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Abstrak :
Tujuan : untuk memperoleh data profil lipid dan kadar glukosa darah penderita SH, serta hubungannya dengan asupan makanan dan status gizi. Tempat : RS Sumber Waras, Jakarta Barat. Bahan dan Cara : Setelah mendapat izin dari Komite medik RS Somber Waras, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional pada 140 penderita SH(100 laki-laki dan 40 perempuan) yang sesuai dengan kriteria penerimaan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi umur, jenis kelamin, analisis asupan makanan selama 3 hari di RS, antropometri (TLT&LLA), USG dan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah (profil lipid, kadar glukosa puasa & 2 jam PP). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah t-test, Mann Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smimov dan uji korelasi Pearson /Spearman rank. Hasil : Subyek penelitian berjumlah 140 orang (100 laki-laki dan 40 perempuan), 59,3 % subyek memenuhi kriteria Child C, dengan menggunakan parameter AOLA menunjukkan 70,98% subyek Child B dan 75,90% subyek Child C memiliki status gizi muscle wasting. Pada pemeriksaan profit lipid didapatkan hasil kadar kolesterol total <200mg/dL,.LDL < 130 mg/dL, HDL < 40 mg/dL dan trigliserida < 200 mg/dL pada subyek Child B dan C. Profit lipid Child C lebih rendah dari Child B ( semakin luas kerusakan jaringan hati, terdapat gangguan sintesis lipid). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara profil lipid dengan status gizi, tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan jumlah asupan makanan. Terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar trigliserida dengan jumlah asupan makanan subyek Child B dan korelasi positif antara kadar HDL dengan jumlah asupan makanan subyek Child C. Terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar glukosa darah puasa dengan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam post prandial. KES1MPULAN : Rendahnya profil lipid pada subyek Child B dan C diduga karena asupan makanan yang kurang dari kebutuhan dan status gizi muscle wasting, disamping kerusakan sel hati yang luas, menyebabkan defisiensi sejumlah enzim LCAT dan hepatic lipase. Ditemukannya peningkatan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam post prandial (>I44mg/dL) pada subyek Child B dan C.

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Objective : to obtain data about the lipid profile and blood sugar level in patients with cirrhosis hepatic and its relation to the food intake and nutritional status. Place: Sumber Waras Hospital, West Jakarta Materials and methods: after receiving permission from the Medical committee of Sumber Waras hospital. Crosses sectional study was done with 140 cirrhosis hepatize patients (100 males and 40 females) as the subjects fulfilling the criteria set for the study. The data colleted consisted of age,sex,analysis of 3 days food consumption in the hospital, anthropometric measurements('[SF&MUAC), USG and blood laboratory examination (lipid profile, blood sugar fasting & 2 hours post prandial). The following tests were used for data analysis t -test, Mann whitney, Koimogorov-Smirnov and Pearson/Spearman rank. The results: Of the 140 subjects 59,3% fulfilled Child C critera who, based on MAMA parameter, were classified as Child B subjects (70,98 %) and Child C subjects (75,90) with muscle wasting. The lipid profile was as follows. Total cholesterol < 200mg/dL; LDL < 130 mgldL, HDL < 40 mg/dL and triglyceride <200 mg/dL in Child B and C subjects. The lipid profile of Child C subjects was lower than Child B(in extensive liver tissue damage synthesis is disturbed). There is no significant relation between the lipid profile and nutritional status, and between nutritional status with food intake. There is positive correlation between blood triglyceride level and food intake of Child 13 subjects and between blood HDL level with food intake of Child B subjects. There was also positive con-elation between fasting blood glucose level and 2 hours post prandial blood sugar. Conclusion: the low level of lipid profile of subject Child B and C subjects are assumed to be related insufficient food intake and muscle wasting besides extensive liver tissue damage which lead to a deficiency of a number of LCAT enzymes and hepatic lipase. The increase in the 2 hours post prandial blood glucose level (>140 mg/dL) of the Child B and C subjects.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: (1) mengetahui perubahan komposisi cairan tubuh dalam 24 jam pasca bedah pintas koroner dengan pintas jantung paru (BPK+PJP); (2) mengetahui besarya katabolisme protein dalam 24 jam pasca PBK+PJP; (3) mengetahui hubungan antara perubahan cairan infra sal (OS) dengan katabolisme protein.
