Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kapang rizosfer mempunyai kemampuan menghambat Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans. penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.). Kapang rizosfer diisolasi dari daerah perakaran tanaman tomat di lahan konvensional Desa Cikahuripan dan Sukamulya, Sukabumi. Tujuh belas spesies yang antagonis terhadap F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici telah diidentifikasi dari 47 isolat yang diisolasi dan 2 isolat koleksi LIPI MC. Mekanisme antagonis untuk mengendalikan patogen terlihat beragam dari tiap spesies kapang rizosfer. Kompetisi dengan kapang patogen terlihat pada Trichoderma sp. dan Mucor sp. Semua isolat kapang rizosfer memproduksi agen antifungi volatil bukan HCN dan tidak dapat memproduksi enzim kitinase. Kapang rizosfer memproduksi agen antifungi non-volatil iturin yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem, dan 2 isolat Aspergillus sp. Enzim protease diproduksi oleh A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, dan Humicola fuscoatra Traaen. Aspergillus niger dan Penicillium sp., merupakan kapang rizosfer yang memproduksi agen antifungi non-volatil dan volatil terhadap patogen. Baik pada suspensi konidia patogen yang disimpan 4° C dan tidak disimpan dalam lemari pendingin yang diberi agen antifungi non-volatil Aspergillus niger (1:1) memperlihatkan persentase hambatan pertumbuhan konidia patogen tertinggi masing-masing 77,97 % dan 76,08 % pada pengamatan jam ke-8. Agen antifungi non-volatil Aspergillus niger pada berbagai konsentrasi meningkatkan perkecambahan tomat masing-masing 4,17 % pada benih tomat yang diberi filtrat atau suspensi konidia patogen yang diinkubasi selama 30 menit. Sedangkan waktu inkubasi 60 menit, agen antifungi non-volatil A. niger pada berbagai konsentrasi meningkatkan perkecambahan tomat 5,25 %?21,04 % pada benih tomat yang diberi suspensi konidia patogen dan menurunkan perkecambahan tomat 6,38 %?13,04 % pada benih tomat yang diberi filtrat patogen. Perpanjangan waktu inkubasi 30 menit menghambat selama 4 hari kolonisasi patogen pada tomat yang diberi campuran filtrat atau suspensi konidia patogen dan agen antifungi non-volatil A. niger pada berbagai konsentrasi. Agen antifungi volatil dari Penicillium sp. dapat menghambat perkecambahan konidia patogen sebesar 22,07 %.

---

Abstract
Rhizosphere moulds have activities to reduce the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans, the causal pathogen of wilt disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant. Moulds were isolated from rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in the Villages of Cikahuripan and Sukamulya, Sukabumi. Seventeen species that have antagonistic effect to F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici were identified from 47 isolates isolated from rhizosphere of tomato plant and 2 isolates of LIPI MC collection. Antagonistic mechanism for control the pathogen seemed different from each species of the rhizosphere moulds. Competition with the pathogen was produced by Trichoderma sp. and Mucor sp. All isolates of the rhizosphere moulds produced non-HCN volatile antifungal agent and did not produced chitinase enzyme. Rhizosphere moulds that produced iturin non-volatile antifungal agent were Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem, and 2 isolates of Aspergillus sp. Protease enzyme was produced by A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, and Humicola fuscoatra Traaen. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. were rhizophere moulds that produced non-volatile and volatile antifungal agents respectively against the pathogen. Both on the suspension of the pathogen conidia stored in 4° C and unstored in refregerator that given non-volatile antifungal agent of A. niger (1 : 1) showed the highest percent inhibition of the pathogen conidia respectively 77.97 % and 76.08 % in observation to-8 hours. Non-volatile antifungal agent of A. niger at various consentrations increased the germination of tomato respectively at 4.17 % on tomato that given the filtrate or suspension of conidia of the patogen at 30 minutes incubation. While in the incubation time of 60 minutes, non-volatile antifungal agent of A. niger at various concentration increased the germination of tomato at 5.25 %─21.04 % on tomato that given suspension of conidia of the pathogen and decreased the germination of tomato at 6.38 %─13.04 % on tomato that given the pathogen filtrate. Extending of incubation time for 30 minutes 4 days delayed the colonization of the pathogen on tomato that given a mixture of the filtrate or the suspension of the pathogen conidia and non-volatil antifungal agent of A. niger at various concentrations. The volatile antifungal agent of Penicillium sp. decreased the germination of conidia of the patogen at 22.07 %.

