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"Dalam penelitian ini penulis membuat program Pengenalan Obyek ( Object Recognition ) mulai dari obyek yang berupa image, hingga mendapatkan parameter-parametemya (ciri-cirinya) sampai pada proses pengenalannya dengan Neural Network. Untuk proses pengenalan obyek dengan Neural Network penulis menggunakan Multi-Layer Back Propagation Neural Network Simulator. Persoalan yang paling penting dalam proses pengenalan obyek dua dimensi adalah pemilihan parameter (ciri) yang tidak.dipengaruhi oleh proses skala, rotasi dan translasi pada obyek berbentuk kontur (keliling garis tepi pada obyek). Pada tesis ini parameter pengenalan obyek digunakan Fourier Descriptors dan diaplikasikan untuk mengenali obyek (mobil) dua dimensi. Penelitian dimulai dengan pengambilan gambar obyek mobil yang diambil pada arah tegak lurus dari samping mobil dan berakhir pada proses pengenalan yang menggunakan Neural Network dengan menggunakan teknik back propagation."

"Sistem komunikasi serat optik pada saat ini mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting karena keunggulan-keunggulannya di bandingkan dengan sistem komunikasi yang lain. Untuk dapat mengetahui kinerja sistem serat optik tersebut maka perlu di ketahui parameter transmisinya antara lain, yaitu rugi rambatan (loss) dan pelebaran pulsa (dispersi). Dalam tesis ini dilakukan perancangan dan pembuatan peralatan untuk mengukur parameter transmisi serat optik dengan menggunakan metoda back-scatter, atau yang lebih dikenal dengan optical time domain reflectrometer (OTDR) sinyal keluaran analog sebagai hasil ukur dari OTDR disampling dan dirubah dalam bentuk digital untuk kemudian di proses didalam personal computer untuk dilakukan penghitungan besar loss dan dispersinya. Dari sampel serat optik jenis moda tunggal (single mode) yang diukur dengan peralatan tersebut didapat hasil pengukuran loss : 4,29 dB/km dan dispersinya sebesar 4 µs/km."

"ABSTRACTThe combination of the coupled mode and normal mode theories has been used to formulaic the theoretical performance represented by the coupling length and crosstalk parameters of the X-cut APE-LN SDC fabricated using the benzoic acid as the proton source, where in this case the matrix effective refractive index (MERI) method is applied for solving the symmetric and antisymmetric propagation constants of the normal modes propagating in this device. The corresponding near field method has been used to experimentally determine its crosstalk. The actual performance of this device is characterized by comparing the theoretically calculated with the experimentally determined crosstalk parameters. A software computer program has been developed in order to numerically characterize the entire characteristic and performance of the SDC under study. For the SDC under study, the best crosstalk obtained at the operating wavelength lamda =1.3 micrometer is ~0.21 dB for the interaction length L = 6 mm and the gap separation g = 5 mm. Its coupling length is ~ 1.33 mm. The propagation constant of the corresponding individual single-mode X-cut APE-LN channel waveguide making up this SDC is beta = 10.37901 micrometer, and thereby its effective refractive index is N cπ= 2.14743330. It has been shown that the fabricated SDC is very lossy. It has been deduced that its bad performance predominantly caused by the side diffusion effect, corresponding to the fabrication problem, where in this case the substrate sample has been not coated first with the buffer layer when the deposition of substrate sample with the aluminum mask was to be performed in the fabrication stages. Moreover, in this case only the simple annealing has been performed. The successive annealing process in order to reduce the coupling loss has been not applied yet. Under the assumption that the fabrication tolerances are such that the practical devices with coupling loss below 0.25 dB are feasible, the fabricated SDC under study is a 3 dB coupler. "

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari eksperimen yang dilakukan adalah untuk menyelidiki hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pembentukan plasma, yakni zat yang tersusun dari muatan-muatan listrik bebas berupa ion-ion positif dan elektron elektron negatif yang jumlahnya nyaris sama.Plasma yang digunakan dalam eksperimen terbentuk dari udara laboratorium yang di iradiasi dengan berkas laser energi tinggi ( IJ - 2J ) dalam sebuah chamber yang dilengkapi dengan suatu rangkaian listrik DC.Dengan memberikan beda tegangan tertentu antara dua elektrode yang berada dalam chamber, maka elektron-elektron dari plasma yang berada diantara kedua elektrode tersebut akan ditarik oleh elektrode positif dan menimbulkan arus listrik pada resistor yang ada dalam rangkaian. Besar arus listrik yang mengalir ini dapat ditentukan harganya dengan cara mengukur besar tegangan pada resistor menggunakan cathode ray oscilloscope.Chamber yang merupakan kotak tertutup berisi plasma yang diamati, dilengkapi dengan pengukur tekanan, dan di hubungkan ke sebuah pompa vakum.Dengan memvariasi besar tekanan udara dalam chamber, jarak antar elektrode, beda tegangan antara elektrode, maupun besar energi laser, dapat diperoleh harga besaran-besaran fisis yang diselidiki, juga korelasi-korelasi antara suatu besaran fists, dengan besaran fists lainnya.

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ABSTRACT

An investigation has been conducted on the formation of plasma generated by focusing an intense Laser radiation.

A high voltage from DC source is used to trigger electrical breakdown between two electrodes which an air of laboratory will be investigated.

The electrical breakdown caused by laser radiation observed by measuring the voltage of pick up resistor in the electrical circuit. The value of electric current flows in resistor can be calculated from the value of voltage, it expresses the amount of electrons flow from plasma. By variating air pressure in the chamber, distance between two electrodes, potential difference between two electrodes, and laser energy, we can find correlations between: air pressure versus breakdown probability, air pressure versus electron number density, Laser energy versus electron number density, electric field per pressure versus electron drift velocity, etc."

"The advantages optical fiber in communication field are widely utilized in developing steps from electrical communication to optical communication. Optical fiber communication promise extremely high data rate over long distance transmission without needing to amplify and retransmit along the way. It is well understood that if frequency of the transmitted signals. is increased some problems such as electromagnetic interferences. crosstalk and signal distortions will appear. Those difficulties can. be solved or eliminated by using optical fiber cable. instead of copper cable.Optical fiber used to transmit and to receive information signal mutinously was usually separated in difference fibers for transmitting and receiving direction. I n this thesis a bi-directional transmission system through a single fiber with same wavelength by the use of rod lenses was constructed. A simple circuit design techniques have been used in order to make transmitter and receiver. To combine and to separate transmitter and receiver in each side to and from the fiber, two quarter-pitch GRIN rod lenses functioning as optical directional coupler was used.The result of the experiment as a model of bi-directional optical communication system shows a good performance with an appropriate reliability. The measurement results of power distribution loss. crosstalk and signal transmission quality that have been evaluated to conclude the entire result."

"ABSTRACT

We proposed a method for measuring the temperature by using Mach - Zehnder Interferometer, one arms of Mach - Zehnder Interferometer was used as a test arms which was disturbed by an object, it's temperature was to be measured. In our experiment, we used a combustion flame and a heated welder with temperature variation as a testing object.

System, contains He - Ne laser source, two beams splatters and two mirrors which form two arms of interferometer, with a length of 1,06 meter.

The experiment results shows that the variation of temperature could give the difference of fringe spacing at the screen. Several photographs of fringe pattern on the screen have been successfully taken on both under temperature disturbance and normal condition.

The comparison between the fringe spacing under those two conditions could give the information about temperature of the testing objects.

This result was also compared with the measurement using thermocouple with digital display. This comparison gives us a good agreement."