Tempat: Unit Terapi Intensif Rumah Sakit Jantung Harapan Kita
Metodologi: Setelah mendapat persetujuan etik dari komite etik penelitian medis NCC, Harapan Kita Hospital, diperoleh 20 pasien laki-laki dengan BPK terencana. Volume cairan tubuh diukur dengan multiple frequency bioelecirical impedance (Dietosystem, Italy) pada frekuensi 1, 50, dan 100 kHz dengan menggunakan formula Guricci. Impedans diukur, 1 kali pra bedah dan 3 kali pasca bedah setiap 8 jam. Perubahan komposisi cairan tubuh dinilai dengan uji-t untuk 2 kelompok berpasangan. Nitrogen urea urin (NUU), kreatinin urin dan imbang nitrogen digunakan sebagai indikator katabolisme protein dengan menampung urin 8 jam pada interval yang sama dengan pe ukuran MFBIA Imbang nitrogen diperoleh dengan menghitung asupan dan NUU 24 jam pasta bedah. Hubungan antara perubahan cairan infra sel (CIS) dengan indikator katabolisme dihitung dengan uji korelasi Spearman Rank
Hasil: Nilai ZI00 adalah 479 5l, indeks impedans 57,3 cm2/Q, dan volume cairan tubuh total (CM') 33,1 L terdiri dari 44,0% cairan ekstra sel (CES) dan 56,0% CIS. Pra bedah pasien termasuk euvolemia. Intra bedah terjadi imbang cairan +1744 (826-4312) mL. Delapan jam pertama terjadi peningkatan bermakna dari cairan tubuh. Dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PJP terjadi peningkatan CTT 16,0%; CES 20,7%, dan CIS 13,0%. Peningkatan cairan masih dalam nilai euvolemia. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara perubahan volume cairan tubuh yang diukur dengan MFBIA dan imbang cairan. Median asupan selama 24 jam pasca bedah adalah 926 (127-1903) kkal dan 28 (0-69) g protein. Secara statistik terjadi peningkatan bermakna dari NUU pada 8 jam ketiga pasca BPK+PIP. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kreatinin urin pra bedah dan pasca bedah. Median imbang nitrogen -8{(-12,7) - (-1,6)} g. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara peningkatan volume CIS dan NUU (r - 0,57; p = 0,01).
Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan kompartemen cairan tubuh meningkat dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PJP. Katabolisme protein ringan terjadi dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PTP. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara peningkatan volume CIS dengan NUU, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menjelaskan hubungan ini, terutama pada pasien BPK+PJP".

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The Correlation Between Intra Cellular Water And Protein Catabolism After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Using Multiple Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance
Objective: (1) to investigate the changes of body water compartment within 24 hours after elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with extracorporeal circulation; (2) to observe protein catabolism within 24 hours after elective CABG with extracorporeal circulation, and (3) to correlate between the changes of intra cellular water (ICW) with protein catabolism indicators.
Location: Intensive Care Unit, Harapan Kita National Cardiac Center, Jakarta.
Subjects and Methods: Twenty male patients with coronary artery disease were recruited for the study. Impedance was measured at 1, 50, 100 kHz using multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance (Dietosystem, Italy) four times: at baseline, at the 1°, 2 and 3 8 hours after surgery. The volume of body water compartment was calculated using Guricci's formula. Urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) and urinary creatinine were assessed using 8-hour urine collection within 24-hour period. Nitrogen balance was calculated by subtracting nitrogen intake with urinary nitrogen. The correlation between the changes of ICW and protein catabolism indicators was tested with Spearman Rank Correlation.
Results: At the baseline, mean values of Ziw impedance and impedance index were 479 S~ and 57.3 cm21n, respectively. Mean total body water (TBW) was 33.1 ± 3.1 L or 48.8% of body weight, consist of 44.0% ECW and 56.0% ICW. This composition was classified as euvolemic. Median intra-operative fluid balance was 1744 (826-3412) mL. Significant increased in TBW, ECW, and ICW was observed at the 1' 8 hours. At the 3'a 8 hours after surgery, TRW, ECW, and ICW increased by 16.3%, 20.7%, and 12.8%, respectively, but the values were within desirable ranges. There was no correlation between TBW changes measured by MFBIA and calculated fluid balance. During 24 hours after surgery, median total energy intake was 926 (127-1903) kcal and protein intake was 28 (0-69) g. UUN increased significantly at the 3'd 8 hours after surgery. No significant difference in urinary creatinine was observed between before and after surgery. Nitrogen balance was -8 ((-12,7)-(-1.6)) g, and there was a negative correlation between ICW changes and NL-U (r = - 0.57; p = 0.01).

