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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to investigate whether the intestinal helminthiasis influence the acute phase response (APR), nutritional status and iron status, and the impact of anthelminthic treatment on the APR and iron status among school children 8 - 11 years old in SD 01 and 02 Papanggo, Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta. The prevalence of helminthiasis among these children was regarding to Ascaris lumbricoides 81.6 %, T richuris Trichiura 88.3 % and mixed infection A.lumbricoides and T : trichiura 70 %. Of 120 children enrolled in this study, 59 children received a single 400 mg dose Albendazole, 61 children received placebo.

The design of this study was a cross sectional association study combined with a randomized, doubly-masked, community intervention trial. At the beginning of the study, anthropometric measurements were taken. In addition, stool samples, plasma iron, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), White Blood Cell (WBC), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Interleukin-1 (IL-I), Interleuldn-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) concentrations were determined prior to the interventions and 10 days after.

The children with Z-score of WFA, WFH and FIFA less than -2 were 24,2 %, 6,7 % and 19.2 %, respectively. Of 30 % of the subjects were anemic (Hb <12 g /dl) and 21.6 % had plasma iron levels below normal (male < 59 µg/dl, female < 37µg/dl).

CRP,IL-1,IL-6 and TNF showed normal values in both groups before and 10 days after treatment. ESR was significantly increased in both groups 10 days after treatment. Within group increases in WBC count was significant only in the treatment group.

Plasma iron concentration was significantly increased in the treatment group (P = < 0.05) whereas it was significantly decreased in the placebo group (P = < 0.05). Increases in hemoglobin level in the treatment group and the decrease in the control group were no statistically significant.

This study concluded that the APR were normal during the intestinal helminthiasis and the intensity of infection were not proportional with the APR level, The helminth treatment with single 400 mg dose of Albendazole has not only a significant effect on decreasing worm burden but also a rise in plasma iron.

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ABSTRAK
Imbang nitrogen pada pasien sakit kritis selalu negatif akibat respon stres. Pada lansia perubahan metabolismenya berisiko memperburuk imbang nitrogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui imbang nitrogen dan hubungannya dengan asupan energi dan protein pada lansia sakit kritis dalam 48 jam pertama di ICU. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang, consecutive sampling. Subyek penelitian adalah 26 lansia sakit kritis. Hasil penelitian pada 24 jam I dan II adalah; imbang nitrogen -5,2 (-31,2 − -4,1) g dan -4,5+4,6; asupan energi 78,8+45,0% dan 91,1+50,2% terhadap target; asupan protein 0,57+0,35 g/kgBB/hari dan 0,71+0,37 g/kgBB/hari serta terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara imbang nitrogen dengan asupan energi; r=0,6 dan r=0,5 dan korelasi positif bermakna antara imbang nitrogen dengan asupan protein; r=0,5 dan r=0,4. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara imbang nitrogen dengan asupan energi dan protein pada lansia sakit kritis

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ABSTRAK
Nitrogen balance in criticaly ill patients tend to be negative due to stress response. In the elderly patients, the metabolic changes risk to worsening nitrogen balance.The aim of this study is to determine nitrogen balance and its relation with energy and protein intake in critically ill elderly patients within 48 hours in ICU. The study was cross sectional, consecutive sampling on 26 subjects. The nitrogen balances were -5.2 (-31.2 − -4.1) g and -4.5+4.6 g; energy intakes were 78.8+45.0% and 91.1+50.2% target; protein intakes were; 0.57+0.35 g/kgBW/d and 0.71+0.37 g/kgBW/d. There were positive correlation between nitrogen balance and energy intake; r=0.6 and r=0.5, and between nitrogen balance and protein intake; r=0.5 and r=0.4 in 24 hours I and II respectively. The conclusion is there were positive correlation between nitrogen balance with energy and protein intakes.

