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"Latar belakang: Laporan mengenai hubungan obesitas dan GERD semakin meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Dengan meningkatnya pemahaman mengenai mekanisme GERD, diketahui terdapat peran sitokin proinflamasi dan adipositokin yang banyak terdapat di jaringan lemak viseral. Pada beberapa populasi di dunia, ketebalan lemak viseral diketahui berhubungan dengan meningkatnya insiden esofagitis erosif.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil ketebalan lemak viseral pasien GERD di RSCM.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada 56 subyek GERD. Subyek direkrut secara konsekutif pada bulan April hingga Oktober 2018 di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Pemilihan subyek GERD berdasarkan Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaires(GERDQ) dan pengukuran tebal lemak viseral menggunakan ultrasonografi. Erosi esofagus ditegakkan berdasarkan hasil endoskopi saluran cerna bagian atas. Analisis bivariat digunakan untuk menentukan perbedaan ketebalan lemak viseral antara grup esofagitis dan non-esofagitis.Hasil: Lebih dari separuh subyek penelitian ini menderita erosive reflux disease(ERD) (55,4%), didominasi oleh pasien dengan esofagitis kelas A berdasarkan klasifikasi Los Angeles sebanyak 64,5%. Rerata ketebalan lemak viseral grup NERD sedikit lebih rendah daripada grup ERD (47,9 mm untuk NERD dan 49,0 mm utk ERD). Terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan rerata ketebalan lemak viseral seiring dengan peningkatan derajat esofagitis (47,6 mm untuk esofagitis derajat A, 50,0 mm untuk esofagitis derajat B, dan 53,5 mm untuk esofagitis derajat C).Kesimpulan: Subjek ERD lebih banyak daripada NERD pada populasi GERD di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Rerata ketebalan lemak viseral subjek NERD lebih rendah daripada ERD. Terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan rerata ketebalan lemak viseral seiring dengan peningkatan derajat esofagitis.

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Background: Reports about thecorrelation between obesity and GERD had been increasedin the past few years. Along with the increasing understanding of GERD, there are roles of proinflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines which are mostly contained in abdominal fat tissue. In several populations, visceral fat thicknessis associated with the increased incidence of erosive esophagitis.

Objective: To determine visceral fat thickness profile in GERD population in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 56 adult patients with GERD symptoms was conducted. The subjects were recruited consecutively between April and Oktober 2018 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital in Jakarta. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaires (GERDQ) were used to select research subjects and Ultrasonography examination was used to determine visceral fat thickness. Esophageal erosions were diagnosed using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Bivariate analysis was used to determine visceral fat thickness difference between esophagitis and non-esophagitis group.

Results: More than half of this research subject were patients who suffer erosive reflux disease(55,4%), which dominated by patient with esophagitis class A, regarding to Los Angeles (LA) classifications, there were 64,5% of all ERD patients. The mean visceral fat thickness in erosive reflux disease (ERD) group slightly higher than in non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group (49,0 mm vs 47,9 mm respectively). There is an increasing trend in mean visceral fat thickness as the esophageal erosion progresses (47.6 mm for grade A, 50.0 mm for grade B, and 53,5 for grade C).

Conclusion: ERD is more common than NERD in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital's GERD population. The mean visceral fat thickness in ERD group is higher than in NERD group. There is an increasing trend in mean visceral fat thickness as the esophageal erosion progresses."

"Latar Belakang/Tujuan. Angka kematian dan kejadian metastasis kanker payudara cukup tinggi. Faktor metabolik termasuk resistensi insulin mempunyai peranan terhadap progresivitas kanker payudara namun terdapat hanya sedikit penelitian yang menilai hubungan resistensi insulin dengan kejadian metastasis kanker payudara. Terdapat hubungan yang erat antara beberapa variabel dalam kelompok pasca-menopause terhadap kejadian metastasis, pemberian terapi hormonal aromatase inhibitor dan kemoterapi terhadap nilai HOMA-IR. Mengetahui hubungan resistensi insulin yang dinilai menggunakan nilai homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) dengan kejadian metastasis kanker payudara.Metode. Studi potong lintang yang meneliti 150 pasien kanker payudara di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dan Rumah Sakit Siloam Mochtar Riady Comprehensive Cancer Centre (MRCCC) Jakarta dalam rentang waktu agustus 2019-april 2020. Terdapat 150 subjek penelitian, nilai titik potong HOMA-IR ditentukan dengan kurva receiver operating curve (ROC). Dilakukan analisis subgrup kelompok pasca menopause terhadap metastasis, terapi hormonal dan kemoterapi terhadap HOMA-IR.Hasil. Tidak didapatkan nilai titik potong optimal HOMA-IR terhadap kejadian metastasis (Area under curve (AUC) 0,50, P : >0,05, interval kepercayaan (IK) 95% : 0,406-0,593). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna variabel pasca-menopause dengan kejadian metastasis dan kemoterapi terhadap nilai HOMA-IR. Terdapat hubungan bermakna pemberian terapi hormonal aromatase inhibitor terhadap peningkatan nilai HOMA-IR, P : <0,01Simpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara resistensi insulin dengan kejadian metastasis pada pasien kanker payudara.