Conclusions: The current study indicates that changes of body water compartment occur during 24 hours after CABG, ICW increases within 24 hours after CABG. Mild protein catabolism occurs within 24 hours after CABG. ICW changes have negative correlation with NULL However further comprehensive study is needed to explain this association, especially in CABG patients.

Abstrak :
Tujuan :untuk mendapatkan data kadar vitamin C plasma dan humor akuos penderita katarak senilis dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Tempat : Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Mata RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Metodologi : suatu studi korelasi, dengan subjek 123 penderita katarak senilis yang menjalani operasi katarak, dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Data meliputi data umum, gradasi katarak, pola dan asuhan makan ditentukan dengan metode tanya ulang 2x24jam dan FFQ serta pemeriksaan kadar vitamin C plasma dan humor akuos menggunakan spektrofotometri. Hasil : Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi suplemen vitamin C terdapat pada 26% subjek. Pola makan dan asupan vitamin C dengan kriteria kurang pada 62,6% dan 52,9% subjek. Median kadar vitamin C plasma 0,545 (0,203 - 1,986) mgldL dan humor akuos 16,753 (3,528 - 37,505) mg/dL, Penderita katarak gradasi III mempunyai kadar vitamin C plasma yang tertinggi, sedangkan di humor akuosnya terendah. Terdapat korelasi positif antara vitamin C plasma dengan asupan zat gizi (energi, protein dan serat) dan vitamin C humor akuos. Terdapat hubungan antara pola makan, asupan zat gizi, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi suplemen vitamin C dengan gradasi katarak. Kadar vitamin C plasma > 0,7 mg/dL (batas risiko katarak) yang diperoleh dari asupan vitamin C 140 mg/hari mempunyai hubungan dengan gradasi katarak. Kesimpulan : Tidak( ada subjek penelitian yang menderita defisiensi vitamin C. Kadar vitamin C humor akuos pada katarak gradasi III lebih rendah dibanding gradasi lanjut kemungkinan dikarenakan sejumlah serat-serat lensa masih aktif menggunakannya. Pola makan yang baik, asupan vitamin C > 140 mg/hari dan kebiasaan mengkonsumsi suplemen vitamin C lebih banyak ditemukan pada penderita katarak gradasi awal. Dibutuhkan asuhan vitamin C lebih tinggi dari AKG untuk menunda progresivitas katarak.

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Purpose: to identify the plasma and aqueous humor level of vitamin C in senile cataract patient and related factors. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Material and Method: A correlation study of 123 consecutive samples of senile cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery. Data were collected include demographic profiles, cataract grades, assessment of dietary profile and intake by food recall 2x24 hours question and FFQ, vitamin C level in plasma and aqueous humor, analyzed by spectrophotometer method. Result: Subject who regularly consumed vitamin C supplement was up to 26%. Poor dietary profile and vitamin C intake were found on 62.6% and 52.9% of the subject respectively. The median of vitamin C level in plasma was 0.545 (0.203-1.986) mg/dL and in aqueous humor was 16.753 (3.528-37.505) mg/dL. The highest median plasma level along with the lowest median aqueous humor level of vitamin C was found on cataract grade 3. Plasma level of vitamin C had a positive correlation with a variety of nutrient intake (energy, protein and fiber) and vitamin C level in aqueous humor. The grade of lens opacities was associated with dietary profile, intake of nutrient, vitamin C supplement consumption. Plasma level of vitamin C higher than 0.7 mg/dL during vitamin C intake of 140 mg per day was related with the grade of lens opacities. Conclusion: None of these senile cataract patients was vitamin C deficient. The aqueous humor level of vitamin C in cataract grade 3 was lower than in other grades. It is assumed that numerous healthy lens fibers are still active utilizing the vitamin C in aqueous humor. Fine dietary profile, high vitamin C intake (>140 mg/dL) and regular consumption of vitamin C supplement were associated with grades of cataract. It is suggested to increase vitamin C intake higher than RDA in order to prevent the progression of cataract.