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ABSTRAK
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui korelasi antara asupan vitamin D dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum pada pasien lupus eritematosus sistemik perempuan usia dewasa. Metode: Peneltian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada 36 pasien SLE perempuan dewasa dari Poliklinik Reumatologi di RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pengambilan data subyek meliputi usia, klasifikasi penyakit SLE, obat-obatan yang digunakan, tipe kulit, penggunaan tabir surya, bagian tubuh yang tertutup pakaian, lama terpajan sinar matahari, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan vitamin D, dan kadar 25(OH)D serum. Hasil: Sebagian besar (41,7%) subyek berusia antara 36–45 tahun, tergolong klasifikasi SLE ringan (52,8%), selalu menggunakan tabir surya (63,9%), tipe kulit IV (69,4%), dan memakai pakaian yang menutupi seluruh/sebagian besar tubuh (69,4%), serta tidak terpajan dan terpajan sinar matahari <30 menit (77,8%). Semua subyek menggunakan kortikosteroid. Separuh subyek memiliki berat badan normal berdasarkan IMT, sebagian besar (55,6%) subyek mempunyai asupan vitamin D cukup berdasarkan AKG 2012, dan 28 subyek (77,8%) menderita defisiensi vitamin D ( kadar 25(OH)D serum <50 nmol/L). Didapatkan korelasi positif yang sedang antara asupan vitamin D dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum pada subyek penelitian (r = 0,52; P <0,01). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif yang sedang antara asupan vitamin D dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum pada pasien SLE perempuan dewasa (r = 0,52; P <0,01).

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ABSTRAK
Objective: the aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D concentration of adult woman SLE patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 36 adult woman patients with SLE from Rheumatology Clinic of the Departemen of Internal Medicine Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. Data collection included age, SLE classification, drugs, skin type, use of sunscreen, part of the body covered by clothes, length of sun exposure, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D intake, and serum 25(OH)D concentration. Results: Most of the subjects (41.7%) aged 36–45 years old, classified as mild SLE (52.8%), always used sunscreen (63.9%), skin type IV (69.4%), wearing clothes that covered all or almost of the body (69.4%), and not exposed or had sun exposure less than 30 minute (77.8%). All subjects used corticosteroid. Based on BMI half of the subjects had normal body weight, Based on AKG 2012 most (55.6%) had adequate vitamin D intakes, and 28 subjects (77.8%) were in vitamin D-deficient (serum 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/L). There were moderate positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D concentration in subjects (r = 0.52; P <0.01). Conclusion: There were moderate positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D concentration of adult woman SLE patients (r = 0.52, P <0.01).

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ABSTRAK
Dukungan yang diberikan kepada ibu menyusui untuk melakukan praktik menyusui sesuai dengan rekomendasi WHO telah banyak dan beragam. Namun demikian, meningkatkan praktik menyusui sesuai rekomendasi tersebut tampaknya memang bukan hal yang mudah. Salah satu bentuk dukungan yang diberikan kepada ibu baik oleh teman sebaya (peer) maupun tenaga ahli (professional) dapat berupa kelompok pendukung ibu ataupun berupa konsultasi satu-lawan-satu atau individual. Dukungan tersebut pada akhirnya akan sangat membantu apabila diberikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik ibu menyusui sehingga dapat mencapai praktek menyusui yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi praktik menyusui dan pengalaman ibu dalam menghadiri kelompok pendukung atau konsultasi individu. Praktek menyusui di kalangan ibu-ibu dalam bentuk kelompok dan bentuk individu sesuai dengan rekomendasi. Kedua bentuk dukungan dapat memberi manfaat bagi ibu dengan memberi edukasi utamanya jika mereka mendapat dukungan menyusui (baik kelompok atau individu) sedini mungkin yaitu selama masa kehamilan, tentang praktek pemberian ASI yang direkomendasikan dan bagaimana mempertahankannya. Dukungan dalam bentuk kelompok, dengan suasana yang tepat, ibu dapat berbagi pengalaman mengenai menyusui dan saling memberi semangat satu sama lain. Sementara dukungan dalam bentuk individu, ibu meningkatkan praktek pemberian ASI mereka dengan mengatasi masalah menyusui secara lebih fokus dibantu oleh konsultan laktasi/konselor menyusui. Praktek menyusui yang baik dapat terus dipertahankan oleh pengalaman ibu dalam bentuk dukungan kelompok atau bentuk dukungan individu yang menyediakan lingkungan yang kondusif untuk ibu belajar dan/atau untuk mengatasi masalah menyusui