Abstrak :
Genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops transformed global agriculture since their commercial release in the mid-1990s. GM crops are the product of genetically engineered seeds that are resistant to herbicides and insects. The United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina account for 80% of the global area planted with GM crops. Based on a decade of research (2003-2013), this book investigates the ways in which peasants and rural populations resist but also negotiate the socioenvironmental consequences of GM soybeans in Argentina. The Argentine government authorized the use of GM, herbicide-resistant soybean seeds in 1996 in the midst of a profound process of neoliberalization. By the mid-2000s, GM soybeans were cultivated on half of the arable land in Argentina. While this agricultural boom has benefitted agribusiness companies, it also has accelerated the deforestation of native forests, prompted the eviction of indigenous and peasant families, and spurred episodes of agrochemical exposure. Soybeans and Power offers three insights. First, it inspects the consequences of GM crops in concrete rural spaces. Through ethnographic research, the book grounds abstract debates about GM crops in concrete experiences of peasants and rural populations, those bearing witness to their expansion. Second, it scrutinizes processes of demobilization and the decline of contention, which are much less understood than the mobilization and the emergence of social movements. Third, it draws on the case of Argentina, a major global player in transgenic agriculture, shedding light on the social and environmental impacts of the recent commodity boom in Latin America.

Abstrak :
Agricultural biotechnology takes many forms and applications, with the number and diversity of products ever increasing. With this rapid development, regulatory authorities have sought to keep pace through regulatory adjustments and advances to ensure the safe and beneficial use of this critical technology. The regulatory systems for the U.S. and Canada are not static and must evolve in order to maintain relevance, efficiency and applicability to the challenges encountered.

Abstrak :
Perspektif multi-level memberikan stimulasi inovasi dalam transisi sosio-teknis dalam mengatasi masalah sosial dan lingkungan seperti kemiskinan dan perubahan iklim. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dibutuhkan perubahan struktural yang mendalam karena mereka melibatkan perubahan dalam konfigurasi keseluruhan yang melibatkan teknologi, kebijakan, dan pasar. Elemen tersebut dikembangkan, dikelola, dan ditransformasikan oleh pelbagai aktor salah satunya perusahaan bisnis digital yang memiliki orientasi tujuan yang kuat. Bisnis sosial dan Islam memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dalam berperan di transisi sosio-teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun ekosistem bisnis digital Islam untuk sektor pertanian agar dapat memberikan kontribusi pada transisi sosio-teknis dengan perspektif multi-level. Metode kualitatif pendekatan studi kasus ganda terpancang digunakan untuk membangun model ekosistem. Hasil yang didapatkan dari studi kasus ganda ini menunjukkan bahwa bisnis digital pertanian membutuhkan kolaborasi antara pelbagai aktor dari level lanskap seperti pembuat kebijakan hingga niche seperti komunitas lokal agar skalabilitas bisnis dan transisi sosio-teknis yang diharapkan dapat terjadi. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan digital, infrastruktur sosial lokal dan institusi yang terintegrasi dengan rantai nilai bisnis pertanian dapat menjadi jembatan antara perusahaan dengan petani berskala kecil. Pengembangan transisi dengan maqasid al-syariah menjadi kerangka penting untuk bisnis digital Islam. Indikator pengukuran keberlanjutan bisnis dan pertanian untuk mencapai kemaslahatan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan transisi sosio-teknis. ......The multi-level perspective provides stimulation of innovation in socio-technical transitions in addressing social and environmental problems such as poverty and climate change. To address these problems, deep structural changes are needed because they involve alterations in the overall configuration which entail technology, policy and markets. These elements are developed, managed, and transformed by various actors for instance a purposeful digital business company. Social and Islamic business have a competitive advantage in playing a role in the socio-technical transition. This research aims to build an Islamic digital business ecosystem for the agricultural sector so that it can contributes to the socio-technical transition with multi-level perspective. The embedded multiple case studies design with qualitative method has been carried out. The results obtained from this study shows that digital agricultural business requires dynamic collaboration between various actors from the landscape level such as policy makers to niches such as local communities hence that business scalability and socio-technical transition are expected to prevail. To overcome the digital divide, local social infrastructure and institutions can be embedded with agricultural business value chain to bridge the gap between companies and smallholder farmers. The development of the transition with the maqasid al-sharia is an important framework for Islamic digital business. Indicators for measuring the sustainability of business and agriculture to achieve public interest can be further developed to ensure the socio-technical transition.