Abstrak :
A single blind intervention study for 9 weeks was conducted in Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat, Center Jakarta. This was to determine the effects of micronutrient supplementation an the immune status and hand grip strength of the free-living male elderly aged 60 -75 years old. The total number of subjects at baseline study were 97 male elderly, which were then randomly assigned into 49 subjects in the supplemented group and 48 subjects in the placebo group. The percentage of T-suppresor cells of the micronutrient supplemented group increased significantly from 28.3 % to 30.7 %. The absolute counts of immune status also increased. In the micronutrient supplemented group TLC , T- cells, T -Helper cells, T-suppresor and NK-cells increased significantly after 9 week micromttrient supplementation. However compared to the placebo group only TLC ( 787.4 vs 287.0), T-cells (453.2 vs 160.3), and T- suppresor cells (183.7 vs 57.4) showed significant improvement. The hand grip strength as expressed by the lefthand, right hand and sum of both values remained similar to baseline. The serum zinc and-retinol of the supplemented group significantly increased after nine weeks micronutrient supplementation (13.7 to 18.8 umol/L and 1.10 to 1.42 umol/L, respectively). The changes of serum zinc and retinol were significantly higher in the supplemented group compared to the placebo group. The micronutrients status (serum retinol and serum Zinc) had increased in the supplemented group and lead to lower prevalence of hyporetinolemia and hypozincemia. The improvement of the immune status in the micronutrient supplemented group were not correlated with the serum retinol and zinc. However in the placebo group the change of serum retinol had negative correlation with the T-cel/, T helper and T -suppresor.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan kadar magnesium serum dan asupan magnesium dengan hipertensi, serta hubungan magnesium serum, asupan magnesium dan tekanan darah dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, pada orang dewasa > 35 tahun. Tempat: Kecamatan Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta Selatan Bahan dan cara : Studi cross sectional dilakukan pada 105 subyek pria dan wanita > 35 tahun yang dipilah secara simple random sampling dari sampel MONICA Jakarta 2000. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi: data umum subyek, asupan makanan, antropometri, tekanan darah, pemeriksaan laboratorium (kadar magnesium serum, kreatinin serum dan gula darah puasa). Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anova dan t- tes. Hasil : Hipertensi didapatkan pada 40 % subyek dan makin banyak pada kelompok umur yang lebih tua. Sebanyak 38,8% subyek pria dan 55,4% subyek wanita mempunyai asupan magnesium kurang, Hipomagnesemia lebih sering terjadi pada subyek hipertensi daripada subyek tidak hipertensi. Dari hasil analisis bivariat, didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara :1) perilaku gizi dengan pola makan, 2) umur dan pola makan dengan asupan magnesium, 3) umur dengan tekanan sistolik, 4) asupan protein dengan tekanan darah sistolik, 5) asupan magnesium dengan tekanan darah diastolik dan hipertensi. Rata-rata kadar Mg serum lebih rendah pada subyek hipertensi, namun tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar Mg serum dengan hipertensi. Simpulan : Defisit asupan magnesium didapatkan pada semua subyek dan terutama berhubungan dengan pola makan yang kurang baik. Kurangnya asupan magnesium makanan dan rendahnya magnesium serum dapat menjadi salah satu faktor penunjang hipertensi. ......The Relationship Between Serum And Dietary Magnesium With Hypertension And The Influential Factors In Adults In Mampang Prapatan District, JakartaObjective: to determine the relationship between serum and dietary magnesium with hypertension, and the relationship between serum magnesium, dietary magnesium and blood pressure with the influential factors in age > 35 year. Location: Mampang Prapatan District, South Jakarta. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study had been carried out among 105 subjects selected by simple random sampling method. The collected information consist of socioeconomic status, smoking and physical activities, dietary intake, anthropometric, blood pressure and laboratory examinations for serum magnesium, creatinine serum and fasting blood glucose. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi Square, Fisher's exact, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anova and t -test. Results: Hypertension was found in 40 % subjects and more prevalent in older groups. Low level of magnesium intake was found in 38,8 % men and 55,4% women. Hypomagnesaemia was more prevalent in hypertensive subjects than in non-hypertensive. Bivariat analysis found significant relationships between :1) nutritional behavior with food pattern, 2) age and food pattern with dietary magnesium intake,3) age with systolic blood pressure, 4) dietary protein intake with systolic blood pressure, 4) dietary magnesium intake with diastolic blood pressure and hypertension. The average serum magnesium level was lower in hypertensive subjects, but no significant relationship between serum Mg levels with hypertension. Conclusions: Dietary magnesium deficit was found in all of subjects, especially associated with the poor food pattern. The reduced level in magnesium diets and the low level of magnesium serum could be a responsible factor in the development of hypertension.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian nutrisi enteral dini (NED) terhadap stres metabolisme pada penderita luka bakar, dalam rangka mencari alternafif penatalaksanaan nutrisi pada penderita luka bakar. Tempat: Unit Luka Bakar RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Bahan dan cara: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinik pada penderita luka bakar berusia 18 - 60 tahun dengan luka bakar derajat dua seluas 20 - 60% luas permukaan tubuh (LPT). Sepuluh subyek perlakuan diberi Nutrisi Enteral Dini/NED mulai ≤8 jam pasca trauma, sedangkan 10 subyek kontrol diberi nutsisi enteral/oral 24 jam pasca trauma. Stres metabolisme dideteksi dengan pemeriksaan kadar hormon kortisol serum, glukosa darah dan nitrogen urea urin (NUU). Sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan kortisol dan glukosa diambil pada hari ke 1, 7 dan 12. Urin untuk pemeriksaan NUU di kumpulkan selama 24 jam pada hari ke 3, 7 dan 12. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Mann Whitney U untuk kadar kortisol, NUU dan glukosa darah. Batas kemaknaan yang digunakan 0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kadar kotisol dan NUU, namun demikian pada hari ke 12 tampak penurunan kadar NUU lebih tajam pada kelompok perlakuan. Pada kelompok kontrol justru meningkat Kadar glukosa darah pada hari 12 menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p = 0, 04). Kesimpulan: Pemberian NED berhasil menekan stres metabolisme yang terjadi pada penderita luka bakar derajat dua berdasarkan parameter glukosa darah. ......Objective: To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the metabolic stress in burned patients, in respect to looking for the alternative of nutrition management in burned patients. Place: Burn Unit RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Materials and methods: This study was randomized clinical trial was conducted on 18 - 60 years subjects with 20 - 60% total body surface area (FBSA) of second degree burned. Ten subjects were given enteral nutrition started g 8 hours post burn, while 10 control subjects were given enteral/oral nutrition 24 hours post burn. Metabolic stress was detected by measuring of serum cortisol, blood glucose level, and urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) level. Blood samples for cortisol and glucose level were taken on day 1, 7 and 12 Twenty four hours collected urine for UUN level were taken on day 3, 7 and 12. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann Whitney U test for cortisol level, NUU and glucose level. The level of significance was 0, 05. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups based on serum cortisol and UUN levels, however, the level o UUN of the day 12 decreased in the study group, while it increased in the control group. A significant difference was found of blood glucose between these two groups (p = 0, 04) on day 12. Conclusion: The administration of EEN reduced the metabolic stress of second degree burned patients express by blood glucose parameter.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengurangi risiko PKV di Indonesia dengan menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan apolipoprotein B melalui pemberian serat larut β-glukan Tempat: P.T. National Gobel, Bogor. Bahan dan Cara: Penelitian eksperimental dengan disain pre dan post test, dengan subyek penelitian pria, usia > 40 tahun, kadar kolesterol total 220-300 mg/dL, tidak menderita hipotiroid, gangguan hati, sindroma nefrotik, diabetes melitus dan tidak mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol. Subyek penelitian diberikan 75 g oatmeal yang mengandung 3,5 g serat larut β-glukan setiap hari selama 42 hari. