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"Perkembangan teknologi menyediakan sarana baru untuk melakukan kekerasan dalam hubungan romantis, yang disebut sebagai cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), yang kerap kali terjadi pada usia dewasa muda. Penelitian terdahulu menemukan bahwa anxious attachment berhubungan dengan CIPA dan adverse childhood experience (ACE), yang merupakan prediktor kuat dari CIPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran mediasi anxious attachment dalam hubungan antara ACE dan CIPA pada individu dewasa muda di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 instrumen penelitian, yaitu (1) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) untuk mengukur CIPA; (2) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) untuk mengukur ACE; dan (3) Experience in Close Relationship Scale-Revised 18 (ECR-R-18; Margaretha, 2020; Wongparkan & Wongparkan, 2012) untuk mengukur anxious attachment. Sampel penelitian ini berasal dari 941 partisipan dengan rata-rata usia 22.7 tahun, yang sedang atau pernah menjalani hubungan romantis serta menggunakan teknologi untuk menjalani hubungan romantis. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa ACE dapat memprediksi perilaku CIPA secara signifikan dan positif. Hasil analisis mediasi juga menunjukkan bahwa anxious attachment berperan sebagai mediator parsial dalam hubungan ACE dan CIPA. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi pada pengembangan usaha preventif dan intervensi CIPA.

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Technology developments have resulted in a new form of violence often occurring in young adult romantic relationships, namely cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA). While previous findings show anxious attachment and adverse childhood experience (ACE) as strong predictors of CIPA, this study aims to look at the mediating role of anxious attachment in the relationship between ACE and CIPA in young adults in Indonesia. This study uses 3 research instruments, namely (1) Cyber ??Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) to measure CIPA; (2) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) to measure ACE; and (3) Experience in Close Relationship Scale-Revised 18 (ECR-R-18; Margaretha, 2020; Wongparkan & Wongparkan, 2012) to measure anxious attachment. This study takes samples from 941 participants with an average age of 22.7 years who are currently or have previously been committed in a romantic relationship. The results of the regression analysis shows that ACE can predict CIPA behavior significantly and positively. The results of the mediation analysis also show that anxious attachment acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between ACE and CIPA. This research has implications for the development of CIPA preventive and intervention efforts."

"Literatur menunjukkan bahwa kedua bentuk kekerasan hubungan intim, yakni secara langsung yang disebut sebagai in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) dan secara siber yang disebut sebagai cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), kerap kali terjadi pada populasi dewasa muda. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, IPA dan CIPA dapat diprediksi oleh adverse childhood experience (ACE) melalui proses belajar sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat peran ACE dalam memprediksi IPA dan CIPA, serta menguji hubungan antara kedua bentuk kekerasan tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 945 individu dewasa muda di Indonesia yang pernah atau sedang menjalani hubungan romantis. Instrumen-instrumen yang digunakan adalah Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) untuk mengukur tindakan IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins dkk., 2018) untuk mengukur tindakan CIPA; dan (3) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ- SF; Bernstein dkk., 2003) untuk mengukur ACE. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa dimensi physical assault, psychological aggression, dan sexual coercion dari IPA dan perilaku CIPA secara keseluruhan dapat diprediksi secara signifikan dan positif oleh ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.016, SE=0.002, p>0.001; β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). Seluruh dimensi IPA ditemukan memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan CIPA (p<0.001). Implikasi hasil penelitian serta saran metodologis dan praktis dibahas lebih lanjut.

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The literature shows that both direct and online forms of intimate partner aggression, known as in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) and cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), are common in the young adult population. Based on earlier studies, IPA and CIPA can be predicted by adverse childhood experience (ACE) through social learning processes. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of ACE in predicting IPA and CIPA, as well as the relationship between the two forms of intimate partner aggression. This study involved 945 young adults in Indonesia who were or are currently in a romantic relationship. The instruments used were Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) to measure IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) to measure CIPA; and (3) the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) to measure ACE. The results of the regression analysis showed that the dimensions of IPA (physical assault, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion) and CIPA can be predicted significantly and positively by ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.016, SE=0.002 , p>0.001; =0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). All dimensions of IPA were also found to have a positive and significant relationship with CIPA (p<0.001). The implications of the research as well as methodological and practical suggestions are discussed further."