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ABSTRAK
Intervention to promote breastfeeding practice according to WHO recommendations given to breastfeeding mothers have been many and varied. Nevertheless, improving breastfeeding practices as recommended does not an easy thing. Type of support given to the mother either by peers and experts (professionals) can be in the form of support group and/or one-on-one or individual consultation. Such support will be helpful if given in accordance with the needs and characteristics of breastfeeding mothers to achieve appropriate breastfeeding practices with the recommendation. Qualitative approach was used to explore mothers’ breastfeeding performance and mothers’ experience attending the group and/or individual exposure. The breastfeeding practice among mothers in group exposure and individual exposure were in accordance with the recommendation. Both exposures are beneficial for mothers by educating mothers for recommended breastfeeding practice and how to maintain it especially if they were exposed to the breastfeeding support (groups or individual) as early as possible i.e. during pregnancy period. Specific in group exposure, with the proper group ambiance, mother can share experiences on breastfeeding and encouraging each other. While in individual exposure, mothers improved their breastfeeding practice by treating breastfeeding problem with more focus helped by breastfeeding counselor/lactation consultant. Good performance on breastfeeding among mothers’ can be maintained by their experiences of group or individual exposure that allow mothers learn in conducive environment and/or solved mothers’ breastfeeding problem

Abstrak :
Secara signifikan faktor yang dapat diubah dalam praktek menyusui adalah efikasi diri. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih lengkap tentang pengaruh efikasi diri ibu bekerja dalam memberikan asi pada anak. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu bekerja (n=18) di Jakarta, Indonesia. Dalam studi ini terdapat enam komponen dari efikasi diri saat praktek menyusui, yang terdiri dari: pengalaman pribadi, pengalaman orang lain, persuasi lisan, reaksi emosional, motivasi diri, dan waktu paparan terhadap informasi. Selain itu, praktek menyusui secara ekslusif tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh efikasi diri tetapi juga lingkungan yang mendukung dimana ibu bekerja dan tinggal: lingkungan rumah sakit dan kesehatan, lingkungan rumah, lingkungan kerja dan kebijakan publik, dan norma masyarakat terkait praktek menyusui. Oleh karena itu, komponen-komponen efikasi diri dalam pemberian ASI disertai dengan lingkungan yang mendukung sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan lama pemberian ASI pada ibu bekerja. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mengeksplorasi ibu bekerja dengan paruh waktu dibandingkan dengan waktu penuh untuk memberikan situasi yang berbeda terkait praktek pemberian ASI ekslusif mereka. ......Breastfeeding self-efficacy was a significant modifiable factor of breastfeeding practice. Qualitative approach was used to provide a more complete picture of breastfeeding self-efficacy influenced working mothers’ breastfeeding practice. The informants of this study were working mothers (n=18) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study revealed six components of breastfeeding self-efficacy, consists of: self-experiences; others’ experiences; verbal persuasions; emotional responses; self-motivation; and time exposure to information. In addition, exclusive breastfeeding practice was not only explained by breastfeeding self-efficacy but also by the other supportive environments in which working mothers live and breastfeed: hospital and health environment, home environment, work and public policy environment, and community norms about breastfeeding. Therefore, the components of breastfeeding self-efficacy accompanied by supportive environments were needed to increase the duration of breastfeeding performance of working mothers. Further research is required to explore the part time job compared with full time working mothers to provide different situations for their breastfeeding performances.

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ABSTRAK
Overweight and obesity is prevalent in both developed and developing countries in the past few years. Yet studies on the role of micronutrients, such as calcium, towards overweight and obesity is limited among children in developing countries. This study investigated the association between dietary calcium intake with the risks of overweight and obesity among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years. A case control study with 81 matching pairs by age, sex and school was conducted in 23 randomly selected preschools in East Jakarta. Cases (n=81) were overweight or obese children, whereas controls (n=81) were normal children. The total dietary calcium intake among the cases and controls was 1285 mg and 1006 mg per day, respectively. Milk was the main contributor of calcium intake for both groups. After adjusted for high energy and protein intake, introduction to formula milk < 6 months, high restriction, overweight and obese mothers, preference of sweet snacks, duration of breastfeeding < 6 months, and high pressure to eat, the risks of calcium intake towards overweight and obesity were not significantly different between case and control (Adjusted OR, 95% CI = 1.537, 0.57-4.16). Calcium intake was not associated with the risk of overweight and obesity among Indonesian preschool children. However, this finding needs to be confirmed with another larger population to detect positive association in obese and overweight group