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Background/Purpose. Mortality and incidence rate of metastatic breast cancer is quite high.

Metabolic factors including insulin resistance have a role in the progression of breast cancer,

but there are only a few studies that assess the relationship of insulin resistance with the incidence of breast cancer metastases. There is a close relationship between variables in the postmenopausal group for the occurrence of metastases, administration of hormonal aromatase inhibitors and chemotherapy to the value of HOMA-IR. Knowing the relationship of insulin resistance which was assessed using the value of

the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with the incidence of metastatic breast cancer.

Method. A cross-sectional study examining 150 breast cancer patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital and Siloam Hospital Mochtar Riady Comprehensive Cancer Center Jakarta in August 2019-April 2020. There are 150 subjects research, the HOMA-IR cutoff value is determined by the receiver operating curve (ROC) curve. Postmenopausal subgroups were analyzed for metastases, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy for HOMA-IR.

Results. There was no optimal HOMA-IR cut off value for metastatic events (Area under curve (AUC) 0.50,

P:> 0.05, 95% confidence interval (IK): 0.406-0.593). There was no significant relationship between postmenopausal variables with the incidence of metastasis and chemotherapy on the value of HOMA-IR. There was a significant

relationship between the administration of hormonal aromatase inhibitor therapy to the increase of HOMA-IR value, P: <0.01"

"Latar Belakang. Kesintasan 3 tahun pasien KNF stadium lokal lanjut di Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan luar negeri. Prediktor alternatif dari rasio hemoglobin-trombosit (RHT) lebih sederhana, murah, dan stabil nilainya dibanding rasio dari komponen sel leukosit, namun belum ada studi yang meneliti perannya dalam memrediksi mortalitas tiga tahun pasien KNF stadium ini.Tujuan. Mengetahui peran RHT sebelum terapi dalam memrediksi kesintasan tiga tahun pasien KNF stadium lokal lanjut.Metode. Studi kohort retrospektif yang meneliti 289 pasien KNF stadium lokal lanjut yang diterapi di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam rentang waktu Januari 2012 - Oktober 2016. Nilai RHT optimal didapatkan menggunakan receiver operating curve (ROC). Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, di bawah dan di atas titik potong. Kurva Kaplan-Meier digunakan untuk menilai kesintasan tiga tahun dan dilakukan uji regresi Cox sebagai uji multivariat terhadap variabel perancu (usia > 60 tahun, stadium, jenis kelamin, dan indeks massa tubuh) untuk mendapatkan nilai adjusted hazard ratio (HR).Hasil. Nilai titik potong RHT optimal adalah 0,362 (AUC 0,6228, interval kepercayaan (IK) 95% : 0,56-0,69, sensitivitas 61,27%, spesifisitas 60,34%). 48,44% pasien memiliki nilai RHT <0,362 dan memiliki mortalitas tiga tahun lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok lainnya (50%vs31,54%). RHT < 0,362 secara signifikan memrediksi kesintasan tiga tahun (p = 0,003; HR 1,75; IK 95% 1,2-2,55). Pada analisis multivariat, RHT < 0,362 sebelum terapi merupakan faktor independen dalam memrediksi kesintasan tiga tahun pada pasien KNF stadium lokal lanjut (adjusted HR 1,82; IK 95% 1,25-2,65).Simpulan. RHT < 0,362 sebelum terapi dapat memrediksi kesintasan tiga tahun pasien KNF stadium lokal lanjut

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Background. The 3-year survival of locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients in Indonesia is lower than in foreign countries. Alternative predictors from the hemoglobin-platelet ratio (HPR) are easier, cheaper, and stable in value than the ratio of leukocyte cell components, but there are no study conducted to know its potential in predicting three-year survival in locally advanced

nasopharyngeal cancer.

Objective. To determine the role of pre-treatment hemoglobin to platelet ratio in predicting three-year survival of locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer patients.