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data sosiodemografi, pemeriksaan antropometri, data asupan makan sebelum dan selama penelitian, pola makan dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B plasma sebelum dan sesudah penelitian. Hasil : Data sosiodemografi menunjukkan sebagian besar subyek mempunyai aktivitas ringan, berpendidikan sedang dan mempunyai penghasilan di atas garis kemiskinan. Data antropometri menunjukkan IMT dan rasio Lpe/Lpa sebelum dan sesudah penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05), sedangkan pada Lpe terjadi penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Penilaian pola makan subyek penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar subyek mempunyai pola makan yang cukup. Asupan energi dan zat gizi sebelum dan selama penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05), kecuali asupan serat yang meningkat bermakna (p<0,05) selama penelitian. Persentase asupan energi dan zat gizi bila dibandingkan dengan yang dianjurkan, antara lain didapatkan persentase asupan lemak jenuh lebih dari yang dianjurkan sedangkan asupan serat kurang dari yang dianjurkan. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B sesudah penelitian menunjukkan penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,01). Kesimpulan: Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi pada subyek penelitian kemungkinan disebabkan asupan lemak jenuh yang tinggi dan asupan serat yang rendah. Pemberian 75 g oatmeal selama 42 hari terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B. ......SubjectsObjectives: To reduce CVD risks in Indonesia by reducing the elevated plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotien B level with β-glucan soluble fiber. Location: P.T. National Gabel, Bogor. Material and Method: Experimental study with pre and post test design bad been carried out on male subjects age > 40 years, with total cholesterol concentration 220 to 300 mg/dl, not suffer from hypothyroid, liver disorder, nephritic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and did not take any cholesterol reducing agents. Subjects were given 75 g of oatmeal (contain 3.5 g β-glucan soluble fiber) daily for 42 days. The data collected before and during the study were sociodemographic data, anthropometric and food intake. Eating pattern, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B plasma level were also recorded before and after the study. Result: Socio-demographic data showed that most of the subjects have light activities, moderate education and have monthly income per capita above the poverty line. Anthropometric data showed that BMI and WHR did not differ significantly before and after the study. Eating pattern assessment showed that most of the subjects had moderate eating pattern. Energy and nutrient intake before and after the study did not significantly different (p>0,05) except for fiber intake which increased significantly (p<0,05) during the study. Percentage of nutrient and energy intake compared with recommended showed that saturated fat intake is higher while fiber intake is lower. The study showed a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Conclusion: High cholesterol level in the subjects was likely brought about by high saturated fat and low fiber intakes consumption of 75 g oatmeal daily for 42 days showed to lower the concentration of the plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan analisa data sekunder dari data penelitian mengenai Pola Pemberian Makan, Masukan Makanan, dan Status Gizi Anak Umur 0 - 23 bulan di Indramavu. Jawa Barat 1997. Desain Penelitian adalah Cross Sectional. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara praktek pemberian makan dan karakteristik lain dengan status gizi bayi usia 6-11 bulan di Kecamatan Gabus Wetan dan Kecamatan Sliyeg, Kabupaten Indramayu tahun 1997. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 10,8 % bayi umur 6-11 bulan memiliki status gizi kurang. Sebagian besar (88,7 %) bayi diberikan ASI, 83,3 % diberikan kolostrum dan 86.8% memiliki pola makan ASI dengan makanan tambahan. Gambaran lain dari hasil penelitian ini adalah masih tingginya penyakit infeksi (44,1 %) dan rendahnya tingkat pendidikan ibu ( SD = 89,2 %). Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya dilakukan upaya peningkatan dan perbaikan praktek pemberian makan pada bayi, perbaikan kesehatan lingkungan, serta menggalakkan pemberian ASI dan sosialisasi penggunaan MP ASI yang memenuhi syarat gizi dan annan untuk mencegah terjadinya gizi kurang pada bayi.