"Berbagai studi telah dilakukan mengenai keterkaitan antara pengalaman sulit di masa kecil dengan depresi dan keterkaitan makna hidup dengan depresi. Peran kedua variabel tersebut terhadap depresi juga telah diteliti, akan tetapi, belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan peran keduanya terhadap depresi, khususnya pada populasi dewasa muda di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran pengalaman sulit di masa kecil dan makna hidup (keberadaan makna dan pencarian makna) terhadap depresi pada dewasa muda. Partisipan penelitian adalah dewasa muda yang berasal dari wilayah Jabodetabek (N=482), yang diberikan kuesioner BDI-II untuk mengukur depresi, ACE-Q untuk mengukur pengalaman sulit di masa kecil, dan MLQ untuk mengukur makna hidup. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis multiple linear regression menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman sulit di masa kecil memprediksi depresi secara positif, makna hidup pada dimensi keberadaan makna memprediksi depresi secara negatif, dan dimensi pencarian makna memprediksi depresi secara positif. Dibandingkan pengalaman sulit di masa kecil, makna hidup merupakan prediktor yang lebih kuat terhadap depresi, khususnya dimensi keberadaan makna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kesadaran masayarakat mengenai makna hidup sebagai faktor resiko depresi perlu ditingkatkan dan praktisi kesehatan sebaiknya tidak fokus pada faktor resiko lingkungan saja, namun juga pada faktor resiko personal.

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Many studies have done research about the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression and the relationship between meaning in life and depression. The role of those two variables in depression has also been done, however, there isn't any research that compares the role of both variables in depression, specifically, in the young adults population in Indonesia. This study aims to test the role of adverse childhood experiences and meaning in life (presence of meaning and searching for meaning) in depression in young adults. Participants of this study are young adults who live in Jabodetabek (N=482), who were given BDI-II questionnaire to measure depression, ACE-Q to measure adverse childhood experiences, and MLQ to measure meaning in life. The results of this study, using multiple linear regression, showed that adverse childhood experiences predicted depression positively, meaning in life in Presence Of Meaning dimension predicted depression negatively, and meaning in life in Search For Meaning dimension predicted depression positively Compared to adverse childhood experiences, meaning in life is the stronger predictor in depression, especially, in the dimension of presence of meaning. According to the results of this study, public awareness of meaning in life as a risk factor for depression needs to be raised and health practitioners should not just focus on the environmental risk factors that might cause depression, but also on personal risk factors."

"Kualitas hidup merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam kehidupan seseorang. Adverse childhood experiences yang dialami individu selama masa perkembangan dapat mengganggu tingkat kualitas hidup. Peneliti mendapatkan 181 partisipan berusia 18-25 tahun yang berasal dari 30 provinsi di Indonesia. Psychological flexibility diukur dengan Comp-ACT (Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Treatment Processes), kualitas hidup diukur dengan WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version), dan adverse childhood experiences diukur menggunakan WHO ACE-IQ (World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire). Hasil analisis regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan bahwa psychological flexibility berperan signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup individu dewasa muda yang mengalami adverse childhood experiences. Dalam penelitian ini, psychological flexibility, beserta dimensi-dimensinya, mampu memprediksi kualitas hidup individu dewasa muda yang mengalami adverse childhood experiences. Psychological flexibility secara signifikan berhubungan positif dengan kualitas hidup individu dewasa muda yang mengalami adverse childhood experiences.

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Quality of life is one of the important aspects of an individual's life. Adverse childhood experiences encountered during developmental stages can disrupt the level of quality of life. Researchers obtained 181 participants aged 18-25 years from 30 provinces in Indonesia. Psychological flexibility was measured using the Comp-ACT (Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Treatment Processes), quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version), and adverse childhood experiences were measured using the WHO ACE-IQ (World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire). The results of a simple linear regression analysis showed that psychological flexibility plays a significant role in the quality of life of young adults who have experienced adverse childhood experiences. In this study, psychological flexibility and its dimensions were proven to predict the quality of life of young adults who have experienced adverse childhood experiences. Psychological flexibility is significantly positively related to the quality of life of young adults who have experienced adverse childhood experiences."