Method. Retrospective cohort study that examined 289 locally advanced NPC patients who underwent therapy at the National Government General Hospital-Cipto Mangunkusumo from January 2012 to October 2016. HPR cut-off was determined using ROC, and then subjects were divided into two groups according to its HPR value. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to determine the three-year survival of the patients and cox regression test used as multivariate analysis with confounding variables in order to get adjusted hazard ratio (HR).

Results. The optimal cut-off for HPR was 0,362 (AUC 0,6228, 95% CI: 0,56-0,69, sensitivity 61,27%, specificity 60,34%). Patients with HPR < 0,362 occurred in 48, 44% and had higher three-year mortality (50% vs. 31, 54%). HPR <0.362 significantly predicted the three years of survival (p = 0,003; HR 1, 75; IK 95% 1, 2-2, 55). In multivariate analysis,

it was concluded that pre-treatment HPR < 0,362 was an independent factor in predicting three-year

survival in locally advanced NPC patients (adjusted HR 1, 82; IK 95% 1, 25-2, 65).

Conclusion. Pre-treatment HPR < 0, 362 could predict the three-year survival of locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer patients."

"Latar Belakang: Variabilitas hemoglobin (var-Hb) merupakan suatu fenomena fluktuasi kadar Hb dalam satuan waktu tertentu yang dialami oleh pasien penyakit ginjal kronikyang menjalani hemodialisis rutin (PGK-HD).Var-Hb telah diketahui sebagai prediktor independen luaran klinis buruk. Namun,faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan: Mengetahui besaran proporsi var-Hb pada pasien PGK-HD di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif yang melibatkan pasien GGK-HD berusia ≥18 tahun di Unit Hemodialisis RSCM. Faktor-faktor yang dinilai saat awal ialah kadar Hb, reticulocyte-hemoglobin equivalent(RET-He), albumin, fosfatase alkali, dan C-reactive protein (CRP)serum, serta adekuasi dialisis (Kt/V). Adanya perdarahan saluran cerna(termasuk darah samar feses), dosis erythropoietin-stimulating agent(ESA)dan zat besi, serta kejadian transfusi darah akan dicatat. Kadar Hb kemudian diperiksa setiap 4 minggu hingga 24 minggu pengamatan. Var-Hb dinilai dengan standar deviasi residual dan nilai ≥1,0dianggap sebagai var-Hb tinggi. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji bivariat sesuai jenis data, dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistikmultipel. Hasil: Sejumlah 127 subyek (rerata[SD]usia 49,06[15,1], perempuan 52%, rerata[SD]kadar Hb 9,75[1,00]g/dL) diikutsertakan dalam analisis. Proporsi subyek dengan var-Hb tinggi ialah 47,24%. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat dan multivariat, faktor yang mempengaruhi var-Hb adalah kadar RET-He(p=0,004), dosis ESA (p=0,032), dan kejadian transfusi darah (adjustedOR6,967, IK95% 2,74-17,71;p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Proporsi pasien PGK-HD di Indonesia yang memiliki var-Hb tinggi ialah 47,24%(IK95% 38,3-56,3%). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi var-Hb ialah kadar RET-He,dosis ESA, dan kejadian transfusi darah.