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ABSTRAK
Kelebihan berat badan (KBB) dan obesitas di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang telah meningkat drastis dalam kurun waktu yang relatif singkat. Namun studi mengenai peran mikronutrien, seperti kalsium, terhadap KBB dan obesitas masih kurang , terutama pada subjek anak-anak di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan kalsium dengan resiko KBB dan obesitas pada anak prasekolah usia 3 sampai 6 tahun di Jakarta. Desain kasus kontrol dengan matching untuk usia, jenis kelamin, dan sekolah dilakukan di 23 sekolah taman kanak-kanak yang dipilih secara acak. Sebanyak 81 pasang kasus kontrol dianalis. Kasus merupakan (n=81) anak dengan KBB dan obesitas, sedangkan kontrol merupakan anak normal. Total asupan kalsium pada kelompok kasus adalah 1285 mg dan 1006 mg per hari pada kontrol. Susu menyumbang asupan kalsium tertinggi untuk kedua kelompok. Setelah dikontrol dengan variabel perancu yakni, asupan energi dan protein, waktu memperkenalkan susu formula < 6 bulan, tinggi restriksi, ibu yang KBB dan obbesitas, preferensi terhadap makanan manis, durasi menyusui < 6 bulan, serta tinggi paksaan untuk makan, resiko asupan kalsium terhadap KBB dan obesitas tidak berbeda nyata dengan anak normal. Asupan kalsium tidak berhubungan dengan resiko KBB dan obesitas pada anak pra sekolah di Indonesia. Namun, penemuan ini perlu dikonfirmasi pada populasi yang lebih besar untuk mendeteksi asosiasi positif pada kelompok KBB dan obese.

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ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Kehamilan merupakan suatu proses yang membutuhkan asupan seng yang adekuat guna menunjang kesehatan ibu dan janin. Defisiensi seng akibat kurangnya asupan dan bioavailabilitas seng dalam diet masih merupakan masalah di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kadar seng serum dan hubungannya dengan asupan makanan dalam upaya perbaikan asupan seng pada kehamilan trimester tiga.

Desain: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 51 subjek ibu hamil trimester tiga dengan menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dan consecutive sampling.

Hasil: Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil rerata kadar seng serum pada subjek penelitian adalah 39,32±6,28 µg/dl dengan frekuensi seng serum rendah dari normal sebesar 92,16%. Semua subjek penelitian tidak memenuhi asupan seng, serat, energi dan protein sesuai AKG. Asupan besi subjek penelitian melebihi AKG pada 96,1% subjek dan semua subjek memiliki rasio molar fitat lebih dari 15. Terdapat korelasi lemah yang tidak bermakna secara statistik antara asupan seng (r=0.068), besi (r=0,09), fitat (r=0,081), serat (r=0,026), energi (r=0,073) dan protein (r=0,033) dengan seng serum subjek penelitian.

Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein dengan seng serum subjek penelitian. Dibutuhkan edukasi tentang bahan makanan sumber yang baik untuk memperbaiki asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein pada ibu hamil.

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ABSTRAK

Background: Pregnancy is a process that requires an adequate zinc intake to support maternal and perinatal health. However, zinc deficiency due to inadequate intake and zinc bioavailability in diet still remain a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate serum zinc levels and its relation to food intake in order to improve zinc intake in late pregnancy.

Design: The method used in this study was cross sectional, consecutive sampling on 51 late pregnancy subjects.

Results: The study results mean serum zinc level was 39.32±6.28 µg/dl with prevalence of serum zinc below normal 92.16%. All of the subjects did not meet the RDI of zinc, fiber, energy and protein. As 96.1% subjects meet the RDI of iron and all subjects had phytate-zinc molar ratio more than 15. There was a weak correlation that not statistically significant between the intake of zinc (r=0.068), iron (r=0.09), phytate (r=0.081), dietary fiber (r=0.026), energy (r=0.073) and protein (r=0.033) with serum zinc.