"Penelitian kuantitatif ini ditujukan untuk melihat hubungan trait kepribadian dengan gejala depresi pada individu yang mengalami adverse childhood experience dan berdomisili di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi (Jabodetabek) dan berusia 18-29 tahun. Pengukuran terhadap trait kepribadian menggunakan instrumen Mini-IPIP, sedangkan ACEs diukur dengan ACE-Q, dan gejala depresi diukur dengan BDI-II. Penelitian melibatkan 250 partisipan dengan rata-rata skor ACEs 2, rata-rata gejala depresi minimal, dan kecenderungan memiliki trait kepribadian yang sedang. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan trait extraversion (b = -0.14, p < 0.05) dan trait conscientiousness (b = -0.25, p < 0.05) memiliki pengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatifdalam hubungan ACEs dan gejala depresi. Sedangkan trait neuroticism berpengaruh signifikan secara positif (b = 0.49, p < 0.01).

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This quantitative research is aimed to look at the relationship between personality traits

and symptom of depression in individuals who experienced adverse childhood

experiences and live in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) and

aged 18-29 years. The personality traits was measured using the Mini-IPIP as the instrument, while ACEs was measured by ACE-Q, and depression tendency was

measured by BDI-II. The research involved 250 participants with an average ACEs score of two, an average of minimal symptom of depression, and a tendency to have moderate personality traits. The regression analysis showed that extraversion (b = -0.14, p <0.05) and conscientiousness (b = -0.25, p <0.05) had a significant effect in a negative direction on the relationship between ACEs and depression tendency. Meanwhile, neuroticism had

a significant positive effect on the relationship (b = 0.49, p < 0.01)."

"Beberapa tahun terakhir, terdapat peningkatan isu perceraian dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Indonesia, termasuk pada pasangan dewasa muda. Tingginya isu rumah tangga dapat menjadi indikasi bahwa pasangan dewasa muda kurang mampu mengatasi ketegangan yang terjadi sehingga memengaruhi relationship satisfaction. Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa adverse childhood experience (ACE) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terhadap ketidakmampuan pasangan dalam mengatasi konflik pada masa dewasanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran kemampuan self-compassion sebagai moderator dalam hubungan ACE dan relationship satisfaction pada kelompok dewasa muda dalam hubungan pernikahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire untuk mengukur jumlah pengalaman sulit yang dialami pada masa kanak-kanak, Relationship Assessment Scale untuk mengukur kepuasan hubungan romantis, dan Self-Compassion Scale untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan self-compassion. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 258 dewasa muda (20 – 40 tahun) di Jabodetabek dengan mayoritas adalah partisipan wanita (78.7%). Multiple regression analysis menunjukkan bahwa self-compassion (β=-1.48, p<.05) beserta dengan ketiga dimensinya, mampu memoderatori dengan melemahkan hubungan negatif ACE dan relationship satisfaction. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa self-compassion mampu meningkatkan relationship satisfaction meskipun pasangan pernah mengalami ACE. Limitasi dari penelitian ini adalah teknik sampling yang digunakan merupakan convenience sampling sehingga tidak semua partisipan memiliki ACE dan tidak meratanya proporsi sampel.

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In recent years, there has been an increase in the issues of divorce and domestic violence in Indonesia, including among young adult couples. This rise may indicate that young adult couples struggle to manage tension, affecting their relationship satisfaction. Studies have identified adverse childhood experiences (ACE) as a risk factor for adult couples' inability to resolve conflicts. This study aims to investigate the role of self-compassion as a moderator in the relationship between ACE and relationship satisfaction among young married adults. The study utilized the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire to assess the number of adverse childhood experiences, the Relationship Assessment Scale to measure romantic relationship satisfaction, and the Self-Compassion Scale to assess self-compassion levels. Participants included 258 young adults (aged 20 – 40) in the Jabodetabek, with a majority being female (78.7%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that self-compassion (β=-1.48, p<.05) and its three dimensions moderated the negative relationship between ACE and relationship satisfaction. It can be concluded that self-compassion can enhance relationship satisfaction despite partners having experienced ACE. A limitation of this study is the use of convenience sampling, leading to not all participants having ACE and an uneven sample proportion."