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Background: Hemoglobinvariability(Hb-var) is a phenomenon of Hb fluctuation during a course of time that is frequently observed in chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (CKD-HD)patients. Hb-varis now recognized asapredictor of poor clinical outcomes. However, factors that influence the Hb-var are not well understood.Objectives.This study was aimedto measure the proportion of Hb-var in CKD-HD patients in Indonesia and identify factors associated. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study involving CKD-HD patients aged ≥18 years old in Hemodialysis Unit in RSCM. Factors identified at baseline were serum levels of Hb,reticulocyte-hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He), albumin,alkalinephosphatase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V). Hb level was measured every 4 weeks until 24weeks of follow up. Any evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (including occult blood feces), erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) dosage, and blood transfusion werealsonoted. Hb-var was calculatedas the residual standardofdeviation, and value ≥1.0 was considered as high.Hypothesis testing was performed by bivariate analysis, thencontinued with multivariateanalysis using multiple regression logistic test. Results: As 127 subjects (mean[SD]of age 49.06[15.1], female 52%, mean[SD]of Hb 9.75[1.00]g/dL) were included in the analysis. The proportion of subjects with high Hb-var were 47.24%. According to bivariate and multivariate analysis, factors that determined Hb-var were RET-Helevels (p=0.004), ESA dosage (p=0.032), and blood transfusion (adjustedOR 6.967, 95%CI2.74-17.71,p<0.001). Conclusion: Theproportion of CKD-HD patients in Indonesia with high Hb-var was47.24% (95%CI 38.3-56.3%). Factors that determined Hb-var wereRET-Helevels, ESA dosage, and blood transfusion."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Konstipasi idiopatik kronik adalah masalah yang cukup banyak terjadi, dan berhubungan dengan proses inflamasi. Proses inflamasi yang diwakili oleh rasio neutrofil limfosit merupakan marker inflamasi yang cukup stabil dan banyak digunakan, dan diduga ada hubungannya dengan terjadinya gejala depresi.Tujuan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan rasio neutrofil limfosit dengan gejala depresi pada konstipasi idiopatik kronik.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang melibatkan pasien konstipasi idiopatik kronik berusia 18-59 tahun di populasi. Di saat bersamaan, dinilai gejala depresi dengan menggunakan Beck Depression Inventory-II kemudian diambil sampel darah untuk menilai rasio neutrofil limfosit. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Pearson.Hasil. Sebanyak 73 subyek didapatkan rerata (SB) usia adalah 40,29 (11,2) tahun, dengan proporsi perempuan 90,4%. Median RNL (min-maks) adalah 1,72 (0,27-7,18). Hasil analisis korelasi didapatkan hasil koefisien korelasi (r) = 0,028 (p = 0.811).Kesimpulan. Rasio neutrofil limfosit tidak berhubungan dengan gejala depresi pada konstipasi idiopatik kronik.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Chronic idiopathic constipation is a problem that is quite common and is related to the inflammatory process. Inflammation marker is represented by neutrophil lymphocyte ratio that is quite stable and widely used and is thought to have something to do with the occurrence odd depressive symptoms.Objectives. This study was aimed to determine relationship between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and depressive symptom in chronic idiopathic constipation.Methods. This was a cross sectional study involving chronic idiopathic constipation patients aged 18-59 years old in population. At the same time depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and blood sample were taken to assess the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. Pearson correlation test was done for hypothesis testing.Results. From total of 75 subjects, the mean (SB) age is 40.29 (11.2) years and the proportion of women is 90.4%. The median RNL (min-max) is 1.72 (0.27-7.18). The results of correlation coefficient obtained from correlation analysis is (r) = 0.028 (p= 0.811).Conclusion. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is not associated with depressive symptom in chronic idiopathic constipation."

"Latar belakang. Bersihan kolon yang adekuat berkaitan dengan persiapan kolonoskopi yang baik namun hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian mengenai dua preparat bersihan kolon yang paling umum digunakan di Indonesia yaitu polyethylene glycol (PEG) dan sodium phosphate (SP).Tujuan. Mengetahui perbandingan bersihan kolon antara PEG dan SP pada pasien yang akan dilakukan kolonoskopi di Indonesia. Metode. Uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal, satu sentral penelitian di pusat endoskopi saluran cerna (PESC) RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada pasien usia lebih dari 18 tahun yang menjalani kolonoskopi periode Maret ? September 2014. Randomisasi manual, teknik sampling konsekutif dilakukan untuk mengalokasikan preparat PEG dan SP, kemudian penilaian bersihan kolon secara tersamar tunggal dilakukan oleh dua orang dengan Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Nilai adekuat bila skor ≥ 5. Analisis dilakukan dengan intention to treat.Hasil. Dari 135 subyek yang dirandomisasi, dieksklusi 14 subyek sehingga yang dianalisis 121 subyek (PEG n=62; SP n=59). Semua subyek menjalani penelitian hingga selesai. Bersihan adekuat pada PEG 88,7% dengan rerata skor BPPS 5,89, sedangkan pada SP 89,8% dengan rerata skor BPPS 6,34 (nilai p=0,84). Didapatkan nilai Control Event Rate (CER) 11,3%, Experiment Event Rate (EER) 10,17%, Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) 1,13%, Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) 9,92%, dan Number Needed to Treat (NNT) untuk SP sebesar 90 subyek. Efek samping pada PEG adalah mual (19,4%), rasa tidak enak (3,2%), muntah (1,6%) sedangkan pada SP hanya rasa tidak enak (5,1%). Kedua kelompok tidak mengalami alergi.Kesimpulan. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik dan klinis antara PEG dan SP dalam bersihan kolon yang adekuat menggunakan skor BPPS.