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The study analized data from survey on Feeding Pattern, Nutritional Intake, and Nutritional Status among Children 0-23 months in Indramayu, West Java, 1997. This study is a cross sectional study and the goal of this research is to get information about feeding practice and other determine factors of infant nutritional status 6-11 months old at Gabuswetan and Sliyeg subdistrict of Indramayu, 1997. The study revealed that infant 6-11 months with malnutrition were 10,8 %. 88.7 % infant were breastfeed, 83,3 % have cholostrum, and 86,8 % with breastfed with weaning foods. The other results of this study are prevalence of infectious diseases remain high (44.1 %), and most of the mothers have low educational level (5 SD = 89.2 °ro). Base on the study, it is suggested to give more attention to feed pattern practice infant 6 - 11 months, health environment rehabilitation, and also to promote and socialize breast feeding and the useful of weaning food to prevent malnutrition.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penurunan berat badan terhadap kadar asam urat plasma dan urin subjek dengan berat badan lebih. Tempat: Sebuah pusat kebugaran di Kelapa Gading, Jakarta Utara Metodologi: Dilakukan penelitian pada 26 perempuan peserta program penurunan berat badan (BB) yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen kuasi pra dan pasca perlakuan tanpa pembanding. Tiap subjek mendapat diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga aerobik selama 12 minggu. Diet rendah kalori seimbang diberikan berdasarkan pengurangan kalori sebesar 1000 kkal/hari. Dengan perhitungan keluaran energi selama olahraga aerobik yang diprogramkan berkisar antara 200-400 kkal/hari, diet yang diberikan kira-kira 800-1100 kkal/hari. Sebelum diberikan olahraga aerobik dilakukan tes Cooper untuk menilai kemampuan maksimal tiap subjek dalam berolahraga. Olahraga aerobik diberikan dengan intensitas 60-80% kemampuan maksimal, lama latihan 60 merit; dan frekuensi 5 kali seminggu Pemeriksaan antropometri dan kadar asam urat dilakukan pada awal, minggu ke 2, dan akhir perlakuan. Hasil Terjadi penurunan BB secara signifikan (p<0,05; uji t berpasangan) dan 74,30 ± 10,48 kg menjadi 65,31 ± 8,56 kg (penurunan 12,10%); penurunan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) secara signifikan (p<0,05) dari 29,79 ± 4,28 menjadi 26,19 ± 3,41 kglm2 (pemmman 12,08%); dan penurunan massa lemak (ML) secara signifikan (p<0,05) Bari 36,21 ± 2,80 menjadi 25,97 ±2,94% (penurunan 28,28%). Pada minggu ke 2 terjadi peningkatan kadar asam urat plasma dan urin, masing-masing dari 5,40 ± 1,29 menjadi 5,96 ± 1,44 mg/dL (peningkatan 10,37%) dan dari 542,23 ± 179,39 menjadi 583,15 ± 202,35 mg/dL (peningkatan 7,55%). Setelah perlakuan 12 minim' terjadi penurunan kadar asam urat plasma dan urin yang signifikan (p<0,05) masing-masing dari 5,40 ± 1,29 menjadi 4,39 t 1,21 mg/dL (penurunan 18,70%) dan dari 542,23 ± 179,39 menjadi 479,06 ± 134,73 rng/dL (pemurumn 11,60%). Penurunan berat badan mempunyai korelasi lemah dengan penurunan kadar asam urat plasma (r = 0,32) dan penurunan kadar asam urat urin (r = 0,33) namun tidak signifikan (p >0,05). Dengan uji multivariat didapat korelasi positif atas peningkatan kadar asam urat plasma minggu ke 2 dengan BB awal. Penurunan kadar asam urat plasma pada akhir penelitian mempunyai korelasi positif dengan person ML akhir perlakuan. Penurunan kadar asam carat urin akhir perlakuan berkorelasi positif dengan asupan protein awal, serta berkorelasi negatif dengan clearance asam urat swat. Kesimpulan: Pada proses penurunan berat badan dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga aerobik, kadar asam urat plasma dan urin mula-mula akan meningkat, kemudian menurun mencapai kadar yang lebih rendah daripada kadar awal.

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Effects of Weight Reduction by Balanced Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) and Aerobic Exercise on Plasma and Urinary Uric Acid Levels of Overweight WomenObjective: To investigate the effects of weight reduction on plasma and urinary uric acid levels of overweight subjects Place: One fitness centre at Ketapa Gading, North Jakarta Methods: Twenty six overweight women were studied in a pre and posttest, using control group as the same subjects as the treatment group. Subjects received a balanced LCD and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Balanced LCD was given based on energy deficit 1000 kcal/day. Energy expenditure from aerobic exercise was 200 to 400 kcal and the subject were given diet of 800-1100 kcallday. All subjects had to undergo Cooper test for designing the aerobic exercise program. The intensity of the aerobic exercise was 60-80% of maximum capacity with duration of 60 minutes 5 days a week Anthropometric measurements and plasma and urinary uric acid were examined at the beginning, second week and after the treatment Results: Balanced LCD and aerobic exercise given for 12 week significantly (p<0.05; paired t test) decreased body weight (BW), body mass index (BM), and fat mass from 74.30 ± 10.48 kg to 65.31 ± 8.56 kg (decreased 12.10%), from 29.79 ± 4.28 to 26.1.9 ± 3.41 kg/m2 (12.08%), and from 36.21 ± 2.80 to 25.97 ± 2.94% (28.28%) respectively. In the second week, plasma and urinary uric acid levels increased from 5.40 ± 129 to 5.96 ± 1.44 mg/dL (10.7%) and from 542.23 ± 179.39 to 583.15 ± 202.35 mg/dL (7.55%). After 12 weeks of