Conclusion:This study conclude that there was no association between intake of zinc, iron, phytate, dietary fiber, energy and protein with serum zinc level in late pregnancy. Pregnant women need a nutritional education about good food source to improve zinc, iron, dietary fiber, energy, and protein intakes.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : menentukan status protein, hubungannya dengan KEK dan status usia senja pada lansia yang tinggal di komunitas di kota Semarang. Tempat : Tujuh puskesmas kecamatan di kotamadya Semarang. Bahan dan Cara : Studi belah lintang (cross sectional) pada lansia 60 tahun ke atas, yang dipilih secara acak sederbana pada tingkat puskesmas. Dikumpulkan data sosiodemografi, asupan nutrisi dan pola makan, antropometri, albumin dan lipid serum. Indikator protein somatik yang dikumpulkan adalah MBL (kg dan %) IMBL, LOLA, AOLA dan LB. .Kriteria KEK menggunakan kriteria WHO dan status usia senja dari studi IUNS. Hasil : Prevalensi KEK lansia pria 35%, wanita 29%,Uji diagnosis KEK dengan manggunakan indikator protein somatik yang dibandingkan dengan nilai IMT<18,5 (nilai pembatas sebesar P30 untuk populasi total dan wanita serta P35 untuk pria) membuktikan bahwa indikator protein somatik yang terbaik adalah LB untuk populasi total (sensitivitas 73 %, spesifisitas 92 %), IMBL (sensitivitas 88 04, spesifisitas 93 %) untuk pria, IML dan ML (kg) (sensitivitas 94 %, spesifisitas 96 %). untuk wanita. Uji diagnosis KEK dengan LLA manurut Ferro-Luzzi dan James memberikan hasil sensitivitas 83 %, spesifisitas 84 % untuk lansia dengan IMT < 16. Terdapat korelasi kuat antara IMT dengan indikator massa protein somatik dan massa lemak (P<0,001). Ditemukan korelasi positif antara albumin dan ML(kg) (r= 0,1428, P = 0,014) IML (r= 0,1534, P = 0,009); AOLA dikoreksi (r= 0,1223, P = 0,030); LOLA (r 0,1239, P = 0,028) serta LLA (r= 0,1496, P = 0,011). Skor tertinggi untuk status usia senja adalah aktivitas hidup sehari-hari (9,71) dan terrendah aktivitas sosial (2,88). Analisis kategorikal memakai nilai pembatas yang sama seperti indikator status protein dan antropometri membuktikan LB adalah indikator yang paling sensitif untuk status usia senja. Untuk status usia senja skor aktivitas sosial merupakan detenninan terbesar terhadap status protein somatik. Selain terdapat kadar kholesteroi total rendah, terdapat masalah dislipidemia pada lansia penderita KEK. Kesimpulan. Nilai pembatas IMT, LB, IMBL dan LML dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosa KEK pada lansia yang tinggal di komunitas. Lingkar betis merupakan indikator yang paling sensitif untuk memprediksi status usia senja dan aktivitas sosial merupakan determinan terbesar.

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In the Philippines and in many other countries, not so many studies have been conducted with prisoners specifically on their protein and nutritional status. Thus, this study was conducted among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Zamboanga City, Philippines in January 2001 with the objective to determine the association between protein and energy intakes and nutritional status, among adult male inmates. The study was cross sectional and included 105 randomly selected adult male inmates. Data were collected using interview, anthropometries and biochemical assessments procedures.

Results of the study evidently showed: the present protein and energy intakes and nutritional status of the inmates were good and it was reflected in the biochemical assessment. The diet of the inmates was sufficient with regard to total protein, calcium, iron vitamin A and riboflavin and very deficient in total energy, ascorbic acid, niacin and thiamin. With the exception of bananas no fruit has been served during the survey.

Animal protein constitutes very low and most of their dietary protein source was derived from plant specifically green mug bean which was easily recognized by the inmates during the survey.

In spite of good protein index based on biochemical assessment, the data findings also suggested that protein intake could still be improved by increasing the protein quality. Health and nutrition education should be focused and given attention as well.

In conclusion, protein and nutritional status among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm were adequate based on anthropometric and biochemical assessment.