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Background. Adequate clearance of the colon is associated with a good preparation for colonoscopy. Up until now research on colon adequate clearance by using two of the most commonly used preparations in Indonesia, namely polyethylene glycol and sodium phosphate has not been done.Aims. To compare the effectivity of PEG and SP in colon clearance for patients undergoing colonoscopy in Indonesia.Design and Methods. A single blind randomized clinical trial in one centre at gastrointestinal endoscopy centre RSCM, was conducted on patients aged over 18 years old that had colonoscopy in the period from March to September 2014. Consecutive manual randomization was performed to allocate the PEG and SP lavage and assessment of adequate colon clearance will be evaluated by two investigators using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Adequate score if > 5. Analysis was done by intention to treat.Results. From the 135 randomized subjects, 14 was excluded, and 121 subjects obtained (PEG n=62; SP n=59). All subjects completed the research. Adequate clearance in PEG was 88.7% with BPPS mean score 5.89. While, SP had adequate clearance of 89.8% with BPPS mean score 6.34 (p value=0.84). Analysis resulted in CER 11.3%, EER 10.17%, ARR 1.13%, RRR 9.92%, and NNT for SP was 90 subjects. Side effects in PEG participants were nausea (19.4%), unpleasant taste (3.2%), vomit (1.6%) while in SP participants only experienced unpleasant taste (5.1%). Both groups did not experience allergic reaction.Conclusion. There was no significant difference in terms of adequate colon clearance preparation between PEG and SP using BPPS score."

"[Latar Belakang: Komplikasi sirosis hati pada jantung masih sedikit diketahui. Mekanisme patofisiologi sirosis hati yang melibatkan hipertensi portal memungkinkan terjadinya disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri.Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri pada pasien sirosis hati dengan kriteria ASE-EAE 2009 dan konvensional, korelasi positif antara beratnya derajat disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri dengan beratnya derajat disfungsi hati melalui skor Child Turcotte Pugh ( CTP ) dan menilai hubungan parameter beratnya derajat disfungsi diastolik menurut kriteria ASE-EAE 2009 dengan skor CTP numerik.Metode: Potong lintang pada pasien yang berobat secara konsekutif di Unit Rawat Jalan Hepatologi dan Rawat Inap Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI-RSCM. Penelitian dimulai di bulan November 2013 hingga tercapai 96 subjek sirosis hati berusia 18-60 tahun. Anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, rekam medik dan pemeriksaan penunjang dilakukan. Pemeriksaan dengan ekokardiografi dilakukan oleh dua pemeriksa. Uji kesesuaian Kappa dan uji beda rerata dilakukan antar pemeriksa. Data kemudian diolah untuk diperoleh nilai proporsi, uji normalitas sebaran data, analisis uji korelasi Spearman dan analisis multivariat regresi linier.Hasil: Sebanyak 54,17% pasien mengalami hipertrofi konsentrik ventrikel kiri. Proporsi disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri dengan kriteria ASE-EAE 2009 sebesar 34,3% namun 21,9% ditemukan fungsi diastolik normal dengan indeks volume atrium kiri meningkat, dengan kriteria disfungsi diastolik konvensional proporsi menjadi 68,8%. Seluruh parameter fungsi diastolik menunjukkan perubahan abnormal pada CTP B 8-10. Korelasi beratnya derajat disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri kriteria ASE-EAE 2009 dengan beratnya derajat disfungsi hati melalui skor CTP skala numerik adalah 0,42 ( p = 0,000 ). Bila penderita diabetes dan pengguna spironolakton dieksklusi, r menjadi 0,51 ( p = 0,000; ASE-EAE 2009 ). Parameter beratnya derajat disfungsi diastolik yang berhubungan dengan beratnya derajat disfungsi hati skor numerik CTP adalah selisih Ar-A, volume atrium kiri dan nilai lateral e’ ( p < 0,005 ).Kesimpulan: Semakin berat disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri maka semakin berat sirosis hati. Parameter disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri yang berhubungan dengan beratnya sirosis hati adalah tekanan pengisian diastol intraventrikel beserta kekakuan miokard, remodelling atrium kiri dan kecepatan alir balik vena pulmonalis dalam menghadapi tekanan pengisian. Deteksi dini disfungsi diastolik pada sirosis hati dapat dimulai pada CTP B 8., Background: Cardiovascular complication of liver cirrhosis is relatively obscure. Liver cirrhosis pathophysiology involving portal hypertension made the possibility of cirrhosis complication manifested as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.Objective: To determine proportion of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction among liver cirrhotic patients according to American Society of Echocardiography-European Association of Echocardiography ( ASE-EAE ) 2009 and conventional approach, to determine any correlation between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction severity stages with severity stages of liver dysfunction in cirrhotic patients represented by Child Turcotte Pugh ( CTP ) score, also to asses relationship between severity stages of parameters of diastolic function according to ASE-EAE 2009 with liver cirrhosis severity evaluated by numerical CTP score.Methods: In this cross sectional design, we targeted 96 liver cirrhotic patients within age of 18-60 year old consecutively due to any cause who admitted to ambulatory unit of Hepatology and Internal Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital wards into intended sample. The study started in November 2013 until proper sample size wasobtained. Echocardiography examination was performed by 2 operators. Interobserver validity was assesed with level of Kappa aggrement and mean difference. Data was extracted to find prevalence, normality test, Spearman correlation test and multivariate linear regression test.Results: Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy was found in 54,2% of source population. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction proportion among liver cirrhotic patients according to ASE-EAE 2009 is 34,3% and 21,9% of normal diastolic function subgroup has left atrial volume index ≥ 34 mL/m2. Conventional approach resulted in 68,8% of diastolic dysfuncation. All diastolic parameter showed abnormalities on CTP B 8-10. Spearman’s r values of stage of diastolic dysfunction severity according to ASE-EAE 2009 with severity of numerical CTP score is 0,42 ( p = 0,000 ). Exclusion of diabetic patients and spironolactone treated patients resulted in r 0,51 ( p = 0,000; ASE-EAE 2009 ). Parameters of diastolic function that have relation with liver dysfunction severity in cirrhosis measured by numerical CTP are Ar-A ( p = 0,004 ), left atrial volume index ( p = 0,005 ) and laterale e’ ( p = 0,026).Conclusion: Severity of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with severity of liver cirrhosis is correlated positively. Diastolic parameters relate with severity of liver cirrhosis are diastolic ventricular filling pressure with left ventricular chamber stiffness, left atrial remodelling and regurgitant of pulmonary venous flow velocity to oppose filling pressure. Early detection for diastolic dysfunction can be started on CTP B 8.]"