treatment, plasma and urinary uric acid levels decreased significantly (p<0,05) from 5.40 ± L29 to 4.39 ± 1.21 mg/dL (18.70%), and from 542.23 ± 179.39 to 479.06 ± 134.73 mg/dL (11.60%) respectively. There was a weak correlation between weight reduction and plasma (r = 0.32) and urinary uric acid levels (r = 0.33), but not significant (p X0.05). With multivariate analysis, there was a positive correlation between increased plasma uric acid level with BW before treatment There was a positive correlation between decreased of plasma uric acid after treatment with fat mass after treaatment (%). There was a positive correlation between decreased after treatment urinary uric acid level and before treatment protein intake, and had a negative correlation with before treatment uric acid clearance. Conclusions: In the process of weight reduction with balance LCD and aerobic exercise, plasma and urinary uric acid levels increased in the second week, and decreased to the levels lower than the base line at the end of treatment.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui profil lipid dan kadar Apo-B serta hubungannya dengan asupan makanan dan faktor lain. Tempat : Kecamatan Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta Selatan Bahan dan cara : Penelitian desain cross sectional pada 105 subyek berusia≥ 35 tahun yang dipilih secara simple random sampling dari sampel MONICA III-Jakarta. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data sosioekonomi subyek, asupan makanan, antropometri serta pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, trigliserida dan Apo-B. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji X2, Fisher dan Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil dan kesimpulan : Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 49 laki dan 56 perempuan, dengan rerata umur 54,39 ± 10,72 tahun. Rerata kadar kolesterol total 209 ± 40,5 mg/dL, Nilai tengah kadar LDL 137,0 (58,0 - 223,0) mg/dL; kadar HDL 40,0 (23,0 - 77,0) mg/dL; kadar trigliserida 130,0 (27,0 - 340,0 mg/dL) dan kadar Apo-B 106,0 (44,0 - 172,0 mg/dL). Prevalensi kadar kolesterol total abnormal (≥ 200 mg/dL) sebesar 55,2%; kadar LDL abnormal (≥ 130 mg/dL) 60%; kadar HOL abnormal (< 40 mg/dL) 43,8%; kadar trigliserida abnormal (≥200 mg/dL) 13,3% dan kadar Apo-B abnormal ditemukan 25,7%. Dari hasil analisis bivariat didapat hubungan bermakna antara (I) kadar kolesterol total dengan jenis kelamin dan IMT, (2) kadar HDL dengan asupan PUFA, jenis kelamin dan umur, (3) kadar LDL dengan umur, 1MT dan Lpe/Lpa, (4) kadar trigliserida dengan Lpe/Lpa, dan (5) kadar ApoB dengan asupan protein, jenis kelamin, DM dan Lpe/Lpa. Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat terlihat hubungan bermakna antara (1) kolesterol total dengan asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein dan Lpe/Lpa, (2) kadar HDL dengan jenis kelamin, (3) kadar trigliserida dengan Lpe/Lpa, dan (4) kadar ApoB dengan Lpe/Lpa dan asupan karbohidrat.

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Relationship between Serum Lipid Profile and Apo-B With Dietary Intake and Other Factors of Adult in Mampang Prapatan District, 2000Objective: To determine serum lipid profile and apoB and its relationship to dietary intake and other factors. Location: Mampang Prapatan District, South Jakarta Materials and method: A cross sectional study has been carried out on 105 subjects (age ≥ 35 year), selected using simple random sampling method from MONICA III-Jakarta's sample. Data collected consist of socio-economic status, dietary intake, anthropometric, and laboratory examinations for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride and apoB. Statistical analysis was performed by X2, Fisher exact and Kolrnogorov-Smirnov test. Results and conclusions: Subjects in this study were 49 male and 56 female with average age 54.39 ± 10.72 year. Mean cholesterol level was 209 ± 40.5 mg/dL, median LDL level 137.0 (58.0 - 223.0 mg/dL), median HDL level 40.0 (23.0 - 77.0) mg/dL, median triglyceride level 130.0 (27.0 - 340.0) mg/dL, and median apoB level 106.0 (44.0 - 172.0) mg/dL. Prevalence of abnormal total cholesterol level (≥ 200 mg/dL) 55.2%, abnormal LDL level (≥ 130 mg/dL) 60%, abnormal HDL level (< 40 mg/dL) 43.8%, abnormal triglyceride level (≥ 200 mg/dL) 13,3%, and abnormal apoB level 25.7%. Bivariate analysis found significant relationship between (1) total cholesterol level and sex & BMI, (2) HDL level and PUFA intake, sex & age, (3) LDL level and age, BMI & WHR, (4) triglyceride level and WHR, (5) apoB level and protein intake, sex, DM & WHR. Multivariate analysis found significant relationship between (1) total cholesterol level and carbohydrate intake, protein intake and WHR, (2) HDL level and sex, (3) triglyceride level and WHR, (4) apoB level and WHR and carbohydrate intake.