhetri and Newar) do not always fare better in all aspects of life; when from the poorest households, they are not significantly different in terms of antenatal care compared the poorest mothers who are from a disadvantaged caste/ethnicity. Tliese findings offer evidence against the misassumption that individuals of advantaged caste/ ethnicities are always privileged, suggesting that health policies should take into account the intertwining effects of both caste/ethnicity and economic status in order to improve women's health and well-being.

Abstrak :
The objective of this study is to assess whether recent marital discussion on family planning is associated with contraceptive use among young couples residing in rural Maharashtra, India. The study methods used involved analysis of baseline data collected from 867 couples participating in the CHARM Family Planning evaluation trial. Participants were surveyed on demographics, contraceptive behaviour, and a six-item scale on marital discussions concerning family planning (including family size and contraceptive use) over the preceding six months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed associations between marital family planning discussions and current modern contraceptive use for birth spacing, adjusting for demographics.

The results revealed that 22.0 per cent of women reported current use of modern contraceptives for birth spacing. Nearly half (46.4 per cent) of women reported 'high marital family planning discussion/ based on a median split dichotomizing the scale as high or low. Women who reported 'high discussion' on family planning compared to those with low discussion' were seven times more likely to use modem contraceptives for birth spacing (45.4 per cent 9.8 per cent; adjusted odds ratio = 7.1, 95 per cent, confidence interval = 4.9 - 10.3). In conclusion, the findings support promotion of marital family planning counselling to improve contraceptive use among young rural married couples.