"[Latar Belakang: Pneumonia komunitas masih merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbanyak untuk penyakit infeksi, baik di negara maju ataupun negara berkembang. Pengetahuan tentang prediktor mortalitas dapat membantu pengambilan keputusan klinis untuk tatalaksana pasien. Penelitian terdahulu mengenai prediktor mortalitas di luar negeri sebagian besar dilakukan pada usia lanjut dan hanya ditemukan satu penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor prediktor mortalitas di Indonesia namun juga terbatas pada usia lanjut. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor prediktor mortalitas pasien pneumonia komunitas dewasa di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif pada pasien rawat inap dewasa RSCM yang didiagnosis pneumonia komunitas selama tahun 2010– 2014. Data klinis dan laboratorium beserta status luaran (hidup atau meninggal) selama perawatan diperoleh dari rekam medis. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square dilakukan pada sepuluh variabel prognostik, yakitu kelompok usia, penurunan kesadaran, komorbiditas (skor Charlson Comorbidity Index – CCI >5), sepsis, gagal napas, pneumonia berat, kadar hemoglobin <9 g/dL, hitung leukosit <4.000/ul atau >20.000/ul, kadar albumin <3 g/dL, dan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu >200 mg/dL. Data yang tidak lengkap diatasi dengan teknik multiple imputation. Variabel yang memenuhi syarat akan disertakan pada analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil: Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 434 pasien. Mortalitas selama perawatan sebesar 23,9%. Sebanyak 197 (45,4%) pasien adalah laki-laki dan 237 (54,6%)pasien adalah perempuan. Median usia pasien 58 tahun (rentang 18 sampai 89)tahun dan median lama perawatan adalah 8 (rentang 1 sampai 63) hari. Patogen tersering dari hasil kultur sputum adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%). Prediktor mortalitas independen yang bermakna pada analisis multivariat adalah pneumonia berat (OR=29,42; IK 95% 20,81 sampai 41,58), sepsis (OR=3,65; IK 95% 2,57 sampai 5,19), gagal napas (OR=3,2; IK 95% 1,9 sampai 5,37), skor CCI >5 (OR=2,25; IK 95% 1,6 sampai 3,15) dan kadar albumin <3 g/dL (OR=1,42; IK 95% 1,04 sampai 1,95).Simpulan: Pneumonia berat, gagal napas, sepsis, skor CCI >5, dan kadar albumin <3 g/dL merupakan pediktor independen mortalitas pasien pneumonia komunitas dewasa saat rawat inap., Background: Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is one of the causes of death from infectious disease in the developed or developing countries. The prediction of outcome is important in decision-making process. Previous studies of predictors of mortality in overseas mostly in elderly and only found one previous study in Indonesia, but also limited in the elderly.Objective: To determine the predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients with CAP in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study among hospitalized patients with CAP in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between 2010–2014. Data were collected at initiation of hospitalized period and the main outcome was all-cause mortality during hospitalization. We analyzed age, decreased of consciousness, comorbidity (represented as Charlson Comorbidity Index – CCI), sepsis, respiratory failure, severe pneumonia, hemoglobin level <9 g/dL, leucocyte count <4.000/ul or >20.000/ul, albumin level <9 g/dL, and blood glucose level >200 mg/dL in bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results: A total of 434 patients were evaluated in this study. In-hospital mortality rate was 23.9%. There were 197 (45,4%)male and 237 (54,6%) female patients. Median age of population was 58 (range 18 to 89) years old and median length of stay was 8 (range 1 to 63) days. The commonest pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%). The independent predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis were severe pneumonia (OR 29.42; 95% CI 20.81 to 41.58), sepsis (OR 3.65; 95% CI 2.57 to 5.19), respiratory failure (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.9 to 5.37), CCI score >5 (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.6 to 3.15) and albumin level <3 g/dL (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.95).Conclusion: Severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, sepsis, CCI scores >5, and albumin level <3 g/dL were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among hospitalized patients with CAP.]"

"Latar Belakang : Penelitian perbandingan kesintasan pasien karsinoma paru bukan sel kecil usia lanjut stadium IIIB/IV yang menjalani kemoterapi dan non-kemoterapi sudah pernah diteliti di negara lain sebelumnya, namun penelitian tersebut di Indonesia belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu belum banyak yang memperhitungkan faktor perancu seperti komorbiditas, jenis histopatologi, indeks massa tubuh, stadium, usia dan status fungsional dalam meneliti pengaruh kemoterapi terhadap kesintasan karsinoma paru bukan sel kecil usia lanjut.Tujuan : Mengetahui adakah perbedaan kesintasan satu tahun antara pasien kanker paru karsinoma bukan sel kecil usia lanjut stadium IIIB/IV yang menjalani kemoterapi dan non-kemoterapi.Metode : Kohort retrospektif dengan analisis kesintasan terhadap 232 pasien kanker paru karsinoma bukan sel kecil stadium IIIB/IV dan status fungsional ECOG 0-2 yang berobat jalan maupun rawat inap di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Kanker Dharmais Januari 2007-April 2013, terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu yang menjalani kemoterapi dan non-kemoterapi. Kurva Kaplan-Meier digunakan untuk mengetahui kesintasan satu tahun masing-masing kelompok. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji log-rank, analisis multivariat menggunakan cox proportional hazard regression. Besarnya hubungan variabel kemoterapi dengan kesintasan dinyatakan dengan crude HR dan IK 95% serta adjusted HR dan IK 95% setelah dimasukkan variabel perancu.Hasil : Terdapat 232 pasien kanker paru karsinoma bukan sel kecil yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kemoterapi (118 subyek) dan non-kemoterapi (114 subyek). Persentase mortalitas satu tahun adalah 93,9% pada kelompok non-kemoterapi dan 57,6% pada kelompok kemoterapi. Median kesintasan kelompok non-kemoterapi adalah 2 bulan, sedangkan kelompok kemoterapi 9,73 bulan, p<0,001, HR 3,447(IK 95% 2,522-4,711). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara kemoterapi dengan kesintasan satu tahun. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan stadium adalah perancu kemoterapi terhadap kesintasan.Simpulan : Kesintasan satu tahun pasien kanker paru bukan sel kecil usia lanjut stadium IIIB/IV yang menjalani kemoterapi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan non-kemoterapi.

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Background : The effects of chemotherapy on survival in elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer has been studied in other country before, but in Indonesia this topic hasn?t been studied. The influence of confounding factors such as comorbidity, histopathology, body mass index, functional status, age and stage of cancer were seldom considered in the earlier studies.Objective : To determine whether there?s a difference in one year survival between elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received chemotherapy and those who received non-chemoterapeutic approaches.Methods : Retrospective cohort design and survival analysis were used to 232 elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (IIIB/IV) and performance status of ECOG 0-2 who visited Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Dharmais Cancer Hospital between January 2007 and April 2013 that divided into 2 groups according to therapy that they received (chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy). Kaplan-Meier curve was used to evaluate the one year survival of each group. Bivariate analysis was conducted using log-rank test, multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression. The extend of relation between advancing age and survival was expressed with crude HR with 95% CI and adjusted HR with 95%CI after adjusting for confounders.Results : There were 232 elderly advanced non-small cell lung cancer that divided into two groups ; chemotherapy (118 subjects) and non-chemotherapy (114 subjects). One year mortality percentage were 93,9% and 57,6% to non-chemotherapy and chemotherapy group. The survival median were 2 months in non-chemotherapy group and 9,73 months in chemotherapy group, with p< 0,001 and HR 3,447 (95% CI : 2,522-4,711). Bivariate analysis showed statistically significant relation between chemotherapy and one year survival. Multivariate analysis showed that stage of cancer was a confounder to chemotherapy relation to survival.Conclusion : One year survival in elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received chemotherapy were better compared to those who received non-chemotherapeutic approaches."

"[Latar Belakang : Kejadian Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) Eksaserbasi akut pada jemaah haji meningkat selama menjalankan aktivitas haji. oleh karena itu, diagnosis dan stratifikasi PPOK sebelum haji perlu dilakukan untuk memulai tatalaksana PPOK sejak dini dan menurunkan risiko eksaserbasi akut. Indeks BODE (Body mass, Obstruction, Dyspnoe, Exercise) merupakan salah satu sistim stratifikasi multidimensional yang dapat dipakai untuk menentukan risiko eksaserbasi. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Indeks BODE dengan kejadian PPOK eksaserbasi akut pada jemaah haji.Metode : Studi kohort retrospektif pada jemaah haji PPOK asal Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta tahun 2012. Indeks BODE ditentukan dari rekam medis. Rekam medis berasal dari skrining PPOK pada jemaah haji yang dilaksanakan 24 jam sebelum keberangkatan, dan eksaserbasi ditentukan segera setelah jemaah pulang haji melalui proses anamnesis subjek penelitian, laporan dokter kloter, dan melihat catatan di buku kesehatan haji. Hubungan antara dua variabel dan risiko relatif ditentukan dengan uji Chi-Square.Hasil : Terdapat 60 orang subjek penelitian PPOK yang diambil secara konsekutif dari data sekunder. Ada 35 (58.3%) subjek penelitian yang mengalami PPOK eksaserbasi akut, dan dari keseluruhan eksaserbasi akut ada 5 orang (14.2%) yang rawat inap. Rentang indeks BODE dari 0-6. Subjek penelitian dengan indeks BODE 0-2 berjumlah 48 orang (80%), indeks BODE 3-4 ada 6 orang (10%) dan indeks BODE 5-6 ada 6 orang (10%). Uji Chi Square dengan Fisher Exact Test antara kelompok risiko rendah (indeks BODE 0-3) dengan risiko tinggi (indeks BODE >3) didapatkan p =0.009, RR 1.9 (IK 1.4-2.5)Simpulan : Rentang Indeks BODE pada jemaah haji PPOK adalah 0-6 dimana Jemaah haji PPOK dengan indeks BODE >3 memiliki risiko eksaserbasi akut 1.9 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jemaah haji PPOK dengan indeks BODE 0-3., Background: Incident of acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) increase in pilgrims during hajj period. Early diagnosis and grading of COPD before hajj is important to start treatment and reduce risk of acute exacerbation. BODE Index (Body mass, Obstruction, Dyspnoe, Exercise) is one of multidimensional grading system to predict risk of acute exacerbation COPD. This research was intend to find association between BODE Index and incident of acute exacerbation COPD in hajj pilgrimsMethods: This is a retrospective cohort study among COPD hajj pilgrims year 2012 from Jakarta. BODE index was calculated from medical record. Medical record was obtained by screening process of COPD among hajj pilgrims 24 hours before flight. Exacerbation was determined immediately after arrival through history taking and examination of subject, interview of the physician in charge of the flight group (kloter), and analyzed record from personal hajj book. Association between two variables and the relative risk were calculated by Chi-Square test or Fisher Exact test.Results: Sixty COPD subjects with complete BODE index data were identified and subsequently recruited. Thirty five subjects (58.3%) suffered from acute exacerbation of COPD. Of all exacerbation, there were 5 subjects (14.2%) who were hospitalized. BODE index range from 0-6, 48 subjects (80%) had BODE index 0-2, 6 subjects (10%) had BODE index 3-4, and 6 subjects (10%) had BODE index 5-6. Fisher Exact Test result between low risk group (BODE index 0-3) and high risk (BODE index >3) is p = 0.009, relative risk 1.9 (CI 1.4-2.5)Conclusion: The range of BODE index among COPD hajj pilgrims is 0-6; COPD hajj pilgrims with BODE index > 3 have significant higher risk of acute exacerbation of COPD 1.9 times compared with BODE index 0-3.]"